Characterization of the Genetic Resistance toColletotrichum lindemuthianumin Common Bean Differential Cultivars

In 2003 and 2004, 32 isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum obtained from the infected plants of field-grown common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Santa Catarina state, Brazil were analyzed based on the virulence to 12 differential cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Thirteen distinct races were identified, six of which had not been reported previously in Santa Catarina. This is the first report of the occurrence of 67, 83,101,103,105, and 581 races of C. lindemuthianum. Race 65 was most common (34%). All the isolates were compatible to the cultivars Michelite and Mexico 222. Some isolates infected not only differential cultivar of Mesoamerican origin, but also the ones of Andean origin.

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Estudio preliminar de las enfermedades y plagas insectiles en las colectas de Phaseolus de México

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v4i0.25175 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

José S. Muruaga Martínez ◽

Jorge A. Acosta Gallegos ◽

Ramón Garza García

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Visual Symptoms ◽

In The Wild ◽

Almost All ◽

Phaseolus Species ◽

Wide Geographic Distribution

The INIFAP (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias) herbarium specimens of Phaseolus spp. collected in Mexico during the period from 1978 to 1991 were examined with the aim of increasing our knowledge on the distribution of the insects and diseases that attack those species. A total of 775 specimens, including 24 different Phaseolus species from different regions of Mexico, were studied. Based on visual symptoms of pathogen damage, a wide geographic distribution of diseases and insects was observed in almost all species; most of them are the same pathogens that attack the cultivated common bean (P. vulgaris). It is possible to find genetic resistance to pathogens in the wild Phaseolus spp., resistance that may be useful to improve the cultivated forms in the genus. However, the utilization of germplasm of wild Phaseolus species will depend upon the thorough characterization of those species, their compatibility with the cultivated beans, and the inheritance of the traits involved.

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Characterization of genetic resistance in Andean common bean cultivar Amendoim Cavalo to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.2017v3i1p43 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danielle Sayuri Yoshida Nanami ◽

Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽

Sandra Aparecida de Lima Castro ◽

Angêlica Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

High Contribution ◽

Allelism Tests ◽

Common Bean Cultivar ◽

F2 Generation

The Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is one of the most importante fungal disease of common bean. Several strategies have been used for its control, such as the use of pathogen-free seeds, chemical control and crop rotation. However, the most efficient method to control this disease is the use of resistant cultivars. Previous studies conducted by the Laboratory of Common Bean Breeding and Molecular Biology of the Nucleus of Research Applied to Agriculture (Laboratório de Melhoramento de Feijão Comum e de Biologia Molecular do Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada à Agricultura-NUPAGRI) revealed that the Andean cultivar Amendoim Cavalo is resistant to races 2, 7, 9, 19, 23, 39, 55, 65, 73, 89, 1545, 2047 and 3481 of C. lindemuthianum. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic resistance to anthracnose in Amendoim Cavalo using inheritance and allelism tests. The results of inheritance tests in F2 generation of Amendoim Cavalo × PI 207262 cross, inoculated with 2047 race, fitted in a ratio of 3R:1S, proving the action of a single dominant gene in Amendoim Cavalo cultivar. Allelism tests demonstrated that the dominant gene present in Amendoim Cavalo is independent from the genes previously characterized. The authors propose the Co-AC symbol to designate the new resistant gene to C. lindemuthianum. The results show high contribution to breeding programs, once Amendoim Cavalo cultivar can be considered an important Andean source of resistance to C. lindemuthianum.

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Genetic Characterization of Differential Reactions Among Host Group 3 Common Bean Cultivars to NL-3 K Strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.6.683 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 683-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C. A. Strausbaugh ◽

P. N. Miklas ◽

S. P. Singh ◽

J. R. Myers ◽

R. L. Forster

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Host Group ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Allelism Tests ◽

Additional Resistance ◽

Group 3

A previously unrecognized recessive resistance gene (or allele) was identified in three host group (HG) 3 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cvs. Olathe, Victor, and UI 37, based on genetic analysis of plants from five populations screened with the NL-3 K strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). The gene (or allele) was associated with resistance to leaf stunting and deformity and reduction in plant height. The gene (or allele) provides similar, but slightly better resistance than the bc-12 gene that is characteristic of HG 3 cultivars. Traditional HG 3 cultivars like Redlands Greenleaf B with bc-12 are susceptible to NL-3 K, whereas this newly identified gene (or allele) conditions resistance to NL-3 K. Other slight variations in disease reaction pattern to a wide array of bean common mosaic (BCM)-inducing strains were noted among HG 3 differentials, indicating that additional resistance to BCM exists in common bean that remains to be exploited. To gauge the full breeding value of this newly identified gene (or allele), allelism tests with existing genes, namely bc-12, and further characterization of responses to all Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and BCMNV strains need to be conducted. Meanwhile, breeders should consider introgressing this more effective gene (or allele) into susceptible cultivars while plant pathologists continue to decipher the genetic variability present among HG 3 differential cultivars.

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Characterization of the Race Structure of Leptosphaeria maculans Causing Blackleg of Winter Canola in Oklahoma and Kansas

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0181-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 2353-2358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudia Diaz ◽

Felipe Cevallos ◽

John Damicone

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Quantitative Resistance ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Avirulence Genes ◽

Winter Canola ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Species Specific

Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is a widespread disease of winter canola (Brassica napus) in Oklahoma and Kansas. Deployment of genetic resistance is the primary strategy for managing blackleg. Resistance genes (Rlm) in canola interact with avirulence genes in the fungus (AvrLm) in a gene-for-gene manner. Little is known about the diversity and frequency of avirulence genes and the race structure in the region. Isolates of Leptosphaeria spp. were collected from diseased leaves in nine counties in Oklahoma and one county in Kansas from 2009 to 2013. Based on pathogenicity and PCR amplification of mating type and species-specific internal transcribed spacer loci, most isolates (n = 90) were L. maculans. The presence of avirulence genes was evaluated using phenotypic interactions on cotyledons of differential cultivars with Rlm1, Rlm2, Rlm3, and Rlm4 and amplification of AvrLm1, AvrLm4-7, and AvrLm6 by PCR. The avirulence alleles AvrLm6 and AvrLm7 were present in the entire L. maculans population. AvrLm1 was found in 34% of the population, AvrLm2 in 4%, and AvrLm4 in only 1%. A total of five races, defined as combinations of avirulence alleles, were identified that included AvrLm1-2-6-7, AvrLm2-6-7, AvrLm4-6-7, AvrLm1-6-7, and AvrLm6-7. Races virulent on the most Rlm genes, AvrLm1-6-7 at 32% and AvrLm6-7 at 62%, were predominant. Defining the avirulence allele frequency and race structure of L. maculans should be useful for the identification and development of resistant cultivars and hybrids for blackleg management in the region. The results suggest that Rlm6 and Rlm7 would be effective, although their deployment should be integrated with quantitative resistance and cultural practices, such as crop rotation, that limit selection pressure on Rlm genes.

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Characterization of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm for morphological and seed nutrient traits from Western Himalayas

Legume Science ◽

10.1002/leg3.86 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofora Jan ◽

Irshad Ahmad Rather ◽

Parvaze Ahmad Sofi ◽

Mohd Altaf Wani ◽

Farooq Ahmad Sheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Western Himalayas ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Nutrient Traits

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Genetic characterization at the species and symbiovar level of indigenous rhizobial isolates nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris in Greece

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88051-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evdoxia Efstathiadou ◽

Georgia Ntatsi ◽

Dimitrios Savvas ◽

Anastasia P. Tampakaki

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽

Rhizobial Inoculation ◽

Rhizobial Species ◽

The Common ◽

First Time ◽

Of Greece ◽

Rhizobial Isolates

AbstractPhaseolus vulgaris (L.), commonly known as bean or common bean, is considered a promiscuous legume host since it forms nodules with diverse rhizobial species and symbiovars. Most of the common bean nodulating rhizobia are mainly affiliated to the genus Rhizobium, though strains belonging to Ensifer, Pararhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Burkholderia have also been reported. This is the first report on the characterization of bean-nodulating rhizobia at the species and symbiovar level in Greece. The goals of this research were to isolate and characterize rhizobia nodulating local common bean genotypes grown in five different edaphoclimatic regions of Greece with no rhizobial inoculation history. The genetic diversity of the rhizobial isolates was assessed by BOX-PCR and the phylogenetic affiliation was assessed by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of housekeeping and symbiosis-related genes. A total of fifty fast-growing rhizobial strains were isolated and representative isolates with distinct BOX-PCR fingerpriniting patterns were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The strains were closely related to R. anhuiense, R. azibense, R. hidalgonense, R. sophoriradicis, and to a putative new genospecies which is provisionally named as Rhizobium sp. I. Most strains belonged to symbiovar phaseoli carrying the α-, γ-a and γ-b alleles of nodC gene, while some of them belonged to symbiovar gallicum. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that strains assigned to R. sophoriradicis and harbored the γ-b allele were found in European soils. All strains were able to re-nodulate their original host, indicating that they are true microsymbionts of common bean.

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Updated Characterization of Races of Plasmopara halstedii and Entomopathogenic Fungi as Endophytes of Sunflower Plants in Axenic Culture

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

Pedro Miranda-Fuentes ◽

Ana B. García-Carneros ◽

Leire Molinero-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Axenic Culture ◽

Plasmopara Halstedii ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Axenic Conditions ◽

Highly Virulent

The management of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower, is heavily dependent on genetic resistance, whilst entomopathogenic fungi (EF) can reduce other sunflower diseases. In this work, we characterized P. halstedii from Spain and other countries collected in the past few years. Twenty-three races were identified (the most frequent in Spain being 310, 304, 705 and 715), with an increasing proportion of highly virulent races. Five isolates from countries other than Spain overcame the resistance in RHA-340. In addition, we assessed the efficacy of five EF against downy mildew and their effects on sunflower growth in axenic conditions. None of the entomopathogens reduced disease severity, nor did they have any effect on plant growth when applied together with P. halstedii. In contrast, three EF reduced some of the plant growth variables in the absence of the pathogen. Microbiological and molecular diagnostics suggest that the axenic system and the short experimental time used in this study did not favor the successful establishment of EF in the plants or their potential biocontrol effect. Our results show a shift in P. halstedii racial patterns and suggest that soil as a growth substrate and long infection times are needed for EF effectiveness against downy mildew.

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