scholarly journals Ability of an ELISA-Based Seed Health Test to Detect Erwinia stewartii in Maize Seed Treated with Fungicides and Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
C. C. Block ◽  
P. M. Michener ◽  
L. M. Shepherd ◽  
D. C. McGee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Erwinia Stewartii ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

Two sets of experiments were done to examine whether seed-treatment chemicals affected the ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based seed health test to detect Erwinia stewartii. The chemicals evaluated included Actellic, Apron, Captan, Cruiser, Gaucho, Maxim, Poncho, Thiram, and Vitavax in 11 seed-treatment combinations. In one experiment, seed-treatment chemicals were evaluated quantitatively in a critical region of ELISA absorbance values near 0.5 using maize seed that were spiked with uniform quantities of a liquid suspension of E. stewartii. The number of bacteria in each sample was estimated from ELISA absorbance values using standard curves. Log CFU of E. stewartii per sample were not significantly different among the untreated control and the 11 seed treatments compared with Tukey's Studentized Range Test (P = 0.05). Means of log CFU/ml for all treatments were tightly clustered around 5.70 which corresponded to an absorbance value of 0.440 and a bacterial population of about 500,000 CFU/ml. In a second set of experiments, seed treatment chemicals were evaluated based on qualitative decisions that resulted from the ELISA-based seed health test of seed lots of Jubilee and A632 infected with E. stewartii. The number of negative samples was not substantially greater than expected based on binomial probabilities except for samples of Captan/Vitavax-treated A632, which we considered to be a type I error. The mean absorbance values of positive samples ranged from 1.42 to 1.72 for A632 and from 1.51 to 1.91 for Jubilee and did not differ significantly among the seed treatments. There was no consistent evidence from these experiments that fungicide or insecticide seed treatments interfered with the sensitivity of the ELISA or altered low (e.g., 0.5) or high (e.g. 1.4 to 1.9) absorbance values. The ability of the ELISA-based seed health test to detect E. stewartii in maize seed was not affected by these seed treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Category as Affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the Germination of Wheat Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
A Sultana ◽  
AQMB Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Wheat Seeds

An experiment was conducted under in-vitro condition to determine the effect of wheat seed categories such as healthy looking, blackpointed and shriveled as affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the germination of wheat seeds. The work was done in the   laboratory of Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2010-11. The highest prevalence   65%) of B. sorokiniana was recorded in shriveled seeds, (42%) was recorded in blackpointed seeds, and (30%) was associated  with healthy looking seeds. The pathogen was responsible for the highest germination failure (87%) found in the category of   shriveled seeds and then (35%) was found in blackpointed seeds while the healthy looking seeds showed (24%) germination  failure. The result suggests that, the shriveled and blackpointed seed samples must be rejected, and after proper seed health test in an only the healthy looking seeds may be recommended for sowing through proper seed treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11563 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 113 - 116, 2012

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment on seed borne fungi of rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
L Naher ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
S Sheheli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

Farmers of our country are not aware about seed treatment for controlling seed borne fungi. Seeds of 3 rice varieties viz. BR11, BRRI dhan30 and BRRI dhan33 were collected from farmers houses of Gopalpur, Tangail. Three seed treating fungicides viz. vitavax 200 vitavax 200 (0.25%), thiovit (0.25%) and cupravit (0.25%) were used. Collected seed samples were tested by dry inspection and blotter method. The highest and the lowest germination were recorded in seed samples of BRRI dhan30 (90%) and BRRI dhan33 (75%). After seed treatment the highest and the lowest germination were recorded in seed samples of BRRIdhan30, BRRI dhan33 (100) treated by vitavax 200 (0.25%) and BR11 (80%) in control. Seed health test by blotter method revealed seed borne fungi belonging to six genera viz. Bipolarisoryzae (2.5 to 8.53%), Alternariapadwickii (5.3 to 13.35%), Fusariummoniliforme (11.66 to 21.67%), Fusariumoxysporum (1.25 to 4.35%), Curvularialunata (1.95 to 7.5%) and Aspergillusspp (1.75 to 6.54%) were encountered. Bur after seed treatment remarkable improvement viz. Bipolarisoryzae (0.15 to 3.75%), Alternariapadwickii (0.0 to 3.0%), Fusariummoniliforme (2.16 to 5.83%), Fusariumoxysporum (0.0 to 3.0%), Curvulariaunata (0.0 to 2.56%) and Aspergillusspp (0.0 to 1.5%) were encountered. Vitavax 200 was found most effective against the seed borne pathogens of rice. Nowadays, many botanical extracts such as neem, nishinda, garlic, alamonda and biological agent such as Trichoderma also using as seed treating agent and resulted significant higher germination and plant stand, less disease incidence and higher yield of different crops. So, the farmers should treat their seed before sowing in their field and through this technique they will be more benefited.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 48-56, 2016

Evaluation of maize seed treatments for Pratylenchus zeae control

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-670
Author(s):  
Pedro Marcus de Souza Confort ◽  
Mário M. Inomoto
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
The One ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maize (Zea mays) seed treatments for the control of Pratylenchus zeae under glasshouse conditions. Seeds of the maize hybrid DKB390 treated with thiametoxam, thiametoxam + abamectin and imidacloprid + thiodicarb were used as treatments. The treated maize seeds were sown in plastic cups containing soil inoculated with 200 nematodes (juveniles and females). Two of the four experiments that were done were evaluated at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). The first experiment was evaluated 30, 60 and 90 DAS, and the fourth experiment only at 90 DAS. Fresh root mass and total nematodes extracted and counted from roots of each plant were used as the assessment criteria. All seed treatments tested showed a degree of efficacy in reducing the reproduction rates of P. zeae under glasshouse conditions. The imidacloprid + thiodicarb treatment showed consistent results in all replications of all four experiments, often being the one resulting in the lowest P. zeae density. The thiametoxam + abamectin treatment was also effective in reducing nematode numbers and differed significantly from the control treatments for all four experiments. Thiametoxam used on its own as a seed treatment proved to be as effective as the mixture with abamectin in two of the four experiments and does not provide consistent results in terms of reducing P. zeae population levels.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÁSSIO JARDIM TAVARES ◽  
PATRÍCIA CARDOSO FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS ◽  
JULIANA DE FÁTIMA SALES ◽  
OSVALDO RESENDE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.

Implications of new technologies for seed health testing and the worldwide movement of seed

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell A. Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Seedborne Pathogens ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNew techniques for the accurate and feasible detection of many seedborne pathogens have been developed over the last 25 years. These include conducive environmental incubation and identification (many seedborne fungi), liquid plating assay (seedborne bacteria), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (seedborne viruses) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Regardless of the detection methodology, the specificity, sensitivity, reliability, efficiency of the assay and an understanding of pathogen tolerance in a seedlot need to be considered before a technique is an acceptable clinical seed health test. Acceptable seed health tests are tools for disease risk-management and routinely used in seed quality assessment. Seed health issues are increasingly important in international seed trade. With the advent of free trade, many countries are redefining their phytosanitary requirements with the goal of preventing introduction of a devastating pathogen into their country. However, many phytosanitary regulations are implemented without fully understanding the economic threat of a pathogen or a complete scientific analysis of a pathogen's presence in that country. This has led to confusing regulations, unnecessary tests or inspection requirements and unjustified trade barriers. To provide a means to answer scientifically the problems encountered in the worldwide movement of seed, an international movement has emerged to standardize seed health tests and inspection practices for international seed trade. The impact of standardization on the free trade of seed and the goals of the International Seed Health Initiative (ISHI) will be discussed.

scholarly journals Control of Stewart's Wilt in Sweet Corn with Seed Treatment Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
P. M. Michener ◽  
N. D. Freeman ◽  
R. A. Weinzierl ◽  
R. H. Teyker
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Erwinia Stewartii ◽  
Stewart's Wilt

Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays). A seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid, killed flea beetles and reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies. The objective of our research was to evaluate the ability of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments to control Stewart's wilt on sweet corn hybrids under field conditions with naturally occurring populations of the corn flea beetle. Six field trials were planted at four locations in 1998. Eleven field trials were planted at nine locations in 1999. The treatment design was a factorial of sweet corn hybrids and seed treatments. Stewart's wilt incidence ranged from 0 to 54% in the 1998 trials. Incidence of Stewart's wilt in nontreated plots of the susceptible hybrid Jubilee ranged from 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77% 1 week after mid-silk in the 1999 trials. Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls. The level of control was ≈75 to 85% in seven trials planted before 1 June 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 4 to 71%. The level of control was ≈50 to 70% in the three trials planted after 1 July 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 44 to 73%. Although comparisons varied, the level of control gained from seed treatment insecticides was similar to the next higher level of host resistance. Seed treatment insecticides appear to control Stewart's wilt during very early growth of corn plants, when foliar applications of insecticides are ineffective and the effectiveness of host resistance varies depending on the proximity of flea beetle feeding sites to the plant's growing point.

scholarly journals Identification of seed-borne fungi of farmer-saved seeds of pepper and their control with some selected botanicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
E. Gyasi ◽  
C. Kwoseh ◽  
E. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Pepper Seed

A survey was conducted on the source of planting materials and pre-planting seed treatment practice by pepper farmers in Obenemasi and Ofoase-Kokoben communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using a well-structured questionnaire in June, 2011. Seed health test was conducted on 40 farmer-saved pepper seed samples collected from the farmers interviewed using the blotter method in the laboratory. Efficacy of garlic, ginger and neem botanical extracts in managing the seed-borne fungi of pepper seeds was also investigated in this study in-vitro. Results of the questionnaire-based survey indicated that, majority of respondent farmers, about 75% recycled seeds from previous harvest, 20% of respondents also used seeds obtained from friends and 5% obtained their pepper seeds from local markets. Nine genera of fungi including 12 species were identified from the pepper seed samples collected. The three botanical extracts proved effective as Mancozeb in controlling one or more of the test seed-borne fungi. Garlic aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was effective as Mancozeb in controlling Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Ginger aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was also effective against seed-borne Fusarium and Aspergillus spp. whereas aqueous neem extract (60% (w/v)) was effective in controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Control of seed borne fungi on tomato seeds and their management by botanical extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Mehedi ◽  
Afia Sultana ◽  
Md Amanut Ullah Raju
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Different Doses

Seed health test was done in laboratory to determine the status of seed borne fungi on seeds of five tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties viz. Manik, Ratan, Roma VF, Kopotakkho and Monirumpuri and their possible control by using plant extracts. A total of 4 genera of 3 species of fungi were recorded where Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent and predominant seed borne fungus (25.60%). Other three fungal species are Aspergillus sp. of Aspergillus flavus (21.70%) and Aspergillus niger (11.11%) and Cladosporium sp. (13.49%). Tomato seeds were treated with different plant leaf extracts namely Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamanda with different doses viz. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 to control the seed borne fungi. In treated seeds, germination was ranged from 72-82% which was 68% in controlled condition. Among the doses of three botanicals, Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamonda extract @ (1:1 w/v) showed significant performance in controlling seed borne fungi and germination of tomato seeds. Among the three botanicals, Mahogany @ (1:1 w/v) was found the best treatment regarding percent reduction of seed borne infection.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 403-410, December 2016

Smoothing Facilitates the Detection of Coupled Responses in Psychophysiological Time Series

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Kettunen ◽  
Niklas Ravaja ◽  
Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Type I ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Different Response

Abstract We examined the use of smoothing to enhance the detection of response coupling from the activity of different response systems. Three different types of moving average smoothers were applied to both simulated interbeat interval (IBI) and electrodermal activity (EDA) time series and to empirical IBI, EDA, and facial electromyography time series. The results indicated that progressive smoothing increased the efficiency of the detection of response coupling but did not increase the probability of Type I error. The power of the smoothing methods depended on the response characteristics. The benefits and use of the smoothing methods to extract information from psychophysiological time series are discussed.

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