scholarly journals MGOS: Development of a Community Annotation Database for Magnaporthe oryzae

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupreet Kour ◽  
Kevin Greer ◽  
Barbara Valent ◽  
Marc J. Orbach ◽  
Carol Soderlund
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Annotation Database ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Serious Disease

Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, which is the most serious disease of cultivated rice worldwide. We previously developed the Magnaporthe grisea–Orzya sativa (MGOS) database as a repository for the M. oryzae and rice genome sequences together with a comprehensive set of functional interaction data generated by a major consortium of U.S. researchers. The MGOS database has now undergone a major redesign to include data from the international blast research community, accessible with a new intuitive, easy-to-use interface. Registered database users can manually annotate gene sequences and features as well as add mutant data and literature on individual gene pages. Over 900 genes have been manually curated based on various biological databases and the scientific literature. Gene names and descriptions, gene ontology annotations, published and unpublished information on mutants and their phenotypes, responses in diverse microarray analyses, and related literature have been incorporated. Thus far, 362 M. oryzae genes have associated information on mutants. MGOS is now poised to become a one-stop repository for all structural and functional data available on all genes of this critically important rice pathogen.

scholarly journals Griseaketides A–D, New Aromatic Polyketides from the Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-He Yang ◽  
Da-Song Yang ◽  
Hong-Mei Lei ◽  
Cheng-Yun Li ◽  
Guo-Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Aromatic Polyketides ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
New Compounds

Magnaporthe grisea is the causal agent of rice blast disease, which is the most serious disease of cultivated rice. Aromatic polyketides are its typical metabolites and are involved in the infection process. In the search for novel lead compounds, chemical investigation of the fungus M. grisea M639 has led to the isolation of four new aromatic polyketides (salicylaldehyde skeleton bearing an unsaturated side chain), griseaketides A–D (1–4), as well as 15 known compounds (5–19). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-MS, 2D NMR. Compound 12 showed prominent activity that killed 94.5% of C. elegans at 400 ppm and 66.9% at 200 ppm over 24 h. This is the first report describing the nematicidal activity of this type aromatic polyketide.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Rice Resistance Genes Against Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates from Four African Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Mgonja ◽  
Elias G. Balimponya ◽  
Houxiang Kang ◽  
Maria Bellizzi ◽  
Chan Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Rice blast disease is emerging as a major constraint to rice production in Africa. Although a traditional gene-tagging strategy using biparental crosses can effectively identify resistance (R) genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) against Magnaporthe oryzae, the mapping procedure required is time consuming and requires many populations to investigate the genetics of resistance. In this report, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to rapidly map rice genes conferring resistance against eight M. oryzae isolates from four African countries. We inoculated 162 rice cultivars, which were part of the rice diversity panel 1 (RDP1) and were previously genotyped with the 44,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, with the eight isolates. The GWAS identified 31 genomic regions associated with blast resistance (RABR) in the rice genome. In addition, we used polymerase chain reaction analysis to confirm the association between the Pish gene and a major RABR on chromosome 1 that was associated with resistance to four M. oryzae isolates. Our study has demonstrated the power of GWAS for the rapid identification of rice blast R or QTL genes that are effective against African populations of M. oryzae. The identified SNP markers associated with RABR can be used in breeding for resistance against rice blast in Africa.

scholarly journals MoGT2 Is Essential for Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Deng ◽  
Wenda Sun ◽  
Lihong Dong ◽  
Guobing Cui ◽  
Yi Zhen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Targeted Gene Deletion

ABSTRACT Magnaporthe oryzae causes the rice blast disease, which is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice worldwide. Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification of secretory and membrane proteins in all eukaryotes, catalyzed by glycosyltransferases (GTs). In this study, we identified and characterized a type 2 glycosyltransferase, MoGt2, in M. oryzae. Targeted gene deletion mutants of MoGT2 (mogt2Δ strains) were nonpathogenic and were impaired in vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressorium formation at hyphal tips. Moreover, MoGT2 plays an important role in stress tolerance and hydrophobin function of M. oryzae. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that conserved glycosyltransferase domains (DxD and QxxRW) are critical for biological functions of MoGt2. MoGT2 deletion led to altered glycoproteins during M. oryzae conidiation. By liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we identified several candidate proteins as potential substrates of MoGt2, including several heat shock proteins, two coiled-coil domain-containing proteins, aminopeptidase 2, and nuclease domain-containing protein 1. On the other hand, we found that a conidiation-related gene, genes involved in various metabolism pathways, and genes involved in cell wall integrity and/or osmotic response were differentially regulated in the mogt2Δ mutant, which may potentially contribute to its condiation defects. Taken together, our results show that MoGt2 is important for infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenesis in M. oryzae. IMPORTANCE The ascomycete fungus Magnapothe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, leading to severe loss in cultivated rice production worldwide. In this study, we identified a conserved type 2 glycosyltransferase named MoGt2 in M. oryzae. The mogt2Δ targeted gene deletion mutants exhibited pleiotropic defects in vegetative growth, conidiation, stress response, hyphal appressorium-mediated penetration, and pathogenicity. Furthermore, conserved glycosyltransferase domains are critical for MoGt2 function. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed potential target genes under MoGt2 regulation in M. oryzae conidiation. Identification of potential glycoproteins modified by MoGt2 provided information on its regulatory mechanism of gene expression and biological functions. Overall, our study represents the first report of type 2 glycosyltransferase function in M. oryzae infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Explore the genetics of weedy traits using rice 3K database

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Lan Lin ◽  
Dong-Hong Wu ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Wu ◽  
Yung-Fen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Allele Mining ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Public Data

Abstract Background Weedy rice, a conspecific weedy counterpart of the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), has been problematic in rice-production area worldwide. Although we started to know about the origin of some weedy traits for some rice-growing regions, an overall assessment of weedy trait-related loci was not yet available. On the other hand, the advances in sequencing technologies, together with community efforts, have made publicly available a large amount of genomic data. Given the availability of public data and the need of “weedy” allele mining for a better management of weedy rice, the objective of the present study was to explore the genetic architecture of weedy traits based on publicly available data, mainly from the 3000 Rice Genome Project (3K-RGP). Results Based on the results of population structure analysis, we have selected 1378 individuals from four sub-populations (aus, indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica) without admixed genomic composition for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Five traits were investigated: awn color, seed shattering, seed threshability, seed coat color, and seedling height. GWAS was conducted for each sub-population × trait combination and we have identified 66 population-specific trait-associated SNPs. Eleven significant SNPs fell into an annotated gene and four other SNPs were close to a putative candidate gene (± 25 kb). SNPs located in or close to Rc were particularly predictive of the occurrence of seed coat color and our results showed that different sub-populations required different SNPs for a better seed coat color prediction. We compared the data of 3K-RGP to a publicly available weedy rice dataset. The profile of allele frequency, phenotype-genotype segregation of target SNP, as well as GWAS results for the presence and absence of awns diverged between the two sets of data. Conclusions The genotype of trait-associated SNPs identified in this study, especially those located in or close to Rc, can be developed to diagnostic SNPs to trace the origin of weedy trait occurred in the field. The difference of results from the two publicly available datasets used in this study emphasized the importance of laboratory experiments to confirm the allele mining results based on publicly available data.

The taxonomical identity of the perfect state of Pyricularia grisea and its allies

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yaegashi ◽  
S. Udagawa
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Conidial State

Magnaporthe grisea is proposed as a comb.nov. for Ceratosphaeria grisea Hébert, the perfect state of Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc. Pyricularia grisea is very close morphologically to P. oryzae Cav., well known as the causal agent of blast disease on rice. Magnaporthe was recently established in the Diaporthales to accommodate a single species, M. salvinii (Catt.) Krause & Webster, which was described as the cause of stem rot of rice with conidial state known as Nakataea sigmoidea Hara. Based on a review of the taxonomic characters of Ceratosphaeria grisea, the desirability is discussed of its inclusion in the genus Magnaporthe.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM AND ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Shahid Khan ◽  
Neeta Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Objective: In vitro analysis of Allium sativum and Allium ampeloprasum was performed to evaluate their antifungal potential against Alternaria triticina (ITCC 5496), causative agent of leaf blight in wheat and Magnaporthe oryzae (ITCC 6808), causative agent of blast disease in rice.Methods: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum and A. sativum were prepared by crushing their bulb in liquid nitrogen and then immersing them in 90% ethanol and 100% ethanol separately. The antifungal activity test was determined by quantitative assay using 96-well microtiter plate and results were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism v. 5.03.Results: A. triticina and M. oryzae showed above 90% and 95% growth inhibition, respectively against the ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum. Conversely, growth inhibition of either fungus remained mostly below 35% against ethanol extracts of A. sativum at all tested concentrations.Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum have relatively higher antifungal potential than ethanol extracts of A. sativum and could be considered as a natural alternative to chemical fungicides.Keywords: Allium sativum, Allium ampeloprasum, Alternaria triticina, Magnaporthe oryzae.

scholarly journals Yield QTL analysis of Oryza sativa x O. glumaepatula introgression lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Nascimento Rangel ◽  
Rosana Pereira Vianello ◽  
Arthur Tavares Oliveira Melo ◽  
Paulo Hideo Nakano Rangel ◽  
João Antônio Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Donor Parent ◽  
Effect On Yield

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield performance of two generations (BC2F2 and BC2F9) of introgression lines developed from the interspecific cross between Oryza sativa and O. glumaepatula, and to identify the SSR markers associated to yield. The wild accession RS‑16 (O. glumaepatula) was used as donor parent in the backcross with the high yielding cultivar Cica‑8 (O. sativa). A set of 114 BC2F1 introgression lines was genotyped with 141 polymorphic SSR loci distributed across the whole rice genome. Molecular analysis showed that in average 22% of the O. glumaepatula genome was introgressed into BC2F1 generation. Nine BC2F9 introgression lines had a significantly higher yield than the genitor Cica‑8, thus showing a positive genome interaction among cultivated rice and the wild O. glumaepatula. Seven QTL were identified in the overall BC2F2, with one marker interval (4879‑EST20) of great effect on yield. The alleles with positive effect on yield came from the cultivated parent Cica‑8.

scholarly journals Osa-miR162a balances rice yield and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Pu Li ◽  
Xiao-Chun Ma ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xin-Xian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Rice Blast Resistance ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causative agent of rice blast disease. Osa-miR162a targets Dicer-like 1 (DCL1) genes, which play vital roles in miRNA biogenesis and act as negative regulators in rice immunity. Here we demonstrate that Osa-miR162a improves rice immunity against M. oryzae and balances the trade-off between rice yield and resistance. Overexpression of Osa-miR162a compromises rice susceptibility to M. oryzae accompanying enhanced induction of defense-related genes and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In contrast, blocking miR162 by overexpressing a target mimic of miR162 enhances susceptibility to blast fungus associating with compromised induction of defense-related gene expression and H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, the transgenic lines overexpressing Osa-miR162a display decreased seed setting rate resulting in reduced yield per plant, whereas blocking miR162 leads to an increased number of grains per panicle, resulting in increased yield per plant. Altered accumulation of miR162 had limited impact on the expression of OsDCL1. Together, our results indicate that Osa-miR162a improves rice blast resistance and plays a role in the balance of trade-off between resistance and yield.

scholarly journals First Report of Gray Leaf Spot on St. Augustinegrass in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1536-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Polizzi ◽  
I. Castello ◽  
A. M. Picco ◽  
D. Rodino
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze) is used for lawns in southern Italy because it is much more resistant to biotic and abiotic adversities than other turfgrass species. Because few seeds are viable, this species is established by vegetative propagation. A new disease was noticed during the spring of 2002 and 2003 on cuttings of St. Augustinegrass growing in three greenhouses in eastern Sicily. The disease affected leaves and culms and caused a progressive drying of the plants. The infection was first seen on leaves as gray, necrotic spots that enlarged in high-humidity conditions to form oval, and later, spindle-shaped lesions. In association with the lesions, it was possible to observe fungal spore development and sunken areas with blue-gray centers and slightly irregular, brown margins with yellow halos. Spots were concentrated without specific arrangement along longitudinal veins and the midrib and at the base, tip, and margins of the leaf blade. Symptoms on the culms consisted of brown-to-black blotches that sometimes extended throughout the internodes. From these infected tissues, 20 explants taken from leaves and culms were cut, washed with sterile water, and placed on 1.5% water agar (WA). Later, conidia and conidiophores were obtained from colonies with a sterile glass needle and placed on 4% WA. From these plates, two monoconidial isolates were obtained and transferred to rice meal medium (1). The colonies were identified as Pyricularia grisea Cooke (Sacc.), anamorphic state of Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Yeagashi & Udagawa, the cause of rice blast disease and gray leaf spot disease of turfgrasses. The conidia were pyriform to obclavate, narrowed toward the tip, rounded at the base, 2-septate, 21 to 31 μm × 6 to 10 μm (average 25.7 ×8.2 μm). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating leaves and culms of six St. Augustinegrass plants with a conidial suspension of the fungus (1.5 ×105 conidia per ml). The same number of noninoculated plants was used as controls. All plants were incubated in a moist chamber with high humidity at 25°C. After 6 days, all inoculated plants showed typical symptoms of the disease. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by isolating P. grisea from inoculated plants. Gray leaf spot caused by P. grisea has been a chronic problem on St. Augustinegrass since it was first reported in 1957 (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. grisea on St. Augustinegrass in Italy. While it does not appear to be an important disease in the field at this time in Sicily, it could cause losses in greenhouses where vegetative material is propagated for field planting. A preliminary molecular analysis has shown a clear distinction between the tested strain and other strains isolated from rice seeds and plants in northern Italy. References: (1) E. Roumen et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103:363, 1997. (2) L. P. Tredway et al. Plant Dis. 87:435, 2003.

scholarly journals Role of two metacaspases in development and pathogenicity of the Rice Blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Fernandez ◽  
Victor Lopez ◽  
Lisa Kinch ◽  
Mariel A. Pfeifer ◽  
Hillery Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTRice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating disease of cultivated rice worldwide. Infections by this fungus lead to a significant reduction in rice yields and threats to food security. To gain better insight into growth and cell death in M. oryzae during infection, we characterized two predicted M. oryzae metacaspase proteins, MoMca1 and MoMca2. These proteins appear to be functionally redundant and are able to complement the yeast Yca1 homologue. Biochemical analysis revealed that M. oryzae metacaspases exhibited Ca2+ dependent caspase activity in vitro. Deletion of both MoMca1 and MoMca2 in M. oryzae resulted in reduced sporulation, delay in conidial germination and attenuation of disease severity. In addition, the double ΔMomca1mca2 mutant strain showed increased radial growth in the presence of oxidative stress. Interestingly, the ΔMomca1mca2 strain showed an increase accumulation of insoluble aggregates compared to the wild-type strain during vegetative growth. Our findings suggest that MoMca1 and MoMca2 promote the clearance of insoluble aggregates in M. oryzae, demonstrating the important role these metacaspases have in fungal protein homeostasis. Furthermore, these metacaspase proteins may play additional roles, like in regulating stress responses, that would help maintain the fitness of fungal cells required for host infection.IMPORTANCEMagnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease that threatens global food security by resulting in the severe loss of rice production every year. A tightly regulated life cycle allows M. oryzae to disarm the host plant immune system during its biotrophic stage before triggering plant cell death in its necrotrophic stage. The ways M. oryzae navigates its complex life cycle remains unclear. This work characterizes two metacaspase proteins with peptidase activity in M. oryzae that are shown to be involved in the regulation of fungal growth and development prior to infection by potentially helping maintain fungal fitness. This study provides new insight into the role of metacaspase proteins in filamentous fungi by illustrating the delays in M. oryzae morphogenesis in the absence of these proteins. Understanding the mechanisms by which M. oryzae morphology and development promote its devastating pathogenicity may lead to the emergence of proper methods for disease control.

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