Nematodes associated with andean papaya (Carica pubescens L.) in Sandia, Puno, Peru

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause 14 % of annual losses in different crops in the world and there are more than 35 genera of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of the papaya crop (Carica spp.), being the most important the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp). The present study aimed to carry out the morphological identification of the genera of nematodes associated with the cultivation of Andean papaya (Carica pubescens), in Sandia district, Puno, Perú. One-hundred and fifty-five soil and roots samples from eight communities were evaluated. The samples were processed by the centrifugal fluctuation method in sucrose solution and subsequent identification of the nematodes at the genus level, using the dichotomous key of Mai and Mullin. We found the genus Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Apelenchus, Dorilaymus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Mononchus, Discocriconemella, Trichodorus and other unidentified free-living nematodes. This information may allow the design of an integrated nematode management plan in Andean papaya crops.

Evaluación de efecto antibacteriano in vitro de la harina de látex de Carica pubenscens en Escherichia coli y Salmonella typhimurium

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto antibacteriano <em>in vitro </em>del látex de la papaya silvestre <em>(Carica pubescens) </em>en <em>Escherichia coli </em>y <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>, para esto se colectaron muestras de heces de cuyes con presencia de diarreas de la granja PROALCUY. Los ensayos fueron realizados en el Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias de Animales Domésticos de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), con tres tratamientos y un grupo testigo, cada una con 4 repeticiones, se usaron concentraciones de 0, 20, 40 y 60% del látex de papaya silvestre. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados por análisis de varianza (Diseño Completamente al Azar) y comparación de medidas Tukey con un nivel de significancia del 0,05. El efecto antibacteriano frente a <em>Escherichia coli </em>presento un tamaño de halo de 6 mm en todos los tratamientos mientras que en la <em>Salmonella typhimurium </em>6, 6, 10,75 y 11,25 mm para las concentraciones 0, 20, 40 y 60% de la harina de látex de papaya silvestre, respectivamente, evidenciando que el látex de papaya silvestre no tiene efecto antibacteriano frente a <em>Salmonella typhimurium </em>y <em>Escherichia coli</em>.</p>

Analisis Pendapatan Industri Rumah Tangga Pengolahan Manisan Carica( Carica pubescens) Di Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pendapatan, kelayakan dan mengetahui pengaruh biaya sarana produksi (buah carica, bahan pendukung dan tenaga kerja) terhadap penerimaan usaha manisan carica. Penelitian di lakukan di Industri Rumah Tangga Manisan Carica Di kecamatan Kejajar kabupaten Wonosobo, pada bulan Maret-April 2018. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan deskriptif analisis dan metode expost facto atau data yang berlangsung. Sampel diambil dengan metode sensus atau seluruh pelaku usaha manisan caricaMetode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu perhitungan penerimaan, pendapatan, RCR, ROI, BEP. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya sarana produksi (buah carica, bahan pendukung(gula, air)dan tenaga kerja) terhadap penerimaan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan penelitian biaya tetap adalah Rp 215.492.44, dan biaya Variabel adalah Rp 9.974.744.09 Jadi biaya totalnya adalah Rp 10.190.236.52 Biaya tetap terdiri dari biaya penyusutan, sedangkan biaya variabel terdiri dari biaya bahan baku Biaya tenaga kerja dan biaya lainnya . Total penerimaan adalah Rp 16.529.354.84 sehingga pendapatannya adalah Rp 6.339.118.32 Manisan Buah Carica memiliki nilai RCR 1.63 yang berarti industri ini layak untuk diusahakan. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda dengan Persamaan Y = 1.269E6 + 0.991 (X1) + 1.386 (X2) + 3.871 (X3) Dengan ketersediaan bahan baku, pemilik industri ini diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan produksinya dan meningkatkan manajemen produk. Kesimpulan : Usaha manisan carica di kecamatan Kejajar kabupaten Wonosobo menguntungkan, layak diusahakan. Kata kunci : Analisis, Pendapatan, Pengolahan manisan Carica

Carica pubescens fruit juice reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus Wistar rats

Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause several complications due to organ dysfunctions. Carica pubescens (CP) is a typical fruit from Dieng Plateau, Indonesia which contains some rutin that is kind of flavonoid. It is well known that flavonoid acts as anti-inflammation and anti-hyperglycemic which is useful for T2DM conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of CP fruit juice on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in rats induced by HFD-STZ, with rutin as a control. The design of this study was a randomized post-test only control group design. A total of twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: K- = normal group; K+ = diabetic group; X1 and X2 = diabetic groups that received CP fruit juice 4 mL/200 g BW/day and 8 mL/200 g BW/day; X3 = diabetic group that received rutin 10 mL/200 g BW/day. The treatments were administered orally for 30 days. TNF-α and FBG levels were measured using ELISA and GOD-PAP method respectively. The results showed that TNF-α and FBG levels were significantly decreased in the treatment groups (X1, X2, X3) compared with the K+ group (p<0,05). Also, there was no significant difference in TNF-α and FBG levels between group X2 and X3, indicating that CP fruit juice 8 mL/200 g BW/day has a similar ability with rutin 10 mg/200 g BW/day. It can be concluded that CP fruit juice can be a recommended fruit juice for a diabetic condition by reducing TNF-α and FBG levels.

Formulasi sabun karika (Carica pubescens) sebagai sabun kecantikan dan kesehatan

Soap is a mixture of sodium compounds with fatty acids that are used as a body cleansing agent, in the form of solid, foam, with or without other additives and does not cause irritation to the skin. To improve quality, bath soap can be given additional ingredients that contain vitamins and various nutrients needed by the skin such as the addition of extracts of karika fruit (Carica pubescens). The purpose of this research is to find out the right formulation in making karika soap. This research used an experimental method with randomized block design (RCBD), consisting of two factorial variations in the concentration of karika juice (0%, 100%, 80%, 60%) and variations in the concentration of NaOH (30%, 35%, and 40% ) so that 12 treatments were obtained each with 3 replications. The process of making soap uses the hot process method. Soap quality analysis is carried out by comparing the results of chemical tests for karika soap with SNI 06-3532-1994 (SNI for solid bath soap), foam stability test, soap hardness, and organoleptic test. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence interval of 5%. If an effect is found on one of the variebel, a further Tukey test is performed. The results showed that the water content, pH, and free alkali did not meet SNI, while the amount of fatty acids and mineral oil was in accordance with SNI, the significant difference between treatments was only in the water content. Karika soap has abundant and stable foam. The higher concentration of karika juice make the lower hardness of the soap. Organoleptic test results showed a low level of preference for panelists on karika soap products. The suggestion from this research is that karika juice can be tried to applied it in the liquid bath.

Uji Antimikroba Daging Buah (Carica pubescens) Matang Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Metode Kirby Bauer Secara In Vitro

Staphylococcus aureus dapat menyebabkan infeksi kulit seperti bisul atau abses dan jerawat. Pengunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat menyebabkan munculnya S. aureus yang resisten terhadap antibiotik karena adanya perubahan genetik. Permasalahan yang disebabkan akibat penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat tersebut menimbulkan upaya eksplorasi senyawa antibakteri yang lebih efektif dengan dampak yang minimal. Salah satu tanaman yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri adalah daging buah karika (Carica pubescens). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara true eksperimental. S. aureus diperoleh dari laboratorium Universitas Airlangga dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan sifat biakan, pewarnaan Gram, uji biokimiawi dan uji gula-gula. Isolat selanjutnya diuji antimikroba terhadap ekstrak daging buah C. pubescens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang tumbuh, dapat memfermentasi plat mannitol salt agar, sel berbentuk bulat bergerombol, bersifat Gram +, dapat memfermentasi maltosa dan laktosa, dapat menkoagulasi plasma kelinci dan bereaksi positif terhadap uji clumping faktor dan uji Voges Proskouer. Pada penelitian ini, hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daging buah Carica pubescens dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% memiliki daya hambat terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Daya hambat terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 60%. Semakin kecil konsentrasi ekstrak C. pubescens, semakin kecil daya hambatnya terhadap S. aureus.