scholarly journals Identification of seed-borne fungi of farmer-saved seeds of pepper and their control with some selected botanicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
E. Gyasi ◽  
C. Kwoseh ◽  
E. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Pepper Seed

A survey was conducted on the source of planting materials and pre-planting seed treatment practice by pepper farmers in Obenemasi and Ofoase-Kokoben communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using a well-structured questionnaire in June, 2011. Seed health test was conducted on 40 farmer-saved pepper seed samples collected from the farmers interviewed using the blotter method in the laboratory. Efficacy of garlic, ginger and neem botanical extracts in managing the seed-borne fungi of pepper seeds was also investigated in this study in-vitro. Results of the questionnaire-based survey indicated that, majority of respondent farmers, about 75% recycled seeds from previous harvest, 20% of respondents also used seeds obtained from friends and 5% obtained their pepper seeds from local markets. Nine genera of fungi including 12 species were identified from the pepper seed samples collected. The three botanical extracts proved effective as Mancozeb in controlling one or more of the test seed-borne fungi. Garlic aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was effective as Mancozeb in controlling Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Ginger aqueous extract (60% (w/v)) was also effective against seed-borne Fusarium and Aspergillus spp. whereas aqueous neem extract (60% (w/v)) was effective in controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Category as Affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the Germination of Wheat Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
A Sultana ◽  
AQMB Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Wheat Seeds

An experiment was conducted under in-vitro condition to determine the effect of wheat seed categories such as healthy looking, blackpointed and shriveled as affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the germination of wheat seeds. The work was done in the   laboratory of Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2010-11. The highest prevalence   65%) of B. sorokiniana was recorded in shriveled seeds, (42%) was recorded in blackpointed seeds, and (30%) was associated  with healthy looking seeds. The pathogen was responsible for the highest germination failure (87%) found in the category of   shriveled seeds and then (35%) was found in blackpointed seeds while the healthy looking seeds showed (24%) germination  failure. The result suggests that, the shriveled and blackpointed seed samples must be rejected, and after proper seed health test in an only the healthy looking seeds may be recommended for sowing through proper seed treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11563 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 113 - 116, 2012

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment on seed borne fungi of rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
L Naher ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
S Sheheli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

Farmers of our country are not aware about seed treatment for controlling seed borne fungi. Seeds of 3 rice varieties viz. BR11, BRRI dhan30 and BRRI dhan33 were collected from farmers houses of Gopalpur, Tangail. Three seed treating fungicides viz. vitavax 200 vitavax 200 (0.25%), thiovit (0.25%) and cupravit (0.25%) were used. Collected seed samples were tested by dry inspection and blotter method. The highest and the lowest germination were recorded in seed samples of BRRI dhan30 (90%) and BRRI dhan33 (75%). After seed treatment the highest and the lowest germination were recorded in seed samples of BRRIdhan30, BRRI dhan33 (100) treated by vitavax 200 (0.25%) and BR11 (80%) in control. Seed health test by blotter method revealed seed borne fungi belonging to six genera viz. Bipolarisoryzae (2.5 to 8.53%), Alternariapadwickii (5.3 to 13.35%), Fusariummoniliforme (11.66 to 21.67%), Fusariumoxysporum (1.25 to 4.35%), Curvularialunata (1.95 to 7.5%) and Aspergillusspp (1.75 to 6.54%) were encountered. Bur after seed treatment remarkable improvement viz. Bipolarisoryzae (0.15 to 3.75%), Alternariapadwickii (0.0 to 3.0%), Fusariummoniliforme (2.16 to 5.83%), Fusariumoxysporum (0.0 to 3.0%), Curvulariaunata (0.0 to 2.56%) and Aspergillusspp (0.0 to 1.5%) were encountered. Vitavax 200 was found most effective against the seed borne pathogens of rice. Nowadays, many botanical extracts such as neem, nishinda, garlic, alamonda and biological agent such as Trichoderma also using as seed treating agent and resulted significant higher germination and plant stand, less disease incidence and higher yield of different crops. So, the farmers should treat their seed before sowing in their field and through this technique they will be more benefited.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 48-56, 2016

scholarly journals Ability of an ELISA-Based Seed Health Test to Detect Erwinia stewartii in Maize Seed Treated with Fungicides and Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
C. C. Block ◽  
P. M. Michener ◽  
L. M. Shepherd ◽  
D. C. McGee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Erwinia Stewartii ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

Two sets of experiments were done to examine whether seed-treatment chemicals affected the ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based seed health test to detect Erwinia stewartii. The chemicals evaluated included Actellic, Apron, Captan, Cruiser, Gaucho, Maxim, Poncho, Thiram, and Vitavax in 11 seed-treatment combinations. In one experiment, seed-treatment chemicals were evaluated quantitatively in a critical region of ELISA absorbance values near 0.5 using maize seed that were spiked with uniform quantities of a liquid suspension of E. stewartii. The number of bacteria in each sample was estimated from ELISA absorbance values using standard curves. Log CFU of E. stewartii per sample were not significantly different among the untreated control and the 11 seed treatments compared with Tukey's Studentized Range Test (P = 0.05). Means of log CFU/ml for all treatments were tightly clustered around 5.70 which corresponded to an absorbance value of 0.440 and a bacterial population of about 500,000 CFU/ml. In a second set of experiments, seed treatment chemicals were evaluated based on qualitative decisions that resulted from the ELISA-based seed health test of seed lots of Jubilee and A632 infected with E. stewartii. The number of negative samples was not substantially greater than expected based on binomial probabilities except for samples of Captan/Vitavax-treated A632, which we considered to be a type I error. The mean absorbance values of positive samples ranged from 1.42 to 1.72 for A632 and from 1.51 to 1.91 for Jubilee and did not differ significantly among the seed treatments. There was no consistent evidence from these experiments that fungicide or insecticide seed treatments interfered with the sensitivity of the ELISA or altered low (e.g., 0.5) or high (e.g. 1.4 to 1.9) absorbance values. The ability of the ELISA-based seed health test to detect E. stewartii in maize seed was not affected by these seed treatments.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÁSSIO JARDIM TAVARES ◽  
PATRÍCIA CARDOSO FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS ◽  
JULIANA DE FÁTIMA SALES ◽  
OSVALDO RESENDE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.

scholarly journals Botanical Extracts as Biofungicides against Fungal Pathogens of Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mui Yun Wong ◽  
Sathyapriya Hamid ◽  
Nor Afifah Iskandar Shah ◽  
Nurul Husna Ab Razak
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Botanical Extracts

Diseases such as blast, brown spot and sheath blight considerably affect the health and productivity of rice worldwide. Chemical fungicides have been routinely used in combating these diseases; however, a safe and environmental-friendly approach using bio-fungicides is desirable in disease management of food crop such as rice. Identification of botanical extracts with antifungal potentials would be instrumental in the development of bio-fungicides. In this study, the antifungal potentials of Andrographis paniculata, Backhousia citriodora, and Phaleria macrocarpa against selected rice fungal pathogens were analysed. Crude extracts obtained from leaves of these plants were diluted to 5, 10, 15, and 20% and tested against Pyricularia oryzae, Exserohilum rostratum, and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro using poisoned agar method. Percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) of each crude leaf extract against test pathogens was calculated. The aqueous extract of A. paniculata showed a significant mycelial inhibitory effect against P. oryzae at 20% concentration (PIDG 81.9%) as compared to other test concentrations and pathogens. On the contrary, the aqueous extract of B. citriodora at 15 and 20% concentrations had little influence on the mycelial growth inhibition on P. oryzae and E. rostratum with PIDG values less than 50%. In addition, P. macrocarpa methanol extracts at concentration of 10% and above significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. oryzae, E. rostratum, and R. solani (PIDG 100%). Phaleria macrocarpa leaf extract had been identified to give the highest efficacy against all three rice pathogens in vitro and therefore, has the potential to be developed into a bio-fungicide as a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides for disease management of rice.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Efficacy of Different Botanical Extract against Leaf Spot of Marry Gold caused by Alternaria alternat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-08
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Botanical Extract

This study was carried out to study the in-vitroefficacy of different botanical extracts against leaf spot of marigold, caused by Alternaria alternata. The results of present study showed that the disease incidence from variouslocations of district HyderabadSindhwas observed Ghangra Mori35%, TandoHyder 30%, Rahooki25%, Moosa Khatyan20%, and Hosri15%.Upper limitdisease occurrencewas observedfrom Ghangra Mori and lower limit sickness was recordedfrom Hosri. The botanicalplantextract ‘Neem’ observed 48, 40and 34mmlinear colony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively, Dhaturaextract observed 75.5, 63 and 57.5mmcolony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Garlic extract observed 49%, 43% and 36% linear colony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Ginger extract observed 50, 43.5and 36.5mmcolony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Minimum linear colony growth of Alternaria alternatawas observed at 6% concentration for Neem extract followed by Garlic extract, Ginger extract and Datura extract, respectivelythe plant infusion, Neeminfusion show good effectoppositelinear colony growth of Alternaria alternataon6% solution

scholarly journals Control of seed borne fungi on tomato seeds and their management by botanical extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Mehedi ◽  
Afia Sultana ◽  
Md Amanut Ullah Raju
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Different Doses

Seed health test was done in laboratory to determine the status of seed borne fungi on seeds of five tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties viz. Manik, Ratan, Roma VF, Kopotakkho and Monirumpuri and their possible control by using plant extracts. A total of 4 genera of 3 species of fungi were recorded where Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent and predominant seed borne fungus (25.60%). Other three fungal species are Aspergillus sp. of Aspergillus flavus (21.70%) and Aspergillus niger (11.11%) and Cladosporium sp. (13.49%). Tomato seeds were treated with different plant leaf extracts namely Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamanda with different doses viz. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 to control the seed borne fungi. In treated seeds, germination was ranged from 72-82% which was 68% in controlled condition. Among the doses of three botanicals, Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamonda extract @ (1:1 w/v) showed significant performance in controlling seed borne fungi and germination of tomato seeds. Among the three botanicals, Mahogany @ (1:1 w/v) was found the best treatment regarding percent reduction of seed borne infection.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 403-410, December 2016

In vitro effect of an aqueous extract of Artocarpus lakoocha on the intestinal parasites in cattle

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saowakon ◽  
P Chaichanasak ◽  
C Wanichanon ◽  
V Reutrakul ◽  
P Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Vitro Effect

RAPID IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF WESTERN GHATS CULTIVAR - COLOCASIA ESCULENTA FOR THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF PLANTLETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi R ◽  
Srinivasa Murthy K M ◽  
Hossein . ◽  
Veena .
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Planting Materials

Colocasia esculenta is commonly known as Taro, it is referred to as cocoyam in Nigeria. They are cherished for their rich taste, nutritional and medicinal properties. Every 100 g of taro corms possess 112 Kcal, 26.46 g carbohydrate, 1.50 g protein, 0.20 g total fat and 4.1g fiber (USDA National Nutrient Data Base). Besides its nutritional value, taro is used as a medical plant and provides bioactive compounds used as an anti-cancer drugs. Traditionally, cocoyams are vegetative propagated from tuber fragments, a practice that encourages pathogen distribution. Colocasia esculenta is a widely distributed food crop in the humid tropics and subtropics. Despite of its wide distribution, Taro plants are commonly infected with DsMV and other pathogens. This virus induces conspicuous mosaic, malformation, dwarfing or feathering on leaves in taro. As the results of infection, it reduces the quality and yield of taro production greatly. This virus is thus considered as a major limiting factor in the production of taro. Here plays the importance of  tissue culture plays a major role in producing the disease resistant plants round the year with high quality. For rapid multiplication and production of quality planting materials, tissue culture technology offers promising alternative compared to the traditional production methods. KEYWORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Virus, Pathogens, Conventional propagation, Micropropagation, Yield, Rapid multiplication, Quality

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