Biological Control of Gray Mold with Ulocladium atrum in Annual Strawberry Crops

The efficacy of the fungal antagonist Ulocladium atrum to control gray mold in annual strawberry crops using waiting-bed transplants under field conditions was investigated. Seven field experiments were conducted with strawberry cv. Elsanta during the summer seasons of 1996-99 in the Netherlands. Treatments included untreated controls, fungicide programs, U. atrum spray programs, and crop sanitation. Under low disease pressure, U. atrum spray programs effectively reduced gray mold at harvest in four of seven experiments. Sprays of U. atrum starting at transplanting resulted in better control of gray mold than sprays starting at the beginning of flowering in only one of five experiments. Removal of necrotic leaves did not affect the level of gray mold, which demonstrated that strawberry leaves were not a significant inoculum source for Botrytis cinerea in this annual cropping system. These results suggest that U. atrum can be effective in reducing gray mold in strawberry crops, and further studies on the use of the antagonist in annual systems should consider flowering time as the best period to apply this antagonist.

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SELEÇÃO IN VITRO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS PARA O CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE Botrytis cinerea EM Eucalyptus benthamii

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i1.26265 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Antonio Sbravatti Junior ◽

Celso Garcia Auer ◽

Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽

Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos ◽

Bruno Schultz

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Foliar Pathogens

O Eucalyptus benthamii é uma das principais espécies de eucalipto plantadas na região Sul do Brasil, por sua resistência a geadas e por seu uso na produção florestal de madeira para fins energéticos. Na produção de mudas, uma das principais doenças ocorrentes em viveiros é o mofo-cinzento, causado pelo fungo Botrytis cinerea. Uma das alternativas para o controle dessa doença é o controle biológico com fungos endofíticos, os quais podem competir com os patógenos foliares de mudas de eucalipto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar os fungos endofíticos provenientes de mudas de E. benthamii, identificá-los e selecioná-los para o controle de B. cinerea. Eles foram isolados do interior de tecidos vegetais desinfectados, identificados de acordo com critérios macro e micromorfológicos e classificados a partir de testes de controle biológico in vitro. Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial antagonista dos fungos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. e Trichoderma sp. Nenhum desses fungos causou lesões em mudas de E. benthamii.Palavras-chave: Mofo-cinzento; eucalipto; viveiro.AbstractIn vitro selection of endophytes for biological control of Botrytis cinerea in Eucalyptus benthamii. Eucalyptus benthamii is one of the main eucalypt species planted in Southern Brazil, due to its resistance to frost and its use in the production of forest wood for energy purposes. During the production of seedlings, the main disease occurring in forest nurseries is gray-mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. One alternative for control this disease is biological control with fungal endophytes, which can compete with the foliar pathogens of eucalypt seedlings. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from seedlings of Eucalyptus benthamii, identify and select them for B. cinerea control. These were isolated from the interior of disinfected plant tissues, identified according to macro and micromorphological criteria, and based on tests of biological control in vitro. The results revealed the potential antagonist of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. No fungi caused lesions in E. benthamii seedlings.Keywords: Gray-mold; eucalypt; nursery.

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Use of Fungicides and Biological Controls in the Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus Under Greenhouse and Growth Chamber Conditions

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.493 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 493-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T. C. Reid ◽

M. K. Hausbeck ◽

K. Kizilkaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Control Disease ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Commercial Field

Growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with fungicides and biological control agents, including nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, to test their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies with asparagus seedlings in soil, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22, benomyl, and fludioxonil treatments increased root weight and decreased root disease compared with the infested control when a low level of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum was used. The fungicide fludioxonil limited plant death caused by Fusarium spp. at high inoculum levels, whereas T. harzianum strain T-22 was not effective. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in limiting Fusarium disease on asparagus seedlings in culture tubes, although isolates differed in their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies, no significant differences in plant death were found between asparagus plants growing in media infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum and left untreated, and those treated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum. The efficacy of fungicides and biological control products to control Fusarium crown and root rot under commercial field conditions could not be evaluated due to low disease pressure.

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Biological control of tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea by using Streptomyces spp.

BioControl ◽

10.1007/s10526-017-9825-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 793-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sawai Boukaew ◽

Poonsuk Prasertsan ◽

Claire Troulet ◽

Marc Bardin

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Streptomyces Spp

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Postharvest Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Kiwifruit by Volatiles of [Isabella] Grapes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2004.94.12.1280 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 1280-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Eleni K. Kulakiotu ◽

Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos ◽

Evangelos M. Sfakiotakis

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Biological Action ◽

Disease Development ◽

Vitis Labrusca ◽

In Vivo Experiments

The potential of volatile substances emitted by ‘Isabella’ grapes (Vitis labrusca) to control gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was studied. The closed Mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on B. cinerea growth. In vivo experiments compared the effects of volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes versus volatiles from ‘Roditis’ grapes (V. vinifera) and a B. cinerea control on the growth and disease development of B. cinerea on kiwifruit. The effect of the volatiles on the growth of B. cinerea was tested at various temperatures and times of inoculation after the wounding of kiwifruit, as well as using various weights and developmental stages of the grapes. The ‘Isabella’ volatiles limited the incidence of infection by reducing both the inoculum density and the activity of the pathogen. The weight and developmental stage of the grapes were important in the degree of inhibitory action of the ‘Isabella’ volatiles. The inhibitory action was more pronounced at 21°C irrespective of the inoculation time after wounding. The study shows the potential for successful biological control of B. cinerea on kiwifruit by volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes.

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Biological control of Gray Mold Rot of Perilla Caused by Botrytis cinerea II. Formulation of Antagonistic Bacteria and Its Control Effect

Research in Plant Disease ◽

10.5423/rpd.2002.8.3.184 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 184-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Byung-Ju Moon ◽

Choul-Soung Kim ◽

Ju-Hee Song ◽

Ju-Hee Kim ◽

Jae-Pil Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Control Effect ◽

Gray Mold Rot

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Key factors to inoculate Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/1929 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Álefe Vitorino Borges ◽

Rodrigo Moreira Saraiva ◽

Luiz Antonio Maffia

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Key Factors ◽

Moist Chamber ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Positive Correlation

Studies addressing the biological control of Botrytis cinerea have been unsuccessful because of fails in inoculating tomato plants with the pathogen. With the aim of establishing a methodology for inoculation into stems, experiments were designed to assess: i. the aggressiveness of pathogen isolates; ii. the age at which tomato plants should be inoculated; iii. the susceptibility of tissues at different stem heights; iv. the need for a moist chamber after inoculation; and v. the effectiveness of gelatin regarding inoculum adhesion. Infection with an isolate from tomato plants that was previously inoculated into petioles and then re-isolated was successful. An isolate from strawberry plants was also aggressive, although less than that from tomato plants. Tomato plants close to flowering, at 65 days after sowing, and younger, middle and apical stem portions were more susceptible. There was positive correlation between lesion length and sporulation and between lesion length and broken stems. Lesion length and the percentage of sporulation sites were reduced by using a moist chamber and were not affected by adding gelatin to the inoculum suspension. This methodology has been adopted in studies of B. cinerea in tomato plants showing reproducible results. The obtained results may assist researchers who study the gray mold.

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Biological control of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of rose gray mold disease by antagonistic fungi

International Journal of Pest Management ◽

10.1080/09670874.2020.1807654 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh ◽

Nastaran Jafari

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Antagonistic Fungi

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Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea by Ulocladium atrum in Different Production Systems of Cyclamen

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.569 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 569-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Köhl ◽

M. Gerlagh ◽

G. Grit

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Production Systems ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Growing Season ◽

Heating System ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Green Leaves ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Leaf Rot

Ten experiments in six different commercial greenhouses were conducted to study the effect of spraying conidial suspensions of the saprophytic fungus Ulocladium atrum (1 × 106 conidia per ml) on infection of leaves and flower petioles of cyclamen by Botrytis cinerea (gray mold). The greenhouses represented the range of Dutch growing systems of cyclamen, differing considerably in the arrangement of plants, irrigation system, heating system, and material of pots. Applications of U. atrum suspensions were carried out at 4-week intervals only twice on young plants or were continued during the whole growing season until 4 weeks before plants were marketable. The antagonistic treatments were compared with untreated or water-treated controls and with fungicide applications as applied by growers. After applications of U. atrum at 4-weeks intervals, disease development was significantly reduced in experiments carried out in five different greenhouses. In no case did treatments with fungicides give better control than U. atrum treatments. Two applications of U. atrum resulted in sufficient control when plants were marketed within 60 days after the last application. In one greenhouse with an extremely high disease pressure, neither U. atrum nor fungicide applications controlled leaf rot. In additional experiments, the fate of U. atrum conidia on leaves of cyclamen grown in a system with top-irrigation three times per week was studied during a period of 70 days. The number of conidia per square centimeter of green leaves declined by 50% during the first 10 days of the experiment but remained stable during the following 60 days. The percentage of germinated conidia on green leaves increased during the experiment to approximately 50%. After additional incubation of leaf samples in moist chambers, more than 75% of the conidia had germinated, indicating that viable inoculum was present on leaves during the whole experiment. Artificial necrosis of leaves was induced by removing leaves from the plants. U. atrum colonized these leaves and competed successfully with B. cinerea on such leaves, even when they had been removed 70 days after the U. atrum application. Our results show that U. atrum has the potential to control leaf rot of cyclamen under a broad range of commercial growing conditions.

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Resistance Identification of Tree Peony Cultivars of Different Flowering Time to Gray Mold Pathogen Botrytis cinerea

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13626-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 328-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yuee Tian ◽

Zhiping Che ◽

Di Sun ◽

Yuanyuan Yang ◽

Xiaomin Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Tree Peony ◽

Detached Leaf Assay ◽

Detached Leaf

Tree peonies are valuable ornamental plants and are widely cultivated in China and many other countries. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an increasingly severe disease in Luoyang of China and seriously affects the ornamental value of tree peonies both in the open air and in greenhouses. However, the resistance of different tree peony cultivars to B. cinerea remains unknown. In this study, 15 tree peony cultivars belonging to three different flowering times were evaluated for resistance to B. cinerea by detached leaf assay measure. Results showed that the resistance of early-flowering peonies was stronger than that of later flowering peonies. Moreover, the correlation between flowering time and resistance of tree peonies was extremely significant (P < 0.01). The information obtained in this study can provide theoretical basis both for further exploring the resistance genes of tree peony to B. cinerea and for the prevention and controlling of the gray mold.

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