Occurrence of Beet black scorch virus Infecting Sugar Beet in Europe

In a survey of soilborne viruses infecting sugar beet in central Spain, Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) was detected in field grown sugar beets with symptoms of rhizomania disease. BBSV was found in all analyzed sugar beet producing regions from central Spain, as well as in bait plants grown in soils with a history of rhizomania from several Western European countries, thereby constituting the first report of BBSV in Europe. BBSV was transferred to Chenopodium quinoa, where it caused chlorotic local lesions from which virus particles were purified. The nucleotide sequence of the 3′-untranslated region of the genomic RNA was determined for 13 European isolates, and sequences were highly similar to those reported for Chinese and U.S. isolates. Sequence comparisons revealed three clusters of sequences, one including most European isolates, one including one European and two Chinese isolates, and the third including the U.S. isolate. BBSV was detected in a number of samples with rhizomania symptoms in which Beet necrotic yellow vein virus went undetected. However, its role in rhizomania disease in Europe, if any, remains to be established.

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First Report of Beet soilborne virus in Poland

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0112b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 112-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Borodynko ◽

B. Hasiów ◽

H. Pospieszny

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

First Report ◽

Sequence Identity ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Soilborne Viruses

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the casual agent of rhizomania disease, was identified in sugar beet plants from several fields in the Wielkopolska Region of Poland (1). In greenhouse studies, sugar beets were grown in the soil from one of these fields to bait soilborne viruses. Of 200 sugar beet plants, three developed symptoms of vein clearing, vein banding, and mosaic. Crude sap from symptomatic plants was used for mechanical inoculation of various plants species. In Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Tetragonia expansa only local lesions were observed. Electron microscope examination of negatively stained leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic sugar beet plants showed a mixture of rod-shape particles from 70 to 400 nm long. Using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, two symptomatic sugar beet plants gave positive reactions with antiserum against BNYVV (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and a third plant gave a positive reaction with antisera against BNYVV and Beet soilborne virus (BSBV). Total RNA was extracted from roots and leaves of the symptomatic plants and used in a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay. Specific primers were designed to amplify a fragment of the RNA1 for BSBV and RNA2 for BNYVV and Beet virus Q (BVQ) (2). Two mRT-PCR products amplified with the primers specific to BNYVV and BSBV were obtained and sequenced. A 274-nt amplicon sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ012156) had 98% nucleotide sequence identity with the German BNYVV isolate F75 (GenBank Accession No. AF19754) and a 376-nt amplicon sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY999690) had 98% nucleotide and 98% amino acid sequence identity with the German BSBV isolate (GenBank Accession No. Z97873). The Polish BSBV isolate had 88% nucleotide and 62% amino acid sequence identity with BVQ, another pomovirus (GenBank Accession No. AJ 223596 formerly known as serotype Wierthe of BSBV (2). In 2005, mRT-PCR was used on samples collected from two fields of the Wielkopolska Region. Of 15 tested sugar beet plants, 12 gave positive reactions with primers specific for BSBV and nine with primers specific to BNYVV. To our knowledge, this is first report of BSBV in Poland. In Europe, BSBV was previously reported in England, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, France, and Finland (2,3). References: (1) M. Jezewska and J. Piszczek. Phytopathol. Polonica, 21:165, 2001. (2) A. Maunier et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2356, 2003. (3) C. M. Rush and G. B. Heidel. Plant Dis. 79:868, 1995.

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Life History of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder) (Diptera: Otitidae) in Southern Alberta

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent941334-12 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 1334-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. M. Harper

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Beet Root ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Tetanops Myopaeformis ◽

History Of ◽

Sugar Beet Root ◽

Root Maggot

Sugar beets are grown on approximately 38,000 acres of irrigated land in southern Alberta and their culture is a stabilizing influence on the economy of the irrigated districts. The sugar-beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder), has been a pest of sugar heets in the sandy soil areas of southern Alberta since 1955 and caused serious damage in the same area from 1934 to 1937. This insect has been a problem also in Manitoba, North Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado (Allen et al., 1959; Callenbach et al., 1957; Hawley, 1922; Jones et al., 1952; Maxson, 1948). Considerable experimental work has been done on the control of this pest in Alberta (Harper et al., 1961a; Harper et al., 1961b; Lilly et al., 1961), but there have been no detailed studies published on the life history of the insect in Canada and there is very little information from elsewhere. In 1922 Hawley published notes on the biology of the insect in Utah. The present paper describes the life history of T. myopaeformis in southern Alberta.

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First report of Beet virus Q in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.12.1288b ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 1288-1288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Stas ◽

A. Meunier ◽

J.-F. Schmit ◽

C. Bragard

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Polymyxa Betae ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Bait Plants ◽

Soilborne Viruses ◽

Beet Virus Q

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal agent of rhizomania disease on sugar beet, has been reported in Belgium for more than 16 years. Other soilborne viruses belonging to the genus Pomovirus, such as Beet soilborne virus (BSBV) (3) and Beet virus Q (BVQ) (1), are suspected pathogens of sugar beets grown in Belgium. During the 2000 growing season, more than 20 fields showing rhizomania-like and yellowing symptoms on sugar beet leaves were investigated for the presence of BVQ, BNYVV, and BSBV. All samples were checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial BNYVV (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) and BSBV/BVQ (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany - AS-0576 polyclonal, AS-0576/2 MAb) antisera. RNA was extracted from sugar beet rootlets using an RNeasy extraction kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), before performing a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers (5′-GCTGGAGTATATCACCGATGAC-3′ and 5′-AAAATC TCGGATAGCATCCAAC-3′) designed to specifically amplify a 510-bp region of BVQ RNA-1. The presence of BSBV and BNYVV was also checked by RT-PCR using previously described primers (1,2). The BVQ-derived PCR product was sequenced and proved to be more than 99% identical to the Wierthe BVQ isolate nucleotide sequence. Soil transmission of BVQ was demonstrated through a bioassay using soil dilutions with quartz and sugar beet cv. Cadyx as bait. After 6 weeks, BVQ was detected by RT-PCR in bait plants. The putative vector, Polymyxa betae, was identified by lactophenol-cotton blue staining of the roots followed by microscopic examination. BVQ produces irregularly shaped local lesions that appear ≈5 days after mechanical inoculation and tend to spread along veins. BVQ was detected in six fields located in the Polders Region and Brabant Province of Belgium. BVQ was always found in sugar beet samples coinfected with BNYVV and BSBV. The economic significance of BVQ and its interaction with other viruses is not known. References: (1) R. Koenig et al. J. Gen. Virol. 79:2027, 1998. (2) M. Saito et al. Arch. Virol. 141:2163, 1996. (3) M. Verhoyen and M. Van den Bossche. Parasitica. 44:71, 1987.

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CONVISO® SMART – an innovative approach of weed control in sugar beet

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17689 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 517-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Wegener ◽

Natalie Balgheim ◽

Maik Klie ◽

Carsten Stibbe ◽

Bernd Holtschulte

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Global Market ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Innovative System ◽

Bayer Cropscience ◽

Als Inhibitor

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

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Determination of microbiological activity during the processing of frost damaged sugar beets

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si15450 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 228-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maciej Wojtczak ◽

Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽

Edyta Chmal-Fudali ◽

Agnieszka Papiewska

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Microbiological Activity ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Bacterial Metabolites ◽

Kinetics Of

The aim of the study is to evaluate the kinetics of the synthesis of dextran and other bacterial metabolites as markers of microbiological contamination of sugar beet.

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Coat protein and RNAs of Cole latent virus are not present within chloroplasts of Chenopodium quinoa-infected cells

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582003000100012 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 84-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscila Belintani ◽

José O. Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Coat Protein ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Percoll Gradient ◽

Northern Blots ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Particle Aggregates ◽

Infected Cells

Cole latent virus (CoLV), genus Carlavirus, was studied by electron microscopy and biochemical approaches with respect both to the ultrastructure of the Chenopodium quinoa infected cells and to its association with chloroplasts. The CoLV was observed to be present as scattered particles interspersed with membranous vesicles and ribosomes or as dense masses of virus particles. These virus particles reacted by immunolabelling with a polyclonal antibody to CoLV. Morphologically, chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei appeared to be unaltered by virus infection and virus particles were not detected in these organelles. However, virus particle aggregates were frequently associated with the outer membrane of chloroplasts and occasionally with peroxisomes. Chloroplasts were purified by Percoll gradient, and the coat protein and virus-associated RNAs were extracted and analyzed by Western and Northern blots respectively. Coat protein and CoLV-associated RNAs were not detected within this organelle. The results presented in this work indicate that the association CoLV/chloroplasts, observed in the ultrastructural studies, might be a casual event in the host cell, and that the virus does not replicate inside the organelle.

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Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola Isolates to Azoxystrobin

Contemporary Agriculture ◽

10.2478/contagri-2020-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Milijanka Balandžić ◽

Vera Stojšin ◽

Mila Grahovac ◽

Ferenc Bagi ◽

Mladen Petreš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

High Risk ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Cercospora Beticola ◽

Experimental Site ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Qoi Fungicides ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Very High

SummarySugar beet leaf spot, caused by the air-borne fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc., leads to a decrease in sugar beet leaf mass and the consequent regrowth of leaves based on exploiting the sugar reserves stored in the plant’s roots, thus ultimately resulting in lower yields and sugar contents of sugar beets. Azoxystrobin belongs to the group of QoI fungicides, which inhibit mitochondrial respiration by blocking cytochrome c reductase. The QoI fungicides are characterized by a very high risk of resistance interfering with their biological activity. For the purpose of testing the azoxystrobin sensitivity of the Cercospora beticola population found at the site of Rimski Šančevi, a collection of 84 isolates was assembled and tested for sensitivity to azoxystrobin by measuring the mycelial growth on fungicide-amended media with the addition of SHAM. The results obtained indicate that none of the isolates tested exhibited complete sensitivity to azoxystrobin, 4% were found to have reduced sensitivity, 26% were moderately resistant and 70% were highly resistant. A higher proportion of resistant isolates recorded is associated with the loss of azoxystrobin biological efficacy at the experimental site.

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The intensity of mechanical cultivation measures vs. the amount of weed seeds in the soil

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2001.014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 163-173

Author(s):

Marian Wesołowski ◽

Cezary Kwiatkowski

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Species Composition ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Loessial Soil ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Emergence Phase ◽

Weed Removal

The effect of the number of mechanical operations in sugar beets plantation on the amount and species composition of weed seeds in the 0-5 cm deep layer of the loessial soil was studied. It has been proved that reduction in the number of weed seeds depends upon both the frequency of weeding-out operations and the level of agrotechnic. The highest decrease in the number of fruit and weed seeds was caused by eightfold weed removal which took place during the period from emergence phase to the joining of sugar beet rows. Application of increased mineral fertilization, microelements, fungicides, and insecticides caused the number of weed seeds to be reduced by 5,9%, in comparison to extensive agrotechnical level.

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Fertilizer circulation and nitrogen balance in the agrophytocenosis of sugar beet when acidizing typical chernozem (study with 15n)

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213603017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 03017

Author(s):

A.S. Avilov ◽

N.Ya. Shmyreva ◽

A.A. Zavalin ◽

O.A. Sokolov

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Gaseous Nitrogen ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Beet Root ◽

Combined Application ◽

Root Crops

The studies were carried out under the conditions of a microfield experiment on typical chernozem (Belgorod region) with two soils (pH 5.0 and 6.5) with the addition of urea (enriched in 15N, 17.1 at. %) And effluents from a pig-breeding complex (PSC) at doses of 6 and 12 g N/m2 (against the background of phosphate and potash fertilizers, P6K6). The largest amount of nitrogen was consumed by sugar beets with the combined introduction of CCA and urea (25.8 g N/m2). When the soil was acidified to pHsalt 5.0, the consumption of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers decreased by 15-18%, soil ni-trogen – by 21-52%, and waste nitrogen – by 16%. At the same time, the immobilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreased by 13-18%, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds increased by 47-108%. The effluent from the pig-breeding complex increased the immobilization of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers (by 38-46%) and reduced gaseous nitrogen losses (by 22-44%). The highest stability and productivity (root crop yield 1654 g/m2, tops yield 239 g/m2) was exhibited by agrophytocenosis on soil with pH 6.5 with the combined application of CCA and urea. When the soil solution was acid-ified to pH 5.0, the yield of beet root crops decreased by 30% and the yield of tops – by 24%. On soil with pH 5.0, fertilizers increased the sugar content in root crops by 0.2-1.3%, on soil with pH 6.5, they decreased by 1.3-2.0%.

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Improvement of Technological Indicators of Semi-Finished Products of Sugar Production from Bacterially Infected Sugar Beet

Food Processing Techniques and Technology ◽

10.21603/2074-9414-2021-3-458-469 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 458-469

Author(s):

Lubov Belyaeva ◽

Michail Pruzhin ◽

Alla Ostapenko ◽

Valentina Gurova

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Special Role ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Combined Use ◽

Depth Study

Introduction. Technological aids play a special role in sugar production technology, but their complex effectiveness requires a comprehensive and in-depth study. The research objective was to establish the patterns of change in the technological indicators of semi-finished products obtained from bacterially infected sugar beets with the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer. Study objects and methods. The study involved such semi-finished products as juice (diffusion, pre-defecated, first and second saturation) and syrup, the quality of which was determined according to standard methods. The laboratory experiment was carried out on the basis of the second-order D-optimal Box-Behnken plan for three factors at three levels. Results and discussion. The research revealed positive dynamics of the following technological indicators: sucrose content, deposition rate, turbidity, chromaticity, and general purification effect. The sugar beet had the second degree of infection with mucous bacteriosis. Purified juice underwent lime-carbon dioxide purification and thickening under the combination of enzyme preparation Dextrasept 2, antimicrobial agent Betasept, and antifoam agent Voltes FSS 93. The greatest increase in sucrose at the level of 1.1% by DM weight was confirmed by a higher overall effect of purification of diffusion juice (2.2 %). The values of turbidity of the purified juice and syrup were below the threshold values. The low values resulted from the increase in the sedimentation rate of the pre-defective juice and the juice of the first saturation by an average of 4.1 and 3.2 times, respectively, due to the effective removal of high molecular weight compounds. The share of the enzyme preparation was 40–71%, antimicrobial agent – 19–49%, defoamer – 1.6–6.5%. The values of the multicriteria optimization parameter corresponded with technological indicators. The optimal combination (per 1000 tons of beets) included 6–8 kg of Dextrasept 2, 1.5–2.0 kg of Betasept, and 15–20 kg of Voltes FSS 93. As a result, the yield of white sugar increased by 0.25%. Conclusion. The regression dependencies can be recommended for predicting the main technological indicators of semi-finished products. The resulting data makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer in sugar production. Further research will identify the patterns of multifactorial interaction of these preparations.

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