Micropropagated bananas are more susceptible to fusarium wilt than plants grown from conventional material

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Whiley ◽  
C. Searle ◽  
K. G. Pegg ◽  
M. K. Smith ◽  
P. W. Langdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Race 4

The reaction of field-grown micropropagated bananas, Musa cv. Williams (AAA, Cavendish subgroup) and cv. Goldfinger (AAAB, FHIA-01), to subtropical race 4 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) was compared with the reaction of plants grown from conventional planting material (sections of the rhizome, termed bits). Leaf gas exchange of plants was determined, and growth and dry matter accumulation were measured. Comparisons were made among these parameters from shortly after planting, throughout winter, and into spring when a high percentage of the plants started to show external symptoms of fusarium wilt. Micropropagated bananas were significantly more susceptible to race 4 Foc than plants derived from bits. This was irrespective of planting times, cultivars used, or whether the bits had first been established in containers in the glasshouse (as for micropropagated plants) or been planted directly in the field. This greater susceptibility does not appear to be a consequence of differences in maximum photoassimilation rates, greater photoassimilate demand, or lack of carbohydrate reserves once plants became established.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

Leaf gas exchange, chloroplastic pigments and dry matter accumulation in castor bean (Ricinus communis L) seedlings subjected to salt stress conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Alves Pinheiro ◽  
José Vieira Silva ◽  
Laurício Endres ◽  
Vilma Marques Ferreira ◽  
Celene de Albuquerque Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Chloroplastic Pigments

scholarly journals An Additional Threat to ‘Cavendish’ Banana Growers and Traders: The Infection of Banana Peduncles by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Tingting Bai ◽  
Meng Qin ◽  
Xundong Li ◽  
Huacai Fan ◽  
Shengtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Inoculation Assay

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is one of the most destructive banana pathogens worldwide. Until now, it has been generally accepted that Foc TR4 mainly colonizes the roots, rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves of banana plants and spreads among plantations with infected planting material, soil residues, and water. Because banana Fusarium wilt is a typical vascular bundle disease, the pathogen is accepted to possess the ability to enter the peduncle. However, no scientific proof has been presented. Recently, more and more signs of peduncle Foc TR4 in ‘Cavendish’ plants in different banana production provinces of China suggest that further investigations ought to be made regarding fungal colonization. We observed discoloration inside some peduncles from the Foc TR4-infected plants. The fungus isolated from these symptoms was identified using Foc TR4-specific PCR, sequencing, and a host inoculation assay. In a greenhouse bioassay, the Foc TR4 isolates from the peduncle showed the capacity for reinfecting Brazilian plants (Cavendish, AAA) up into the leaves. Collectively, we isolated the Foc TR4 from the peduncle and directly testified that this pathogen can invade the peduncle via xylem vascular bundle.

Gas exchange characteristics and dry matter accumulation of soybean treated with Nod factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (10) ◽  
pp. 1391-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Almaraz ◽  
Xiaomin Zhou ◽  
Alfred Souleimanov ◽  
Donald Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Wilt on Cavendish Bananas, Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (VCG 01213/16), in Vietnam

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Hung ◽  
N. Q. Hung ◽  
D. Mostert ◽  
A. Viljoen ◽  
C. P Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 4

scholarly journals The Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Blackeyed Cowpeas within California Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Smith ◽  
D. M. Helms ◽  
S. R. Temple ◽  
C. Frate
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Single Field ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt of blackeyed cowpeas has been known in California since the 1930s, and breeding for resistance to this disease pathogen has been a continuous effort. During the 1960s and 1970s, California Blackeye 5 (CB 5) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), a widely grown cultivar of the time, became increasingly diseased by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) Race 3 (2) throughout the growing regions of California. University of California cultivars CB 46 and CB 88 (1) were developed for resistance to Fot Races 1, 2, and 3. CB 46 is currently the principal blackeye cultivar grown on the majority of the acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. In 1989, a new race we designate “Fot Race 4” was isolated from wilted plants at a single field site in Stanislaus County. In years prior to identification, Fot Race 4 had caused severe wilt of CB 46 and CB 88 in this field. Even though the new Fot Race 4 remained confined to a small area for a number of years, sources of host plant resistance to Fot Race 4 were identified, hybridized, and screened, resulting in new progeny with desirable commercial agronomic characteristics. As observed in Stanislaus County, F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4 has the potential to cause serious crop damage, depending on virulence and soil inoculum levels, which may vary from year to year. In 1997 and 1998, an entirely different area in the southern San Joaquin Valley, about 140 miles from the original site in Stanislaus County, was found to have plants infected with Fot Race 4. Diseased plants were collected from patches in three separate CB 46 or CB 88 field sites in Tulare County. About 30 cultures were isolated from the diseased plants, which showed stunting, yellowing, and vascular discoloration. In greenhouse fusarium dip tests CB 46, CB 88, CB 5, and several Fot Race 4 resistant breeding lines were inoculated with all the collected isolates and evaluated. CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5 proved to be susceptible to these isolates, showing typical Fot Race 4 symptoms. The Fot Race 4 pathogen was then reisolated from greenhouse-grown, diseased stem tissue of CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilance and necessity of continual disease surveys. They serve as an early alert for the University of California breeding program, and validate local cooperation with University of California Extension Farm Advisors. As a result of this effort new cultivar candidates with resistance to Fot Race 4 are in the final phases of multi-year commercial testing. References: (1) D. M. Helms et al. Crop Sci. 31:1703, 1991. (2) K. S. Rigert and K. W. Foster. Crop Sci. 27:220, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Causing Fusarium Wilt of Cavendish Bananas in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maymon ◽  
U. Shpatz ◽  
Y. M. Harel ◽  
E. Levy ◽  
G. Elkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 4

scholarly journals Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Albanise B. Marinho ◽  
Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽  
Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

Gas Exchange and Dry Matter Accumulation during Leaf Development

1985 ◽  
pp. 157-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tichá ◽  
J. Čatský ◽  
Damuše Hodáňová ◽  
Jana Pospišilivá ◽  
M. Kaše ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation
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