scholarly journals An Additional Threat to ‘Cavendish’ Banana Growers and Traders: The Infection of Banana Peduncles by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Tingting Bai ◽  
Meng Qin ◽  
Xundong Li ◽  
Huacai Fan ◽  
Shengtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Inoculation Assay

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is one of the most destructive banana pathogens worldwide. Until now, it has been generally accepted that Foc TR4 mainly colonizes the roots, rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves of banana plants and spreads among plantations with infected planting material, soil residues, and water. Because banana Fusarium wilt is a typical vascular bundle disease, the pathogen is accepted to possess the ability to enter the peduncle. However, no scientific proof has been presented. Recently, more and more signs of peduncle Foc TR4 in ‘Cavendish’ plants in different banana production provinces of China suggest that further investigations ought to be made regarding fungal colonization. We observed discoloration inside some peduncles from the Foc TR4-infected plants. The fungus isolated from these symptoms was identified using Foc TR4-specific PCR, sequencing, and a host inoculation assay. In a greenhouse bioassay, the Foc TR4 isolates from the peduncle showed the capacity for reinfecting Brazilian plants (Cavendish, AAA) up into the leaves. Collectively, we isolated the Foc TR4 from the peduncle and directly testified that this pathogen can invade the peduncle via xylem vascular bundle.

scholarly journals Effect of in Planta Treatment of ‘Cavendish’ Banana with Herbicides and Fungicides on the Colonisation and Sporulation by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Subtropical Race 4

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Jay Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is a significant constraint to banana production worldwide, with the recent expansion of banana growing regions impacted by Foc Tropical Race 4 (TR4). The lack of commercially acceptable Cavendish cultivars with Foc resistance means the only current means of effective control is through strict quarantine and inoculum management. One method of control that is currently advocated includes the removal of infected plants which have been killed using herbicide injections. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on sporulation of the fungus. In glasshouse studies using a green fluorescent transformed Foc Subtropical Race 4 isolate, we found treatments with herbicide hastened colonisation of the banana tissue and the production of micro- and macroconidia. The use of a fungicide did not prevent sporulation of the fungus in such tissue. This study demonstrates that herbicide treated plants are a source of potential inoculum for infection of nearby plants.

Micropropagated bananas are more susceptible to fusarium wilt than plants grown from conventional material

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Whiley ◽  
C. Searle ◽  
K. G. Pegg ◽  
M. K. Smith ◽  
P. W. Langdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Race 4

The reaction of field-grown micropropagated bananas, Musa cv. Williams (AAA, Cavendish subgroup) and cv. Goldfinger (AAAB, FHIA-01), to subtropical race 4 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) was compared with the reaction of plants grown from conventional planting material (sections of the rhizome, termed bits). Leaf gas exchange of plants was determined, and growth and dry matter accumulation were measured. Comparisons were made among these parameters from shortly after planting, throughout winter, and into spring when a high percentage of the plants started to show external symptoms of fusarium wilt. Micropropagated bananas were significantly more susceptible to race 4 Foc than plants derived from bits. This was irrespective of planting times, cultivars used, or whether the bits had first been established in containers in the glasshouse (as for micropropagated plants) or been planted directly in the field. This greater susceptibility does not appear to be a consequence of differences in maximum photoassimilation rates, greater photoassimilate demand, or lack of carbohydrate reserves once plants became established.

scholarly journals Occurrence and spread of the banana fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altus Viljoen ◽  
Diane Mostert ◽  
Tomas Chiconela ◽  
Ilze Beukes ◽  
Connie Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses a major threat to banana production globally. A variant of Foc that originated in Southeast Asia, called tropical race 4 (TR4), was detected on a Cavendish banana export plantation (Metocheria) in northern Mozambique in 2013. Foc TR4 was rapidly disseminated on the farm, and affected approximately half a million plants within 3 years. The fungus was also detected on a second commercial property approximately 200 km away (Lurio farm) a year later, and on a small-grower’s property near Metocheria farm in 2015. Surveys in Mozambique showed that non-Cavendish banana varieties were only affected by Foc race 1 and race 2 strains. The testing of Cavendish banana somaclones in northern Mozambique revealed that GCTCV-119 was most resistant to Foc TR4, but that GCTCV-218 produced better bunches. The occurrence of Foc TR4 in northern Mozambique poses a potential threat to food security on the African continent, where banana is considered a staple food and source of income to millions of people. Cavendish somaclones can be used, in combination with integrated disease management practices, to replace susceptible Cavendish cultivars in southern Africa. The comprehensive testing of African cooking bananas for resistance to Foc TR4 is required, along with the improvement of biosecurity and preparedness of growers on the African continent.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Wilt on Cavendish Bananas, Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (VCG 01213/16), in Vietnam

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Hung ◽  
N. Q. Hung ◽  
D. Mostert ◽  
A. Viljoen ◽  
C. P Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 4

scholarly journals The Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Blackeyed Cowpeas within California Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Smith ◽  
D. M. Helms ◽  
S. R. Temple ◽  
C. Frate
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Single Field ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt of blackeyed cowpeas has been known in California since the 1930s, and breeding for resistance to this disease pathogen has been a continuous effort. During the 1960s and 1970s, California Blackeye 5 (CB 5) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), a widely grown cultivar of the time, became increasingly diseased by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) Race 3 (2) throughout the growing regions of California. University of California cultivars CB 46 and CB 88 (1) were developed for resistance to Fot Races 1, 2, and 3. CB 46 is currently the principal blackeye cultivar grown on the majority of the acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. In 1989, a new race we designate “Fot Race 4” was isolated from wilted plants at a single field site in Stanislaus County. In years prior to identification, Fot Race 4 had caused severe wilt of CB 46 and CB 88 in this field. Even though the new Fot Race 4 remained confined to a small area for a number of years, sources of host plant resistance to Fot Race 4 were identified, hybridized, and screened, resulting in new progeny with desirable commercial agronomic characteristics. As observed in Stanislaus County, F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4 has the potential to cause serious crop damage, depending on virulence and soil inoculum levels, which may vary from year to year. In 1997 and 1998, an entirely different area in the southern San Joaquin Valley, about 140 miles from the original site in Stanislaus County, was found to have plants infected with Fot Race 4. Diseased plants were collected from patches in three separate CB 46 or CB 88 field sites in Tulare County. About 30 cultures were isolated from the diseased plants, which showed stunting, yellowing, and vascular discoloration. In greenhouse fusarium dip tests CB 46, CB 88, CB 5, and several Fot Race 4 resistant breeding lines were inoculated with all the collected isolates and evaluated. CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5 proved to be susceptible to these isolates, showing typical Fot Race 4 symptoms. The Fot Race 4 pathogen was then reisolated from greenhouse-grown, diseased stem tissue of CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilance and necessity of continual disease surveys. They serve as an early alert for the University of California breeding program, and validate local cooperation with University of California Extension Farm Advisors. As a result of this effort new cultivar candidates with resistance to Fot Race 4 are in the final phases of multi-year commercial testing. References: (1) D. M. Helms et al. Crop Sci. 31:1703, 1991. (2) K. S. Rigert and K. W. Foster. Crop Sci. 27:220, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Causing Fusarium Wilt of Cavendish Bananas in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maymon ◽  
U. Shpatz ◽  
Y. M. Harel ◽  
E. Levy ◽  
G. Elkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 4

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Commercial Disinfectants Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Tropical Race 4 Propagules

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Nguyen ◽  
L. T. T. Tran-Nguyen ◽  
C. L. Wright ◽  
P. Trevorrow ◽  
K. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense has devastated banana production worldwide. This work aimed to determine effective disinfectants against two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 and tropical race 4 (TR4), for implementation with on-farm biosecurity procedures against this disease following the outbreak of TR4 in North Queensland in 2015. A total of 32 commercial disinfectants were screened and their activity was assessed after ≤30 s, 5 min, 30 min, and 24 h of contact with an F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suspension containing 105 chlamydospores/ml without and with soil added (0.05 g/ml). Of the disinfectants tested, the quaternary ammonium compounds containing ≥10% active ingredient were found to be the most effective against both F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races. These products, when used at a 1:100 dilution, completely inhibited the survival of all F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense propagules across all the contact times regardless of the absence or presence of soil. The bioflavonoid product EvoTech 213 and bleach (10% sodium hypochlorite) used at a 1:10 dilution also eliminated all F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense propagules across all the contact times. None of the detergent-based or miscellaneous products tested were completely effective against both F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races even used at a 1:10 dilution. Soil decreases the efficacy of disinfectants and therefore must be removed from contaminated items before treatments are applied.

scholarly journals Non-Synergistic Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus spp. in Reducing Infection of Fusarium Wilt in Banana

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfe Castillo ◽  
Cecirly Puig ◽  
Christian Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Glomus Spp ◽  
Race 4

Philippine banana is currently threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FocR4). This study investigated the use of Trichoderma harzianum pre-treated with Glomus spp, as a means of managing Fusarium wilt on young ‘Lakatan’ banana seedlings. Results showed that Glomus applied basally significantly improved banana seedling growth with increased increment in plant height and pseudostem diameter and heavier root weight. The application of Glomus spp. alone offered 100% protection to the ‘Lakatan’ seedlings against FocR4 as indicated by the absence of the wilting symptom. A combination of T. harzianum and Glomus spp. also gave significant effect against Fusarium wilt through delayed disease progression in the seedlings but was not synergistic. Competitive effects were suspected when application of the two biological control agents on banana roots was done simultaneously.

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