scholarly journals First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
J. H. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Production System ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Secondary Roots

In a field study evaluating the diversity and density of the soilborne mycobiota in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production system, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich was isolated on potato dextrose agar from dark brown to black lesions on feeder and secondary roots. Multiple proliferations of feeder and secondary roots were also observed. Isolate RB 656 obtained from these lesions was tested for pathogenicity in the greenhouse by mixing 25 ml of 2-week-old cornmeal sand inoculum (3 g of cornmeal, 100 g of sand, and 20 ml of distilled water) with 5 liters of autoclaved soil (Leefield loamy sand, pH 6.2) per pot (40 × 200 cm). Control pots containing autoclaved soil alone were included for comparison. On 17 September, 10 cotton seeds of DPL 90 were sown per pot. Each treatment had five replications. Forty days after planting, plant heights from pots containing M. phaseolina were lower (14.8 cm) than those in the control pots (19.6 cm), but stand counts were similiar. On this date, four plants were left in each pot to allow the remaining seedlings to reach full maturity. On 9 December, the four plants per replicate pot were removed and roots evaluated for damage. Lesions similiar to those seen originally were observed on the secondary and feeder roots of the infested pots, and the characteristic proliferation of feeder and secondary roots was noted. Tap roots in pots containing M. phaseolina were smaller (11.6 cm) than in the control pots (18.6 cm). Isolate RB 656 was reisolated from the damaged roots in the treated pots. This is the first report of M. phaseolina on cotton in Georgia.

scholarly journals First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 on Cotton in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156-1156
Author(s):  
R. Baird ◽  
W. Batson ◽  
D. Carling ◽  
M. Scruggs
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Secondary Roots ◽  
Isolate Identification

During a field study of the soilborne mycobiota on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-7 was isolated from dark brown lesions present on the tap, feeder, and secondary roots onto potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (34 g of medium per liter of distilled water). Isolate identification was confirmed using tester R. solani AG-7 isolates (Carling, University of Alaska) for comparison during anastomosis pairing. To confirm pathogenicity, six AG-7 isolates (65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70) obtained from cotton roots were tested in a plant growth incubator (18–24°C) by mixing 2.5 ml of 2-week-old cornmeal sand inoculum (3 g cornmeal, 100 g sand, and 20 ml distilled water) with 500 ml of autoclaved soil into each of five replicate polystyrene pots (15 cm wide × 20 cm long) per isolate. Five control pots containing noninfested soil were added for comparison. Five seed of cv. Deltapine 50 were sown into each pot. For all six isolates, mean stand counts (ranging from 0 and 1.3 plants per pot) were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared with those of plants in noninfested pots (3.8 plants per pot) at 21 days after planting. Furthermore, when the roots of surviving seedlings were evaluated for disease severity, brown, discolored lesions were observed at the base of stems and on roots in infested pots for all six isolates. Six AG-7 cultures of the pathogen were reisolated from symptomatic tissues onto PDA. The experiment was repeated with similar results. This is the first report of AG-7 occurring in Mississippi.

scholarly journals First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
D. E. Carling
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
First Report

During a study to determine the pathogenic fungi overwintering on dead cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots, two isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 7 (AG-7) were identified. Isolate #213 was obtained from dead roots near Tifton, GA, and isolate #219 was cultured from cotton roots near Midville, GA. Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 was previously reported in Arkansas, Indiana, and Asia (1). Isolates #213 and #219 were tested in the greenhouse for pathogenicity by mixing 25 ml of 2-week-old cornmeal sand inoculum (3 g of cornmeal, 100 g of sand, and 20 ml of distilled water) into 20 × 100 cm pots containing 2.25 liters of sterile soil (Tifton loamy sand, pH 6.1) per pot. Pots with noninfested soil were included as a control. Eight seeds of cotton (Delta and Pineland 90 DPL 90) were sown per pot. Each pot was a replicate and each treatment was replicated five times. At 20 days after planting, plant stands in soil infested with isolate #213 or #219 averaged 2 to 3 or 4 to 5 plants per pot, respectively, while stands in noninfested soil averaged 7 to 8 plants per pot. Brownish colored, sunken lesions were observed on roots, hypocotyles, and cotyledons of plants from pots infested with R. solani AG-7. Isolates #213 and #219 were reisolated from plants grown in their respective treatments. This is the first report of R. solani AG-7 in Georgia. Reference: (1) R. E. Baird et al. Plant Dis. 80:1421, 1996.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds after the thermal delinting process

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Radamés Cabral de França ◽  
Francisco De Assis Cardoso Almeida ◽  
Odilon Reny Ribeiro Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Jeane Ferreira Jerônimo
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cotton Seeds

The removal of lint from cotton seeds is mainly carried out through chemical delinting, but it is an expensive procedure and requires high technology. The objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds delinted by flaming using a thermal delinter prototype. Cotton seeds BRS 286 were flamed in nine settings intensities and compared to chemical delinting and seeds with lint. We analyzed the water content, germination, first count, germination speed index (GSI), length and dry mass of roots and shoots. Using a completely randomized design and the means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In evaluating, the germination percentage did not differ between treatments with chemical and thermal low intensity delinting compared to the control. In vigor tests were observed higher mean values of the chemical treatment to the other treatments, except in GSI test and root dry weight when subjected to thermal delinting of low and medium intensity. The delinting made through the prototype enables efficient results, as well as the chemical delinting with sulfuric acid, without affecting germination and vigor when flamed with low and middle intensity, regardless of the number of active burners.

scholarly journals First Report of Septoria Blight of Parsley Caused by Septoria petroselini in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
The Mediterranean

During December 2001 to March 2002, Septoria blight of parsley was observed in approximately 500 ha of commercial parsley crops in Arsuz County, Hatay, in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Incidence of disease ranged from 42 to 80%. Symptoms included irregularly shaped, grayish brown spots (average 3 to 8 mm diameter) with a slightly darker brown margin of necrotic tissue that developed into tan-to-brown lesions surrounded by chlorotic halo on the leaves. Oval-shaped lesions were observed occasionally on petioles. Lesions contained erumpent, dark brown, flask-shaped pycnidia with the ostiole on the upper surface of the foliage. Thirty samples, consisting of diseased leaves and petioles of parsley, were collected from each field. Infected tissues were surface-sterilized in 1% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water, placed on petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated for 10 to 14 days at 25°C. The fungus formed long, multiseptate (0 to 4), hyaline, filiform conidia (14 to 29 μm × 0.5 to 1.9 μm), and short conidiophores within the pycnidia. Based on the morphological characteristics of the fungus, the pathogen was identified as Septoria petroselini Desm. (1). Monoconidial cultures of 18 isolates were prepared. Pathogenicity was confirmed by brush-inoculating slightly wounded foliage of 5- to 7- week-old parsley plants (cv. Kereviz yapragi) with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml of sterile water) of each isolate of S. petroselini. Control plants that were brush-inoculated with distilled water and inoculated plants were placed in clear polyethylene bags that were closed and incubated at 20°C for 48 h. The bags were removed, and plants were maintained in a dew chamber for 21 days at 65 to 70% relative humidity. Foliar symptoms developed 15 days after inoculation and appeared similar to lesions observed in the field. Yellowing and necrosis of leaves was also observed on >60% of inoculated plants. No lesions developed on the control plants. The pathogen was readily reisolated on PDA from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Septoria blight of parsley in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Reference: (1) R. F. Cerkauskas and J. Uyenaka. Plant Dis. 74:1037, 1990.

scholarly journals PLANTABILIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DE SEMENTES DE ALGODÃO COM DIFERENTES CONJUNTOS DISCO-ANEL EM DOSADOR MECÂNICO

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
Aldir Carpes Marques Filho ◽  
Luiz Henrique Rusconi ◽  
Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Tire Testing ◽  
Testing Center ◽  
Selection Of

PLANTABILIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DE SEMENTES DE ALGODÃO COM DIFERENTES CONJUNTOS DISCO-ANEL EM DOSADOR MECÂNICO   ALDIR CARPES MARQUES FILHO1, LUIZ HENRIQUE MENCK RUSCONI1, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA1   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP/Botucatu, av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil) [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]   RESUMO: A tecnologia em semeadura ou “plantabilidade” é um tema bastante abordado na atualidade e representa a adoção de boas práticas na implantação de lavouras agrícolas. Entre diversos fatores que afetam a qualidade de semeadura está a escolha do conjunto disco e anel dosadores de sementes, como fator de interferência direta na distribuição longitudinal das plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a interferência da aplicação de dois conjuntos disco-anel de tamanhos diferentes na distribuição longitudinal das sementes na cultura do algodão. O ensaio foi realizado em sistema simulador de semeadura, pertencente ao Núcleo de Ensaios de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais, no Grupo de Plantio Direto (GPD) da UNESP/Botucatu. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram que a seleção adequada do conjunto disco-anel afeta a qualidade da semeadura, sendo que o tratamento T2 apresentou acréscimo de 5% nas falhas e redução de 1% em espaçamentos aceitáveis para a cultura do algodão em semeadura mecânica, assim o percentual de falhas representou um total de 5500 falhas de deposição na lavoura por cada hectare de cultivo. Recomenda-se o uso do conjunto disco-anel T1 (6mm) por ter apresentado os melhores resultados para a variedade de sementes utilizada no experimento.   Palavras-chave: mecanização, tecnologia em semeadura, Gossypium hirsutum L.   PLANTABILITY AND LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF COTTON SEEDS WITH DIFERENTS DISC - RING SET IN MECHANICAL DOSER   ABSTRACT: Sowing technology, or “Plantability” is a topic that is widely discussed today and represents the adoption of good practices in the implantation of agricultural crops. Among several factors that affect the quality of planting, the choice of the disc/ring set directly interferes in the longitudinal distribution of plants. This work aimed to evaluate the interference of the application of two disc / ring sets of different sizes in the longitudinal distribution of seeds in cotton crop. Test carried out in a sowing simulator system belonging to the Agroforestry Machinery and Tire Testing Center and the no tillage group (GPD), UNESP/Botucatu. The results of our research showed that the correct selection of the disk-ring set affects the quality of the sowing, and the T2 treatment showed an increase of 5% in the failures and a reduction of 1% in acceptable spacing for the cotton culture in mechanical sowing, as well as the percentage of failures represented 5500 failures of deposition in the field for each hectare of cultivation. It is recommended to use the T1 disk-ring set (6mm) as it has shown the best results for the variety of seeds used in the experiment.   Keywords: mechanization, sowing technology, Gossypium hirsutum L

scholarly journals Diversity of seed borne fungi associated with fourteen varieties of storage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
A Khatun ◽  
S Shamsi ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Fungal Association ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Present paper deals with the occurrence and diversity of fungi on storage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds. 24 species of the fungi were found associated with the seeds of 14 varieties of cotton after 10 months of storage. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger (Type 1 and Type 2) Van Tiegh, A. ochraceus K. Wilhelm, A. nidulans Eidam, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, C. gossypii Southw., Chaetomium globosum Kunze., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L., Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2 Link, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Rhizomucor Lucet & Costantin, Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. The association of fungi with cotton seeds was recorded within two months of harvest, after 6 and 10 months of storage. The association of fungi varied with duration of storage periods. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium sp.1 and Rhizopus stolonifer were found in all the examined varieties. These were the most predominant fungi in terms of prevalence with the increase of storage periods. The fungal association with the seeds of cotton also affected the germination, seedling mortality, height and vigor. The total association of fungi in cotton seeds was the highest in cotton variety CB10 (204) and the lowest in CB8 (71). On the other hand, the total fungal association of Rhizopus stolonifer was the highest (337) and Colletotrichum gossypii was the lowest (1). J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 43-52

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Antibroadleaf Herbicides on Fat Content in Seeds of Various Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Barakova ◽  
Grozi Delchev ◽  
Neli Valkova
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
First Time

In this study was investigate the effect of vegetative treatment with the herbicides Basagran 480 SL, Pulsar 40 and Express 50 WG on the fat content of seeds of different Bulgarian cotton cultivars. The experiment was carried out with twelve Bulgarian cotton cultivars - Chirpan-539, Helius, Trakia, Vicky, Philipopolis, IPK-Veno, Boyana, Avangard, Natalia, Darmy, Dorina and Nelina belonging to Gossypium hirsutum L. For the first time in the world, cotton cultivars resistant to herbicides Basagran 480 SL (bentazone), Pulsar 40 (imazamox) and Express 50 WG (Tribenuron-methyl) have been established. They are applied at the bud formation stage of cotton. Fat content in cotton seeds was determined by extraction - SR ISO 6492. For the first time in the world it has been established that in the vegetative treatment with herbicides the most valuable with regard to cottonseed fat content are all cultivars treated with Basagran 480 SL, except Chirpan-539 and Helius. It has been established for the first time that from the point of view of growing technology with vegetative treatment with the herbicide Express 50 WG, the most valuable are the cultivars Chirpan-539, Helius, Trakia, Vicky, Philipopolis, IPK-Veno, Boyana, Avangard, Natalia. None of the cultivars is highly rated when treated with the herbicide Pulsar 40 with regard to fat content in seeds.

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