scholarly journals Extended Utilization of Constraint-Based Metabolic Model in a Long-Growing Crop

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Porntip Chiewchankaset ◽  
Saowalak Kalapanulak ◽  
Treenut Saithong
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The constraint-based rMeCBM-KU50 model of cassava storage root growth was analyzed to evaluate its sensitivity, with respect to reaction flux distribution and storage root growth rate, to changes in model inputted data and constraints, including sucrose uptake rate-related data—photosynthetic rate, total leaf area, total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and biomass function-related data. These mainly varied within ±90% of the model default values, although exceptions were made for the carbohydrate (−90% to 8%) and starch (−90% to 9%) contents. The results indicated that the predicted storage root growth rate was highly affected by specific sucrose uptake rates through the total photosynthetic rate and storage root dry weight variations; whereas the carbon flux distribution, direction and partitioning inclusive, was more sensitive to the variation in biomass content, particularly the carbohydrate content. This study showed that the specific sucrose uptake rate based on the total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and carbohydrate content were critical to the constraint-based metabolic modeling and deepened our understanding of the input–output relationship—specifically regarding the rMeCBM-KU50 model—providing a valuable platform for the modeling of plant metabolic systems, especially long-growing crops.

scholarly journals Tomato Transplant Morphology Affected by Handling and Storage

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1377-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
And Storage

Shoot and root growth changes in response to handling and storage time in `Sunny' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants were investigated. Transplants, 45 days old, were stored either in trays (nonpulled) or packed in boxes (pulled) for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 days at 5 and 15C. Also, 35-day-old nonpulled and pulled transplants were kept in darkness at 20/28C for 0, 1, 2, or 3 days. At SC, pulled transplants had longer and heavier stems, a higher shoot: root ratio, higher ethylene evolution, and lower root dry weight than nonpulled transplants. At 15C, pulled transplants had more shoot growth than nonpulled transplants. Nonpulled, initially 35-day-old transplants had heavier shoots and roots and higher (7.0 t·ha-1) yields of extra-large fruit than pulled transplants (4.1 t·ha-1), but there were no differences in the total yields of marketable fruits.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

scholarly journals Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Barraclough ◽  
R. A. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Roots

SummaryThe effect of sowing date on root growth of high-yielding crops (8–1 It grain/ha, 85% D.M.) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hustler) was measured at Rothamsted and Woburn in 1980 and 1981. Roots were sampled by coring on five occasions and changes in root dry weight and length were determined. The average growth rate between March and June was about 1 g/m2/day (200 m/m2/day), over 5 times that measured between December and March. Increases in root weight or length with time were generally exponential to anthesis when the crops had 101–172 g root/m2 (20–32 km/m2). September-sown wheat had more root than October-sown wheat at all times, but whereas early differences in length were maintained throughout the season, root weights converged between March and June. Overall, there was no significant difference in root dry-matter production between sites at anthesis, but there was a substantial difference between years. Differences in root growth between crops were reduced by plotting the amount of root against either the number of days from sowing or accumulated thermal time. Using che latter, root growth between December and June was reasonably linear although there was some indication of a lag below 500 °C days. Regression equations obtained for the relationships between root growth and accumulated thermal time also fitted previously published data and may provide general descriptions of root growth with time.Roots of September-sown crops reached 1 m depth by December but those of October-sown crops were not detectable at this depth until April. For most crops the distribution of roots with depth was reasonably described by an exponential decay function, with over 50% of the roots in the top 20 cm of soil at all times. At Woburn in 1981, a plough-pan restricted roots to the upper soil horizons for most of the season but apparently had little effect on the total amount of root produced. For one of the experimental crops an empirical mathematical function describing the distribution of roots with depth and time is presented.Using the data from this and previously published studies, the relationship between grain yield and the amount of root at anthesis was investigated. Total root length was positively correlated with grain yield but nonetheless similarly yielding crops could have different-sized root systems. Total root dry weight was poorly correlated with grain yield.

scholarly journals Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium spp. Obtained from Asparagus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corpas-Hervias ◽  
J. M. Melero-Vara ◽  
M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽  
C. Zurera-Muñoz ◽  
M. J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
And Storage

Microbial analysis of asparagus plants (Asparagus officinalis) obtained from four nurseries in Spain in 2002 to 2003 indicated high frequencies of Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. moniliforme in the rhizomes and storage roots. Out of 201 isolates of Fusarium obtained from nursery crowns and from plants sampled in nine established asparagus fields, the highest frequency of highly pathogenic isolates was observed from samples collected from fields, and included some extremely virulent isolates of F. solani. For isolates of low to moderate virulence, the percentage of those significantly (P = 0.01) associated with root dry weight loss was larger for F. proliferatum (53.8%) than for the other Fusarium species (10.3 to 23.1%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 19 isolates of Fusarium spp. grouped all F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme isolates together and, in a second cluster, five of the eight isolates of F. oxysporum. Asparagus cultivars Verde-Morado and Dariana were the least susceptible of 11 cultivars commonly grown in Spain; isolates of F. solani and F. moniliforme proved highly virulent; and a significant interaction was observed among pathogen isolates and asparagus cultivars when representative pathogenic isolates of F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. solani were tested on those cultivars. Larger reductions in root dry weight were associated with F. proliferatum and F. solani than with F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme, and differences in root and stem dry weights among cultivars were significant.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting and Paclobutrazol on Root Growth of ‘Green Column’ Black Maple and ‘Summit’ Green Ash

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Second Year

Abstract ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Summit’) and ‘Green Column’ black maples (Acer nigrum ‘Green Column’) were transplanted and treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) to study its effect on root growth after transplanting. PBZ increased root extension growth of transplanted ‘Green Column’ maples in the first year after treatment, prior to the onset of above-ground growth regulation. Root growth of transplanted ‘Summit’ ash was not affected by PBZ. Transplanting reduced extension growth of regenerated roots in the first year for ‘Green Column’ maples with no effect on root dry weight. In ‘Summit’ green ash transplanting increased root extension growth in the second year, and root dry weight in both years.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VII. Relationships between yield and P uptake in two accessions of white clover

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
DC Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Application

Lack of data on root growth and relationships between root parameters and P uptake are major limitations to understanding and modelling P efficiency in crop and forage plants. An experiment was conducted whereby two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens, Chiswick and Ladino) were grown in pots in a P deficient soil fertilized with a low (P5 [kg ha-1]) or high (P40) P application rate. Plants were harvested at 10, 16, 22, 28, 34 and 40 days after transplanting and tops harvested and roots recovered from the pots. Detailed measures of root members were made at 10, 16 and 22 days and these correlated with P uptake. Dry weight of tops of accessions was the same between the two rates of P until day 28. At 40 days, the tops yield of Ladino was higher than Chiswick at P40. Root dry weight increased with increasing P application rate and time from day 16 onwards. Significant differences in root growth only occurred at the 16 and 34 day harvests at P5. Ladino tended to have a greater mean P uptake over time than did Chiswick at both P levels. P uptake was found to be positively correlated with shoot and root dry weight, root length, root number, root volume and surface area, and negatively correlated with mean root diameter and mean length per root. Root extension rate at low P in Ladino was greater than that in Chiswick, which may explain the greater P uptake by Ladino at low P at later harvests in this experiment. The changes in length, diameter and number of roots in the two accessions examined in this study, with time, in response to P, reflect some form of coordination. Chiswick tended to produce many short roots whilst Ladino fewer long roots. Only small differences in P uptake per unit root length were measured, which suggest that total root length or root extension rate is the primary determinant of total P uptake in these accessions of white clover.

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

scholarly journals Pemberian Biochar Jengkok Tembakau untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Ubijalar pada Lahan Kering Sub-Optimal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Edyson Indawan ◽  
Sri Umi Lestari ◽  
Nurita Thiasari
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Indawan et al, 2019. Increasing Sweet Potato Yield on Biochar Amendment Application on Sub-Optimal Dry Land. JLSO 8(1):47-56. Biochar is a soil amendment that can improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and can reduce contamination. This study aim to evaluate the sweet potato response to biochar application from tobacco industry waste. The combination of cultivar and dose of biochar implemented using a Split Plot Experiment Design with three replications. The cultivars placed 0n main plots and biochar doses on sub-plots. The thirteen cultivars covering 7 varieties (Kuningan Putih, Beta 1, Beta 2, Kuningan Merah, Sari, Boko, and Jago) plus six accession from Unitri and Brawijaya University collections (BIS OP-61-OP-22 , 73-6 / 2, 73 OP-8, BIS OP-61, 73 OP-5, and BIS OP-61-♀-29). The biochar dose used was B0 (0 t / ha) and B1 (5 t / ha). The experimental unit is measuring 5 m x 0.6 m, consisting of single row and planted with a spacing of 25 cm in row or 20 cuttings/row). The storage root numbers, storage root weight, % dry matter, Harvest Index (HI) and yields estimation are ditermined. The results showed that sweet potato cultivars gave a significant response to biochar application on fresh storage root weight, dry storage root weight, biomass dry weight, HI and storage root yields, but no interaction between cultivars and biochar doses. Storage root yield range of 8 - 21 t / ha without biochar and 10 - 23 t / ha with biochar 5 t / ha, except for Beta 1 and Boko. The use of biochar of 5 t / ha can increase storage root yields ranging from 8 - 45%.

scholarly journals (106) Improved Root Growth of Corkbark Fir and Pinyon Pine Seedlings Grown in a Gravel Bed

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050A-1050
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Mary W. George
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinyon Pine

Seedlings of several conifer species can be difficult to transplant, with the problem often related to poor root regeneration. The objective of this study was to determine if corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa arizonica) seedlings or pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) seedlings would produce more root growth when grown in a Missouri gravel bed growing system compared to field soil. The 3–0 fir seedlings and 4–0 pine seedlings were planted in a gravel bed in mid-April. The gravel bed was 3 m × 3.7 m and was filled with a mixture of 60% pea gravel (1 cm minus), 30% Turface®, and 10% silica sand (by volume). A field bed 3 m × 3.7 m in size was also prepared. Fir seedlings were harvested in September and October, but pinyon pine seedlings were harvested only in October due to their poor transplant survival. Plant heights, stem diameters, and root volumes, as well as root and shoot dry weights, were determined at harvest. Of all the measured growth parameters for both species, only root dry weights and root volumes were significantly different. In particular, fir seedlings grown in the gravel bed produced at least 30% more root dry weight and 74% more root volume than those planted in field soil whether plants were harvested in September or October. Likewise, pine seedlings grown in gravel produced at least 37% more root dry weight and 86% more root volume than those grown in soil. In addition, only 10.6% of the pine seedlings planted in soil survived transplanting, but 23.3% of those grown in the gravel bed survived. This study demonstrated that corkbark fir and pinyon pine seedlings grown in a gravel bed produced larger root systems than those planted into field soil, and the gravel bed also improved pinyon pine seedling survival after transplanting.

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