scholarly journals Reoccurrence of Rose Bloom Caused by Exobasidium oxycocci in Cranberry in Massachusetts

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rhopobota Naevana ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
And Control

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) vines (cv. Howes) from a commercial cranberry bed on Nantucket Island displayed typical symptoms of rose bloom disease in June, 1997. The affected area (1.5 × 30.0 m) consisted of less than 1% symptomatic uprights and was not covered by sprinkler heads of the chemigation system. The same area that did not receive insecticides or fungicides was damaged by black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota naevana) feeding during the 1996 growing season. The surface of the leaves on the abnormal branches displayed the typical white, powdery external appearance, which consisted of basidia and basidiospores of the pathogen Exobasidium oxycocci Rostr. ex Shear that were hyaline, fusiform with a slight curvature, and measured 14 to 18 × 2 to 3 μm, matching a previous description (2). Plants showing symptoms had been infected during 1996. Abnormal lateral shoots with swollen pink leaves grew from infected axillary buds on the previous year's wood (3). Cranberry plants were inoculated with basidiospores but symptoms may take longer than 1 year to develop. Rose bloom was formerly a common disease affecting cranberry in Massachusetts and control strategies were addressed in the disease management recommendations sent out by the Cranberry Experiment Station to growers through 1954. Bergman (1) reported that the disease was found almost every year before 1945, but since then there were no serious outbreaks, possibly due to changes in cultural practices. The fungicide ferbam (ferric dithiocarbamate) largely replaced Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide to combat fruit rot in the late 1940s. The disease was not brought in with imported vines from the Pacific Northwest, where the disease is common, because the vines in this bed were planted in 1910. The disease has not been observed in either wild or abandoned cranberry beds that have not received fungicide applications. This is the first report of this disease in Massachusetts in nearly 50 years. References: (1) H. F. Bergman. 1953. Yearbook of Agriculture, p. 792. (2) F. L. Caruso and D. C. Ramsdell, eds. 1995. Compendium of Blueberry and Cranberry Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) C. L. Shear et al. 1931. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 258.

Snag Management on National Forests in the Pacific Northwest—1984

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Evelyn L. Bull ◽  
Jack Ward Thomas ◽  
Kirk Horn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Management Recommendations

Abstract A questionnaire was sent to each Ranger District in the Pacific North-west Region of the USDA Forest Service to get information on present snag-management programs. Ninety-five percent of the responding Ranger Districts left snags at levels that ranged from 0.15 snags/ha (0 06/ac) to 12-15 snags/ha (5-6/ac) on all forested lands. Live trees were intentionally left as future snags on 93% of the Ranger Districts. Live trees were killed to create snags on 41% of the Ranger Districts. Management recommendations are made as to the kind of snags to leave and methods of maintaining them. West. J. Appl. For. 1:41-43, April 1986

scholarly journals Handling power-asymmetry in interactions with infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Demuth
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Discursive Psychology ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Control ◽  
Middle Class Families

Interaction between adults and infants by nature constitutes a strong powerasymmetry relationship. Based on the assumption that communicative practices with infants are inseparably intertwined with broader cultural ideologies of good child care, this paper will contrast how parents in two distinct socio-cultural communities deal with power asymmetry in interactions with 3-months old infants. The study consists of a microanalysis of videotaped free play mother-infant interactions from 20 middle class families in Muenster, Germany and 20 traditional farming Nso families in Kikaikelaki, Cameroon. Analysis followed a discursive psychology approach. The focus of analysis is on how mothers handle and negotiate power-distance in these interactions and what discursive strategies they draw on. Mothers in both groups used various forms of directives and control strategies. The Muenster mothers, however, mainly used mitigated directives that can be seen as strategies to reduce the competence gap between mother and child, while the Nso mothers mainly used upgraded directives to stress the hierarchical discrepancy between mother and child. The different strategies are discussed in light of the prevailing broader cultural ideologies and the normative orientations that they reflect. Finally, the findings are discussed with regard to possible developmental consequences of these distinct cultural practices for the child. Keywords: power-asymmetry; mother-infant interaction; discursive psychology; culture; Nso farmers; Muenster middle class families

Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D Stone ◽  
Joseph A Cook
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Control

Phylogeographic study across codistributed taxa provides temporal and spatial perspectives on the assemblage of communities. A repeated pattern of intraspecific diversification within several taxa of the Pacific Northwest has been documented, and we contribute additional information to this growing data set. We analyzed variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and control region) for the black bear (Ursus americanus) and expand previous analyses of phylogeographic variation. Two lineages (coastal and continental) exist; the coastal lineage extends along the Pacific coast from the Takhin River north of Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, to northern California, whereas the continental lineage is more widespread, occurring from central Alaska to the east coast. Both lineages occur along the coast of southeast Alaska, where interlineage divergence ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% (uncorrected p distances). Multiple lineages of other species have also been identified from southeast Alaska, indicating a complex history for the assembly of biotic communities along the North Pacific coast. The overlapping of the distributions of the black bear lineages with those of other birds and mammals suggests comparable routes of colonization.

scholarly journals Closed Canopies Crowd Out Bats: Planning Artificial Gap Creation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alana Simmons ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Weighted Overlay ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Gap Creation ◽  
Forest Managers

Managed even-aged forest stands often lack small to medium-sized canopy gaps that help to increase habitat diversity and, in turn, wildlife diversity. A large body of literature suggests that this habitat diversity is especially important for bat communities and that bat activity and diversity can be depressed in closed canopy, even-aged stands. Open- and edge-adapted bats have evolved specific wing morphologies and echolocation call structures that make them reliant upon forest gaps as energy efficient foraging grounds in otherwise structurally cluttered forests. Artificial gap creation projects that increase habitat diversity have been implemented to benefit ungulates, and a similar approach could also be applied to support foraging activity of bats in even-aged forests that lack dynamic natural disturbances. However, little consideration has been given to the use of gaps by bats and no comprehensive approach for artificial gap creation for the benefit of bats has been proposed. In response to this lack of guidance for forest managers in the Pacific Northwest region, this document provides a focused review of existing literature regarding bats and gaps. This information was used to create specific management recommendations regarding physical characteristics of gaps and their spatial context on the landscape. To identify ideal locations for gap creation on the ground according to these recommendations, a weighted overlay method is suggested. This document has been written for the use of forest managers throughout the entire Pacific Northwest region. However, the Siuslaw National Forest (NF), a Late-Successional Reserve on the coast of Oregon, was used as a specific case study to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be applied to a specific management unit. The document is broken into the four following chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the Siuslaw NF and briefly describes the forest’s bat community, major vegetation zones, forest succession, disturbance regime, and management. Using previous research from the region as a guide, Chapter 2 provides background information regarding bat biology and ecology and it details the importance of gaps, forest edges, and interior stands as habitat for forest-dwelling bats. Different types of forest gaps common to the Pacific Northwest are discussed including both artificially created and naturally occurring gaps. Chapter 3, again guided by review of existing literature, highlights important gap parameters including physical characteristics and spatial context to promote bat activity as well as provides specific gap management recommendations. Chapter 4 provides an example of how to input management recommendations into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to pinpoint ideal locations for gap creation within a management unit. A weighted overlay analysis, a common GIS tool, was conducted in the Siuslaw NF following the management guidelines, and resulting maps are discussed. The ultimate goal of this document is to provide forest managers in the Pacific Northwest region with the knowledge and planning tools necessary to promote foraging activity of specialized open- and edge-adapted species. While other management units may have different or additional managerial constraints than those of the Siuslaw NF, thIS proposed approach can be easily adapted to meet the varied needs of different forests. By following this approach, forest managers can provide the habitat diversity and complexity necessary to promote high levels of bat activity and diversity within even-aged, closed canopy forests.

Ecology and Control of Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) After Spring Wheat Harvest

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Schillinger
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Salsola Iberica ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Erosion

Russian thistle is the most problematic broadleaf weed for spring-sown crops in the low-precipitation (< 340 mm yr−1) region of the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States. A 6-yr field experiment was conducted at Lind, WA, to evaluate three postharvest control strategies for Russian thistle in continuous annual spring wheat. Postharvest treatments were (1) tillage with low-disturbance overlapping undercutter V-blade sweeps; (2) paraquat + diuron at the labeled rate, which is widely used by farmers; and (3) an untreated check (letting Russian thistle grow unhindered). The undercutter V-sweep consistently killed all Russian thistle with essentially no residue burial, and no seed was produced. In contrast, the paraquat + diuron treatment halted Russian thistle dry biomass production, but plants continued to extract soil water and produce an average of 310 seeds m−2on the lower branches. In the check, Russian thistle produced an average of 700 kg ha−1postharvest dry biomass and 5,670 seeds m−2. The undercutter V-sweep treatment had significantly more water in the 180-cm soil profile at time of wheat harvest, after a killing frost in October, and in mid March as well as greater spring wheat grain yield compared with the herbicide and check treatments. Results show that postharvest tillage with an undercutter V-sweep consistently achieved 100% control, retained ample wheat residue on the surface to control erosion, and was by far the most effective treatment in this experiment.

The Effects of Exogenous Bioregulators and Environment on Regular Cropping of Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 554e-555
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Return Bloom

Use of exogenous bioregulators (“hormones”) to adjust crop load in apple remains challenging to both researchers and producers. These hormones are sensitive to the rate and timing of application, to the physiological status of the tree, the choice of orchard system, variety and rootstock, and a myriad of cultural practices and environmental factors. All classes of plant bioregulators have been used over the past 30 to 40 years as chemical thinning materials. Most of the standard postbloom thinning programs involve application of a synthetic auxin, such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with carbaryl, a commonly used insecticide. The mode of action of these two compounds is not clearly understood. Gibberellins generally have not been effective thinning materials because of the negative impact on return bloom. Ethylene-releasing compounds have been used successfully as postbloom thinning materials. And cytokinins, particularly synthetic sources such as 6-BA, have been shown to effectively thin fruit and to enhance fruit size on many commercial varieties. The rate and timing of 6-BA applications are particularly critical to obtain the desirable thinning and size responses. Overall, these bioregulators are sensitive to temperature. The use of bloom thinning compounds and their efficacy in the Pacific Northwest will be discussed in the context of return bloom.

Corrosion Monitoring and Control in the Pacific Northwest

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve H. Reiber ◽  
John F. Ferguson ◽  
Mark M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals 462 Nursery Management Offered Via Videotape for Place-bound Students

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 473D-473
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
E Mail

Nursery management, a course covering practices involved in production of woody landscape plants, was developed for delivery to place-bound students at distant sites around the state. Course subject matter was divided into 41 modules and involved aspects of site selection, cost accounting, plant propagation, nursery trade associations, licensing, as well as container and field production practices. Each module began and ended with a 1- to 2-min introduction and summary to the subject matter, and these segments were taped on location at nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. The lecture portion of each module was taped in a multimedia classroom, and presentation software was used to present text, slides, drawings and animation. Videotape footage of some cultural practices was also inserted into lectures as a “field trip.” Students in the course also received a lecture note guide for all modules in the course. In Idaho, the videotapes were distributed to education centers around the state. The first time the course was offered, 11 students at distant sites and three time-constrained students on campus enrolled. Students contacted the instructor by phone or e-mail. Homework assignments were sent via FAX or e-mail attachments, and tests were sent to the education centers where proctors gave three exams and a final exam. All tests and homework assignments were graded by the instructor located on campus. A videotaped course in nursery management can adequately convey principles involved in landscape plant production, but logistics of mailing videotapes and grading assignments and tests should be carefully evaluated when deciding if a course should be offered at a distance.

Conflicting Perceptions: Tribal and Regulatory Views of Nature, Risk, and Change

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Winthrop
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Hydroelectric Projects ◽  
Natural Resource Development

As an applied anthropologist, I work on the twin tasks of impact assessment and conflict resolution as these are necessitated by proposals for major construction projects or natural resource development. I run a consulting firm which works with American Indian tribes, federal agencies, and corporations in the Pacific Northwest regarding the design, siting, or permitting of major and often controversial facilities or resource uses: hydroelectric projects, natural gas pipelines, timber sales, nuclear waste storage facilities, and the like. In conjunction with tribal colleagues, I participate in assessing the cultural implications of proposed environmental change. When a conflict exists between tribal cultural practices or values and a proposed project, as is common, we determine whether there are any changes in the design or siting of the project through which both the values of the tribe and the technical/economic requirements of the developer can be accommodated.

scholarly journals Managing Moist Forests of the Pacific Northwest United States for Climate Positive Outcomes

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Fain ◽  
Brian Kittler ◽  
Amira Chowyuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Carbon Storage ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Management Recommendations

The moist forests of the Pacific Northwest United States (PNW) are among the most naturally carbon rich ecoregions in the world. However, regional in-forest carbon storage levels are currently well below ecological potential. Recent climate policy proposals have renewed and deepened debates over forest sector climate strategies. This paper begins with a review of regionally applicable forest carbon life cycle assessments (LCAs) in an effort to provide some clarity around how these studies are conducted, and why their results may vary. The review highlights the importance of assumptions made during carbon accounting across the wood product lifespan and how the inclusion or exclusions of variables, such as product substitution and leakage, influence study results and subsequent management recommendations. Next we discuss the influence of climate change on forest management and planning. We conclude with a review of regional-specific factors to consider when developing optimal forest climate strategies in the moist forests of the PNW. These strategies include, but are not limited to; extending harvest rotations, shelterwood and select tree harvests (in lieu of full harvest), and managing forests for increased structural, age, and species complexity.

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