Fusarium Species Associated with Tall Fescue Seed Production in Oregon

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Ocamb ◽  
Stephen C. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Seed samples were collected from 15 commercial tall fescue seed production fields and examined for Fusarium spp. The percentage of seeds from which Fusarium spp. were recovered ranged from 0 to 32%, while disinfesting seeds with 3% hydrogen peroxide reduced the recovery of Fusarium to 7% or less. The predominant Fusarium spp. isolated from the tall fescue seeds included F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. sambucinum. Greenhouse inoculations of tall fescue panicles with F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, and F. pseudograminearum resulted in higher seedborne rates of each respective Fusarium sp. than that recovered from noninoculated plants. Seeds recovered from panicles treated with F. avenaceum or F. pseudograminearum had significantly lower germination rates relative to panicles sprayed with water or a suspension of F. culmorum. Our work confirms that Fusarium spp. decrease seed germination and expands the pathogen list to include F. avenaceum and F. pseudograminearum. Accepted for publication 17 February 2004. Published 19 March 2004.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenicity and Virulence of Fusarium Species on Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragyan Burlakoti ◽  
V. Rivera ◽  
G. A. Secor ◽  
A. Qi ◽  
L. E. Del Rio-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Highly Virulent

In all, 98 isolates of three Fusarium spp. (18 Fusarium oxysporum, 30 F. graminearum, and 50 Fusarium sp. nov.) obtained from sugar beet in Minnesota were characterized for pathogenicity and virulence on sugar beet in the greenhouse by a bare-root inoculation method. Among the 98 isolates tested, 80% of isolates were pathogenic: 83% of the F. oxysporum isolates, 57% of the F. graminearum isolates, and 92% of the Fusarium sp. nov. isolates. Symptoms varied from slight to moderate wilting of the foliage, interveinal chlorosis and necrosis, and vascular discoloration of the taproot without any external root symptoms. Among the pathogenic isolates, 14% were highly virulent and 12% were moderately virulent. Most of the highly virulent isolates (91%) and moderately virulent isolates (89%) were Fusarium sp. nov. All pathogenic isolates of F. graminearum and most pathogenic isolates (87%) of F. oxysporum were less virulent. In general, more-virulent isolates induced first foliar symptoms earlier compared with less-virulent isolates. This study indicates that both F. oxysporum and Fusarium sp. nov. should be used in greenhouse and be present in field studies used for screening and developing sugar beet cultivars resistant to Fusarium yellows complex for Minnesota and North Dakota.

scholarly journals Daucus carrota L. - seed germination and natural infection by Fusarium spp. affected by Pseudomonas spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Dragana Josic ◽  
Dejan Cvikic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic ◽  
Djordje Kuzmanovic ◽  
Milan Zdravkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The inhibitory effect of indigenous Pseudomonas strains on Fusarium spp. isolated from seeds of a new variety of carrot - ?Vizija? and their effects on seed germination were observed. Pseudomonas spp. strains were applied as bacterial suspensions (culture, 106 CFU mL-1) and cell-free supernatant (CFSa -106 and CFSb -108 CFU mL-1) fractions by sowing seeds during 7 (I) and 14 (II) days of incubation. The germination of control ?Vizija? seeds was 19% after the first and 40% after the second incubation period. Pseudomonas chlororaphis Q16 strain exhibited statistically significant increases in seed germination with all applied fractions and incubation periods, showing values of 43-62% and 55.5-91%, i.e. increments of 24-43% and 15.5-51% compared to the control, after 7 and 14 days of incubation, respectively. P. chlororaphis K35 showed lower but significantly different seed germination values (38-67%) for all variants, except for 7 days old culture. Pseudomonas sp. Ek1 had weaker seed germination potential, showing statistically significant increment only for CFSa,b (I) and CFSb (II) fractions. All tested Pseudomonas strains inhibited the growth of three Fusarium species isolated from ?Vizija? seeds: F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans. Natural infection was observed in 20% (I) and 54% (II) of ?Vizija? seeds. P. chlororaphis K35 was the most efficient antifungal strain, reducing seed infection 97.5-100%, followed by Q16 with 95-100%, showing no statistically significant mutual difference. Pseudomonas sp. Ek1 showed a weaker antifungal activity and reduced seed infection by 85-96.75%. The application of P. chlororaphis Q16 and K35 as strains effective in improvement of carrot seed germination and growth inhibition of the seed pathogens F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans, can be further tested in carrot production for more beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Species Isolated from Soybean Roots in Ethiopia and Ghana and their Pathogenicity on Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2070-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Kerry O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Soybean Roots

Numerous pathogen surveys have reported that diverse Fusarium spp. threaten soybean production in North and South America. However, little research has been conducted to characterize Fusarium pathogens of soybean in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objectives were to (i) identify Fusarium spp. isolated from discolored root segments of soybean grown in Ethiopia and Ghana using DNA sequence data, (ii) determine whether isolates nested in the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti and F. sambucinum species complexes (FIESC and FSAMSC, respectively) produced trichothecene mycotoxins in vitro, and (iii) test these isolates for pathogenicity on soybean. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing isolates comprised three undescribed species within the FIESC and FSAMSC. Mycotoxin type B trichothecene 4,15-diacetylnivalenol or T-2 toxin and related type A neosolaniol trichothecenes were produced by 18 of the 21 isolates. Of the 12 isolates from Ethiopia and Ghana tested for their impact on seed germination, 5, comprising two undescribed phylospecies (i.e., Fusarium sp. number 3 and Fusarium sp. FIESC 2,) completely inhibited germination, whereas 4 caused no reduction in germination. Root lesions induced by all 12 isolates were greater than the uninoculated negative control. Additional variation among the isolates was reflected in differences (α = 0.05) in lesion lengths, which ranged from 34 to 67% of total root length. This is the first report characterizing FIESC and FSAMSC isolates from soybean roots in Ethiopia and Ghana.

Development of a selective myclobutanil agar (MBA) medium for the isolation of Fusarium species from asparagus fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vujanovic ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Suha Jabaji-Hare ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Fusarium Sp

A new selective myclobutanil agar medium for the detection of Fusarium species is proposed. Ten media formulations based on various selective agents (pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), Rose Bengal, malachite green, sodium hypochlorite, captan, benomyl, chlorotalonil, myclobutanil, thiram, and cupric sulfate) were compared. First, mycelium growth and colony appearance of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum nigrum,Fusarium sp., Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma viride isolates were compared. Second, the ability of the different media to isolate and enumerate fusaria from asparagus fields was evaluated. The myclobutanil-based medium showed the highest selectivity to Fusarium spp. growth but required a slightly longer incubation time (>5 d) than peptone–pentachloronitrobenzene-based agar (PPA) (< 5 d). PPA allowed a faster fusaria growth but also permited the growth of other moulds. The other media were less selective and did not allow to isolate fusaria or to differenciate them from other growing fungi.Key words: selective medium, myclobutanil, Fusarium, soil, Asparagus.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

Biomonitoring of Fusarium spp. Mycotoxins: Perspectives for an Individual Exposure Assessment Tool

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cano-Sancho ◽  
S. Marin ◽  
A.J. Ramos ◽  
V. Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Exposure

Fusarium species are probably the most prevalent toxin-producing fungi of the northern temperate regions and are commonly found on cereals grown in the temperate regions of America, Europe and Asia. Among the toxins formed by Fusarium we find trichothecenes of the A-type or B-type, zearalenone, fumonisins or nivalenol. The current exposure assessment consists of the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation based on the knowledge of the mycotoxin occurrence in the food and the dietary habits of the population. This process permits quantifying the mycotoxin dietary intake through deterministic or probabilistic methods. Although these methods are suitable to assess the exposure of populations to contaminants and to identify risk groups, they are not recommended to evaluate the individual exposition, due to a low accuracy and sensitivity. On the contrary, the use of biochemical indicators has been proposed as a suitable method to assess individual exposure to contaminants. In this work, several techniques to biomonitor the exposure to fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or T-2 toxin have been reviewed.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko ◽  
Justyna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Kaluski ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Unintentional Introduction ◽  
Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

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