scholarly journals First Occurrence of Puccinia lagenophorae Causing Rust Disease on Common Groundsel in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scholler ◽  
Arthur Herbaria ◽  
Kriebel Herbaria ◽  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Common Groundsel

Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris, Asteraceae) is native to Europe and is now a common weed mainly in disturbed habitats of almost worldwide distribution. In November 2000, groundsel plants growing adjacent to lettuce fields in California's coastal Salinas Valley (Monterey County) showed symptoms of rust. In a 0.2-ha survey area, 75% of the plants were infected. Examination of weeds growing in four residential blocks also uncovered infected groundsel. Densely clustered, orange aecia were observed on leaves and stems. Stems were swollen where aecia had formed. Blossom and fruit formation was not notably reduced, although some involucral bracts were infected. Aeciospores measured 14 to 18 μm × 12.5 to 15 μm (fresh material). Telia were not found. The pathogen was identified as Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke, a rust fungus that is native to Australia and New Zealand and infects plants of the subfamily Asteroideae (family Asteraceae) (3). P. lagenophorae is an autoecious species forming only repeating aecia (stage I) and telia (stage III). There are six other rusts of Senecio that occur in the United States (1) that readily form aecia but not telia on Senecio spp. When only aecia are observed on Senecio, which is typical for P. lagenophorae (2), the following features can be used to differentiate it from these other species: no pycnia (stage 0) are formed; aecia are formed repeatedly; systemic growth that results in deformation of the host, including formation of galls with dense clusters of aecia on the stem; poorly developed aecial peridium; and aeciospores small, measuring 12.5 to 18.5 μm × 10.0 to 16.0 μm (4). In addition, P. lagenophorae forms aecia even at the end of the year in northern temperate zones, whereas heteroecious species form aecia only in spring and early summer (2). This is the first record of P. lagenophorae in North America. Specimens were deposited in the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University. Outside its native habitat, this fungus has been found in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. There are about 60 known host species of P. lagenophorae (3) including ornamentals such as Bellis perennis, Calendula officinalis, and Senecio cruentus. The pathogen may have been introduced to North America via land from South America through Central America, or by the importation of ornamentals that were either infected with rust or infested with diseased groundsel. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) M. Scholler. Regensb. Myk. Schr. 6:1, 1996. (3) M. Scholler. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105:239, 1998. (4) I. Wilson et al. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 48:501, 1965.

scholarly journals First Occurrence of a Rust Fungus on English Daisy (Bellis perennis) in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
M. Scholler ◽  
Arthur Herbaria ◽  
Kriebel Herbaria
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Common Groundsel

English daisy (Bellis perennis, family Asteraceae) is a flowering plant native to Europe. It is widely used as an ornamental in North America but is also a weed in lawns in the western and eastern United States. In December 2000, plants growing in urban landscapes in Monterey County, CA, were infected with rust. Orange aecia containing aeciospores that measured 14 to 18 × 12.5 to 15 μm developed profusely on leaves. Severely diseased leaves wilted and collapsed. Other spore states (pycnia, uredosori, and telia) were not observed. Based on the size and ornamentation of the aeciospores, reduced white peridium, apperance of the peridial cells, and arrangement of sori, we identified the pathogen as Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke (1,3), a rust fungus native to Australia and New Zealand that since 1960 has been introduced to other continents (2). On English daisy, the disease has been reported only in Australia and Europe (1). The pathogen also occurs on numerous other plants of the subfamily Asteroideae (family Asteraceae) (2). The occurrence of P. lagenophorae on English daisy follows the recent, first-time detection of the same pathogen on common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) in California (3). To test cross infectivity, a spore suspension of a rust isolate from common groundsel was prepared and applied to various ornamental plants known to be hosts of P. lagenophorae. Inoculated plants were kept in a humidity chamber for 48 h, then maintained in a greenhouse. After 9 to 14 days, aecia developed on English daisy, cineraria (S. cruentus), and common groundsel but did not develop on dusty miller (S. cineraria) or pot marigold (Calendula officinalis). In addition, a single telium, surrounded by aecia, was observed on one of the infected English daisy plants. The telium contained two-celled teliospores that measured 31 to 36.5 × 16 to 19 (-22) μm and one-celled mesospores that measured 22 to 34 × 13.5 to 16 μm. At point of attachment, the widths of the stalks measured 7 to 8.5 (-9.5) μm. Some of the spores had surface ridges. The morphological features of the telio- and mesospores agree with those described for P. lagenophorae. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first record of a rust fungus on English daisy in North America. The inoculation experiments indicated that the rusts on English daisy and common groundsel are not biologically separated, casting doubt on the taxonomic concept of Weber et al. (4) that considered the rust on English daisy to be a distinct species, P. distincta McAlpine (although they did not examine type material of either P. lagenophorae or P. distincta). References: (1) M. Scholler. Sydowia 49:174, 1997. (2) M. Scholler. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105:239, 1998. (3) M. Scholler and S. T. Koike. Plant Dis. 85:335, 2001. (4) R. W. S. Weber et al. Mycol. Res. 102:1227, 1998.

A NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF COLEOPHORA FRISCHELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Pilley ◽  
R. A. Trieselmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
St Lawrence River ◽  
Made In

The first record of the occurrence in North America of the white-tipped clover case-moth, Coleophora frischella L., was made in June 1966 when a single adult was taken by Heinemann on Picton Island, N.Y., in the St. Lawrence River (Freeman, personal communication). Independently, Trieselmann collected the larvae from white sweet-clover, Melilotus alba Desr., on 28 July through to 8 August 1966 at many points around Pembroke, Ont. Detailed examinations made at two of the collection points indicated that between 15 and 20% of sweetclover seeds were damaged. Because of its potential economic significance, the authors wish to make the presence of this species known to agricultural entomologists in Canada and the United States.

scholarly journals First Report of Puccinia coronata var. coronata sensu stricto Infecting Alder Buckthorn in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Kenaley ◽  
Geoffrey Ecker ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
First Report

Field symptoms, host distribution, pathogen morphology, and phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated that the rust fungus infecting alder buckthorn in Connecticut is Puccinia coronata var. coronata sensu stricto. To our knowledge, this is the first report and confirmation of P. coronata var. coronata s.s. in the United States. Additional collections from purported aecial and telial hosts of P. coronata var. coronata s.s. are necessary to determine its host range, geographic distribution, and incidence within the United States and elsewhere in North America.

scholarly journals Larva of Nothotrichia shasta Harris & Armitage (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from California, USA, with its phylogenetic and taxonomic implications

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3620 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE A. PARYS ◽  
STEVEN C. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Small Genus

Nothotrichia Flint 1967 is a small genus of infrequently collected microcaddisflies known from Chile and Brazil in South America, Costa Rica in Central America, and the United States in North America. Previously known only from adult specimens, we provide the first description and illustration of a larva in the genus, the larva of N. shasta from California, USA. We provide characters to separate Nothotrichia from other similar genera and an updated key to larval Hydroptilidae modified from that of Wiggins (1996). Larval characters provide additional evidence for the phylogeny and classification of the genus, which we now place tentatively in tribe Ochrotrichiini (subfamily Hydroptilinae).

Albinism in Brazilian common opossums (Didelphis aurita)

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels ◽  
Caroline Reis Araújo ◽  
Renata Hurtado ◽  
Renata C. C. Bhering
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Retinal Pigmentation ◽  
Virginia Opossum ◽  
Didelphis Aurita ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

Abstract Albinism has been sporadically recorded in Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in the United States and Mexico, but records of pigmentation disorders in other Didelphis spp. are rare. The Brazilian common opossum (Didelphis aurita) is a cat-sized nocturnal omnivorous marsupial that inhabits Atlantic and Araucaria forests in South America. A litter of five young Brazilian common opossums was rescued at Espírito Santo state, southeast Brazil, of which two were albinos (one male, one female) and the remaining had normal pigmentation (three males). The two albinos had a complete lack of integumentary and retinal pigmentation, representing the first recorded cases of albinism in this species (and the first record in a Didelphis sp. other than the Virginia opossum).

scholarly journals The concern of Andrey Sheptytsky, the Metropolitan bishop, about Ukrainian Emigrants in North and South America

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Adam Kubasik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century a large group of Galician Ruthenians emigrated to North America and the United States and Canada, South America - mainly to Argentina and Brazil. Sheptytsky visited North America in 1910. He met with Ukrainian Greek Catholic immigrant communities in the United States and Canada. In 1921, he visited the USA and Canada again. In 1922 he arrived to Argentina and Brazil. He did not conduct open political agitation. However, some of his speeches have an anti-Polish character.

scholarly journals First Record of Meloidogyne partityla on Pecan in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nyczepir ◽  
C. C. Reilly ◽  
B. W. Wood ◽  
S. H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Narrow Host Range

In July 2000, tree decline was observed in a commercial pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) orchard in Crisp County, GA. Most affected trees exhibited dead branches in the upper canopy, stunted growth, and feeder roots with small galls and associated egg masses typical of root-knot nematode infection. All declining trees that were examined had root systems infected with a Meloidogyne sp. Efforts to culture the nematode on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Rutgers’) were unsuccessful. Identification of the nematode was determined by two laboratory procedures in March 2001. Female nematodes were teased from fresh pecan root galls of declining trees in Georgia, and identified by determining the esterase phenotype from replicate samples of single females compared with standard root-knot nematode species, including a population of M. partityla (3). Galled roots also were sent to New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, where mitochondrial DNA from specimens was extracted and compared with that from standard root-knot nematode species and known populations of M. partityla (2). Specimens had esterase phenotypes and DNA patterns consistent with M. partityla. Esterase phentoypes were inconsistent with M. incognita and M. arenaria, and DNA patterns were inconsistent with M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla. Specimens at both locations were identified as M. partityla Kleynhans (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. partityla from Georgia and the third report of this nematode outside of South Africa. The first and second report of M. partityla from pecan in the United States occurred in Texas and New Mexico in 1996 and 2001, respectively (3,4). Our inability to culture the M. partityla-GA isolate on tomato substantiates previous experience with this nematode in the United States (3) and is not surprising, since this species has a host range limited to the Juglandaceae. Furthermore, M. partityla may be endemic to North America and not South Africa. It is believed this nematode entered South Africa on pecan seedling roots imported from the United States between 1912 and 1940 (1). The unusually narrow host range may explain why M. partityla has gone unrecognized for so long in the United States compared with the more common Meloidogyne spp. (i.e., M. incognita and M. arenaria) with wider host ranges found in pecan orchards. Determining the distribution of M. partityla within the major pecan-growing regions of Georgia and throughout North America is warranted. References: (1) K. P. N. Kleynhans. Phytophylactica 18:103, 1986. (2) T. O. Powers and T. S. Harris. J. Nematol. 25:1, 1993. (3) J. L. Starr et al. J. Nematol. 28:565, 1996. (4) S. H. Thomas et al. Plant Dis. 85:1030, 2001.

Influence of Age on Serogroup Distribution of Endemic Meningococcal Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
Carol J. Baker ◽  
J. McLeod Griffiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Group B

The age distribution of 126 infants and children with disseminated meningococcal disease hospitalized consecutively in Houston between January 1977 and June 1979, and between January 1981 and June 1981 was analyzed and compared with that in the United States as a whole and to that during outbreaks of group B disease in North America and epidemics of group C disease in South America. Eighty-one (64.3%) isolates from Houston cases were serogroup B and 37 (29.4%) were serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis. Children with serogroup C disease were significantly older than those with group B disease (P = .017). Of the children with serogroup B infections, 33% were less than 12 months of age and 8.6% were less than 3 months of age. Of those with serogroup C disease, only 2.7% were less than 3 months of age and the majority (73%) were more than 2 years of age. These age distributions are similar to those reported for the entire United States during endemic periods. In contrast, focal outbreaks of group B meningococcal infection occurred in populations that were significantly older (0.02 > P < .05). Similarly, epidemic disease in South America due to serogroup C strains also occurred in older children when compared with the occurrence of endemic group C disease in the United States (P = .02).

scholarly journals First Report of Puccinia lagenophorae on Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Bruckart ◽  
A. S. McClay ◽  
S. Hambleton ◽  
R. Tropiano ◽  
G. Hill-Rackette
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Common Groundsel

Rust disease on common groundsel was independently collected from two backyard gardens in Alberta, Canada during 2005, the first on September 11 in Sherwood Park (53.542°N, 113.262°W) and the second on September 18 in Edmonton (53.463°N, 113.593°W). Leaves of each specimen had clusters of orange, cup-shaped aecia, bordered by recurved peridia, the principal macroscopic signs of disease. Infected plants had twisted stems and deformed leaves. Spores of isolates from the two locations were (mean diameter [± s.d.; range]) 14.6 (± 1.4; 11.4 to 18.9) × 12.5 (± 1.1; 9.1 to 16.2) μm, orange, oval or angular, and many had refractive granules (3). Genomic DNA was extracted from small leaf pieces with multiple aecia, and the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rust was sequenced from PCR products. The sequences determined for a representative specimen from each location were identical, including two areas of ambiguity in the ITS1 spacer region. At position 7 were two overlapping peaks (A and C), and near position 130, sequencing failed because of a suspected insertion/deletion in some ITS copies. Difficulties of sequencing through this cytosine-rich area were reported by Littlefield et al. (3). Data from cloned PCR products confirmed the presence of two ITS genotypes in each DNA extract, one identical to a sequence published for Puccinia lagenophorae on Senecio vulgaris from the United Kingdom (GenBank Accession No. AY808060 (2), and the other identical to a sequence from the United States (GenBank Accession No. AY852264) (3). They differ by an A/C transversion at position 7 and an indel, an 8/9 base poly-C run beginning at position 130. Telia and teliospores were not observed in any of the 2005 samples (some collected as late as November) or in the 2006 Edmonton site samples. Identification of the pathogen as P. lagenophorae was based on host plant symptoms (3) and molecular characters. The original source of inoculum for these infections is unknown, but on December 5, 2006, diseased specimens with sporulating aecia were found beneath 45 cm of snow at the Edmonton location, in a garden area that had not been weeded during the summer. There is reported evidence that teliospores are not functional and that P. lagenophorae overwinters on infected plants that develop aecia in the spring (1). Specimens have been deposited at the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (Vouchers PUR N5414–N5417) and the National Mycological Herbarium of Canada, Ottawa, ON (Vouchers DAOM 237844, 237845, 237961, 237962, 237982, and 237990). The two cloned variants of the ITS sequence were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. EF212446 and EF212447). To our knowledge, this is the first report of groundsel rust caused by P. lagenophorae in Canada (G. Barron, personal communication, has images from Guelph in 2004 but no specimens were examined or preserved). Groundsel rust has been found at several locations in the United States (3) and has been reported on more than 60 species in several genera (4). Questions remain about the amount of damage that P. lagenophorae will cause to groundsel in North America and whether it will affect native Senecio species and their relatives. References: (1) J. Frantzen and H. Müller-Schärer. Plant Pathol. 48:483, 1999. (2) B. Henricot and G. Denton. Plant Pathol. 54:242, 2005. (3) L. Littlefield et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 147:35, 2005. (4) M. Scholler. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105:239, 1998.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic evidence of the intercontinental circulation of a Canine distemper virus lineage in the Americas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
July Duque-Valencia ◽  
Norma R. Forero-Muñoz ◽  
Francisco J. Díaz ◽  
Elisabete Martins ◽  
Paola Barato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The South ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Hemagglutinin Gene

Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a multisystem disease in domestic dogs and wild animals, infecting more than 20 carnivore and non-carnivore families and even infecting human cell lines in in vitro conditions. Phylogenetic classification based on the hemagglutinin gene shows 17 lineages with a phylogeographic distribution pattern. In Medellín (Colombia), the lineage South America-3 is considered endemic. Phylogenetic studies conducted in Ecuador using fragment coding for the fusion protein signal peptide (Fsp) characterized a new strain belonging to a different lineage. For understanding the distribution of the South America-3 lineage in the north of the South American continent, we characterized CDV from three Colombian cities (Medellín, Bucaramanga, and Bogotá). Using phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene and the Fsp region, we confirmed the circulation of CDV South America-3 in different areas of Colombia. We also described, for the first time to our knowledge, the circulation of a new lineage in Medellín that presents a group monophyletic with strains previously characterized in dogs in Ecuador and in wildlife and domestic dogs in the United States, for which we propose the name “South America/North America-4” due its intercontinental distribution. In conclusion, our results indicated that there are at least four different CDV lineages circulating in domestic dogs in South America: the Europe/South America-1 lineage circulating in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; the South America-2 lineage restricted to Argentina; the South America-3 lineage, which has only been reported in Colombia; and lastly an intercontinental lineage present in Colombia, Ecuador, and the United States, referred to here as the “South America/North America-4” lineage.

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