First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Parasitizing Roses in Ethiopia

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in temperate regions. This nematode has a wide host range with more than 500 plant taxa including roses. In Ethiopia, rose production has developed over the past 10 years to the second most important export market after coffee. Considering the high damage potential of M. hapla, infestation of roses in Ethiopia with this nematode could result in major economic losses. Therefore, awareness of this nematode species is extremely important. During two surveys conducted in August 2011 and April 2012, M. hapla was detected in soil samples from six out of nine rose producing farms located in the districts of Ziway, Holleta, Sebeta, and Menagesha. At infested farms, rose plants appeared stunted and less productive and often showed symptoms of chlorosis and wilting. Identification was based on morphological and morphometrical characters of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, which were all within the range of variability known for this species (4). Shape of juvenile stylet knobs, shape of male head, and perennial pattern of the females with characteristic punctuations between the anus and tail terminus were also typical for M. hapla. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene following amplification with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTT-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (1). PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Macrogene sequencing facility service (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ645427 to 33). The sequences were compared with previously published sequences in NCBI database and showed 96 to 100% sequence similarity with M. hapla accession nos. GQ130139, DQ328685, KF430798, and DQ145641. Unfortunately, comparison of sequences did not provide further information about the origin of this Ethiopian population, if it is native to Ethiopia or was imported with infected plant material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of M. hapla occurring in Ethiopia. M. hapla is known as a serious pest of roses in colder climate regions. In Africa, it was previously reported from Tanzania (3) and South Africa (2). Thus, it appears that this species has now become also established in Ethiopia at higher altitudes (1,400 to 2,100 m above sea level) within the urban hinterland of Addis Ababa. References: (1) Baldwin et al. Mol. Phy. Evol. 8:248, 1887. (2) J. H. O'Bannon. Institute Agri. Res. 29, 1975. (3) E. Onkendi and L. N. Moleleki. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 136:1, 2013. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.31:263, 1968.

Download Full-text

Rapid and visual detection of Meloidogyne hapla using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1345-re ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Song ◽

Xiai Yang ◽

Xiaowei Zhang ◽

Mingbao Luan ◽

Bing Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Detection ◽

Lateral Flow ◽

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Lateral Flow Dipstick ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a biotrophic parasite that infects many crops and causes severe economic losses worldwide. Rapid and accurate detection of M. hapla is crucial for disease forecasting and control. We developed a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for rapid detection of M. hapla. The primers and a probe were designed based on the effector gene 16D10 sequence and were highly specific to M. hapla. The RPA reaction was performed at a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 45°C within 5 to 25 min, and the amplicon was visualized directly on the LFD within 5 min. The detection limits of the RPA-LFD assay were 10-3 female and 10-2 J2/0.5 g of soil, which was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. In addition, the RPA-LFD assay can detect M. hapla from infested plant roots and soil samples, and the entire detection process can be completed within 1.5 h. These results indicate that the RPA-LFD assay is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive, and visual method that can be used for rapid detection of M. hapla in the field and in resource-limited conditions.

Download Full-text

Candidate genes underlying the quantitative trait loci for root-knot nematode resistance in a Cucumis hystrix introgression line of cucumber based on population sequencing

Journal of Plant Research ◽

10.1007/s10265-019-01147-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 813-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chunyan Cheng ◽

Xing Wang ◽

Xuejiao Liu ◽

Shuqiong Yang ◽

Xiaqing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Introgression Line ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Cucumis Hystrix ◽

Ultrahigh Density ◽

Bin Map

Abstract The southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, is one of most destructive species of plant parasitic nematodes, causing significant economic losses to numerous crops including cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 2n = 14). No commercial cultivar is currently available with resistance to RKN, severely hindering the genetic improvement of RKN resistance in cucumber. An introgression line, IL10-1, derived from the interspecific hybridization between the wild species Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 24, HH) and cucumber, was identified with resistance to RKN. In this study, an ultrahigh-density genetic linkage bin-map, composed of high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was constructed based on low-coverage sequences of the F2:6 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between inbred line IL10-1 and cultivar ‘Beijingjietou’ CC3 (hereinafter referred to as CC3). Three QTLs were identified accounting for 13.36% (qRKN1-1), 9.07% and 9.58% (qRKN5-1 and qRKN5-2) of the resistance variation, respectively. Finally, four genes with nonsynonymous SNPs from chromosome 5 were speculated to be the candidate RKN-resistant related genes, with annotation involved in disease resistance. Though several gaps still exist on the bin-map, our results could potentially be used in breeding programs and establish an understanding of the associated mechanisms underlying RKN resistance in cucumber.

Download Full-text

Occurrence of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.98b ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 98-98

Author(s):

M. Zouhar ◽

P. Rysanek ◽

B. Tesarova

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Causal Organism ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Past ◽

Polymerase Chain

Meloidogyne hapla was detected in several commercial vegetable fields in the Province of Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Crops grown in the area of infestation include leek, onion, cauliflower, early potatoes, and carrot. During the past 2 to 3 years, growers have observed typical symptoms of Meloidogyne infection as stunting and galls on roots of carrot. Identification of the causal organism was based on microscopic observation of the perineal patterns of females obtained from root galls and polymerase chain reaction (1,2). Known isolates of M. chitwoodi, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. fallax from M. Phillips (SCRI, Dundee) and C. Zijlstra (PRI, Wageningen), and M. hapla from M. Liskova (PI, Kosice) were used as controls. M. hapla was identified in galled roots using both methods. Several fields with carrots were inspected in the area during vegetation in 2000 and 2001. In most fields, only isolated and limited outbreaks occurred, but recently, we observed a widespread and fairly homogeneous occurrence of root knot attributed to M. hapla in a 2-ha field. This nematode may become a more widespread and damaging pest, especially of carrot, in the Czech Republic. Other than carrot, vegetable crops grown in the area and tested in the greenhouse and field in soil highly infested by our isolates of M. hapla had no visible symptoms of infection. Therefore, exclusion of carrot cultivation or a longer crop rotation is recommended to minimize economic losses to growers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of M. hapla in the Czech Republic. References: (1) T. S. Harris et al. J. Nematol. 22:518, 1990. (2) C. Zijlstra et al. Genetics 85:1231, 1995.

Download Full-text

Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72197 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

Sirpa Kurppa

Keyword(s):

Infected Plant ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

De Man ◽

Ditylenchus Destructor

Injurious nematodes were found in 201 of the investigated 670 plant stocks of 42 imported consignments. Infections by quarantine nematodes appeared in 100 stocks of 26 consignments, 15 there of including 3 or more infected plant stocks each. Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., appeared in 81 stocks, i.e. 12 % of the investigated material. The infections were found in 40 plant species, relatively often in barberry, Berberis sp., and in peony, Paeonia sp.. Among garden roses, 26 out of 167 stocks investigated were infected by root knot nematodes. Root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa, of P. convallariae Seinhorst was found in 28 plant stocks, i.e. 4 % of the investigated material. Several Pratylenchus-infected stocks were found among roses, raspberry and barberry. Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, was found in one rose stock and related D. myceliophagus J. B. Goodey in 12 stocks of various plants. Several ectoparasitic species were found in very low numbers. Virus vectors, Trichodorus primitivus (de Man) Micoletzky and T. viruliferus Hooper, were detected in a total of four stocks, but too few for virus transmission tests. The transmissability ofthe detected nematodes was discussed, and the risks of introduction of nematode pests to the country was re-assessed.

Download Full-text

Nematodes associated with andean papaya (Carica pubescens L.) in Sandia, Puno, Peru

Enero-Abril 2021 - Bioagro ◽

10.51372/bioagro333.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 191-202

Author(s):

Grover Cornejo-Condori ◽

Israel Lima-Medina ◽

Rosario Bravo-Portocarrero ◽

Karen Barzola-Tito ◽

Victor Casa-Coila

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Solution ◽

Management Plan ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Fluctuation Method ◽

Carica Pubescens

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause 14 % of annual losses in different crops in the world and there are more than 35 genera of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of the papaya crop (Carica spp.), being the most important the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp). The present study aimed to carry out the morphological identification of the genera of nematodes associated with the cultivation of Andean papaya (Carica pubescens), in Sandia district, Puno, Perú. One-hundred and fifty-five soil and roots samples from eight communities were evaluated. The samples were processed by the centrifugal fluctuation method in sucrose solution and subsequent identification of the nematodes at the genus level, using the dichotomous key of Mai and Mullin. We found the genus Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Apelenchus, Dorilaymus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Mononchus, Discocriconemella, Trichodorus and other unidentified free-living nematodes. This information may allow the design of an integrated nematode management plan in Andean papaya crops.

Download Full-text

New Insights on the Role of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Controlling the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 603 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul Dahlin ◽

Johannes Hallmann

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Brassicaceae Species ◽

The Right

Biofumigation, although a well-known method, is still controversially debated as a management strategy for plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Its controlling effect is attributed to the production of isothiocyanates (ITCs) following the action of myrosinase on glucosinolates (GSLs). Different ITCs are formed from different GSLs, depending on the plant species. To better understand the potential of ITCs, eight cultivars from three Brassicaceae species were investigated as biofumigation crops to control the root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Since results were inconsistent, the nematicidal effect of selected ITCs were further evaluated in vitro. Based on its nematicidal potential, allyl ITC (AITC) was specifically investigated under different soil:sand compositions. A significantly lower nematicidal activity was observed in soil compared to sand. AITC was also evaluated as an additive to the biofumigation in a greenhouse trial. Its supplementation to the biofumigation process with Brassica juncea cv. Terrafit controlled M. hapla, while no control was observed using Raphanus sativus cv. Defender. Thus, the success of biofumigation seems to be strongly dependent on the soil characteristics and the ITC produced during the biofumigation process. Therefore, the supplementation of AITC in combination with the right cover crop can improve the biofumigation process to control M. hapla.

Download Full-text

Development of a Species-Specific PCR for Detection and Quantification of Meloidogyne hapla in Soil Using the 16D10 Root-Knot Nematode Effector Gene

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-18-1539-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 1902-1909

Author(s):

Adrienne M. Gorny ◽

Xiaohong Wang ◽

Frank S. Hay ◽

Sarah J. Pethybridge

Keyword(s):

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Soil Extracts ◽

Effector Gene ◽

Effector Genes ◽

Plant Parasitic ◽

Detection And Quantification

The Northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) is an important soilborne pathogen of numerous agricultural crops in temperate regions. Accurate detection and quantification is vital to supporting informed pest management decisions. However, traditional methods of manual nematode extraction and morphology-based identification are time-consuming and require highly specialized training. Molecular methods may expand the diagnostician’s toolkit beyond those methods that rely on this disappearing specialized skillset. However, molecular assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer region may lead to inaccurate results because of intraspecific variability. The Meloidogyne spp. effector gene 16D10 was assessed as a target for a SYBR Green I quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection and quantification of M. hapla. M. hapla-specific qPCR primers were developed and evaluated for specificity against five M. hapla isolates and 14 other plant-parasitic nematodes. A standard curve was generated by relating the quantification cycle (Cq) to the log of M. hapla population densities artificially introduced into soil. The influence of soil inhibitors on quantitative amplification was assessed by generating a dilution series from DNA extracted from pure nematode cultures and inoculated soil. Extracts from soil produced significantly higher Cq values than those produced from pure culture extracts. The utility of the qPCR was evaluated using soil samples collected from three naturally infested potato fields, resulting in a significant positive relationship between populations estimated using qPCR and populations derived from manual counting. The qPCR developed in this study provides a useful method for detecting and quantifying M. hapla in soil and demonstrates the utility of effector genes in plant-parasitic nematode diagnostics. The ability to use effector genes as targets for qPCR and other molecular detection and quantification methods may open additional avenues of novel research and support development of improved species-level diagnostics.

Download Full-text

Bacteria isolated from the cuticle of plant-parasitic nematodes attached to and antagonized the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-47942-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Olivera Topalović ◽

Ahmed Elhady ◽

Johannes Hallmann ◽

Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler ◽

Holger Heuer

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Plant Parasitic

Download Full-text

Plant parasitic nematodes and their management in the Maritime provinces of Canada

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/705982ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Kimpinski ◽

L.S. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Maritime Provinces ◽

Management Procedures ◽

The Impact ◽

Plant Parasitic

This paper presents a review of the plant parasitic nematodes that are of concern in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince-Edward-Island, and the approaches used to manage them. The root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) is the only nematode species in the region that regularly reduces crop yields. The northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) occasionally causes damage to carrots (Daucus carota), but population levels of this nematode species usually are very low. The clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) is widespread, but has not caused any damage to crops in the region. Management procedures used to reduce the impact of plant parasitic nematodes in the Maritime provinces, e.g. crop rotations, nematicide treatments, enforcement of quarantine regulations, and tillage practices are discussed. A nematode advisory service is also considered.

Download Full-text