Fungicide resistance in Venturia effusa, cause of pecan scab: current status and practical implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Standish ◽  
Tim Brenneman ◽  
Clive Bock ◽  
Katherine Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pecan Scab ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Benzimidazole Carbamates ◽  
Practical Implications

Pecan scab, caused by Venturia effusa, is the most economically damaging disease of pecan in the southeastern U.S. and annual epidemics are most effectively managed through multiple fungicide applications. The fungicide applications can be the single greatest operating cost for commercial growers and the return on that investment is impacted by fungicide resistance. Venturia effusa produces multiple generations of conidia per season, exhibits substantial genetic diversity, overwinters as stromata in the tree, and is under immense selection from the applied fungicides, all of which lead to a high risk for developing fungicide resistance. Since the mid-1970s, resistance or reduced sensitivity has been observed in isolates of V. effusa to the methyl benzimidazole carbamates, demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, organotin compounds and the guanidines. Over the last ten years, several studies have been conducted that have improved both scab management and fungicide resistance management in V. effusa. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in our understanding of fungicide resistance in V. effusa in the context of scab management in southeastern pecan orchards. The history, modes of action, general use of the labelled fungicides, and mechanisms and stability of fungicide resistance in V. effusa are discussed; conclusions and future research priorities are also presented.

Prevention and Detection of Fungicide Resistance Development in Rhizoctonia zeae from Soybean and Corn in Nebraska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Gambhir ◽  
Srikanth Kodati ◽  
Matthew Huff ◽  
Flávio Silva ◽  
Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

The goal of this research was to advance the foundational knowledge required to quantify and mitigate fungicide resistance in Rhizoctonia zeae, the seedling disease pathogen of soybean and corn. In vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole was determined for 91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska. Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC50 < 3 µg/ml) and had a positively skewed EC50 distribution. Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta. Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05). The risk of resistance development in R. zeae was estimated by characterizing its population structure. Eighty-one R. zeae isolates were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal. These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development. Overall, this research established the current status of fungicide sensitivity in R. zeae in Nebraska and estimated its risk of resistance development, which can inform fungicide resistance management for R. zeae.

scholarly journals Deaf children's bimodal bilingualism and education

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Swanwick
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Children's Literacy ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper provides an overview of the research into deaf children's bilingualism and bilingual education through a synthesis of studies published over the last 15 years. This review brings together the linguistic and pedagogical work on bimodal bilingualism to inform educational practice. The first section of the review provides a synthesis of the research, addressing linguistic, cognitive and social aspects of bimodal bilingualism. This is followed by a focus on bimodal bilingual language experience and use in different learning contexts. These first two sections provide the context for the main focus of the review: education and learning. The third section reports on links made between bimodal bilingualism and learning with regard to deaf children's literacy development. The fourth section examines further research into bimodal bilingual pedagogies. The final section considers the theoretical and practical implications of the field to date in developing a contemporary model of bimodal bilingual education for deaf children. It also charts future research priorities.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: current status and consensus on future research priorities

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Henrotin ◽  
◽  
Xavier Chevalier ◽  
Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont ◽  
Timothy McAlindon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Joint Health

Neuronal signaling in schistosomes: current status and prospects for postgenomicsThe present review is one of a series of occasional review articles that have been invited by the Editors and will feature the broad range of disciplines and expertise represented in our Editorial Advisory Board.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Timothy G. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neuronal Signaling ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Transmitter Receptors ◽  
Etiological Agents

Parasitic platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma Weinland, 1858 (Trematoda, Digenea) are the etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent and debilitating parasitic diseases worldwide. Praziquantel is the only drug treatment available in most parts of the world and the effectiveness of the drug is threatened by the prospect of drug resistance. There is a pressing need to learn more about the basic biology of this organism and to identify molecular targets for new therapeutic drugs. The nervous system of schistosomes coordinates many activities that are essential for parasite survival, and as such is an attractive target for chemotherapeutic intervention. Until recently, very little was known about the molecular mechanisms of neuronal signaling in these organisms, but this is rapidly changing following the completion of the genome sequence and several recent developments in schistosome transgenesis and gene silencing. Here we review the current status of schistosome neurobiology and discuss prospects for future research as the field moves into a postgenomics era. One of the themes that will emerge from this discussion is that schistosomes have a rich diversity of neurotransmitters and receptors, indicating a more sophisticated system of neuronal communication than might be expected of a parasitic flatworm. Moreover, many of these transmitter receptors share little sequence homology with those of the human host, making them ideally suited for selective drug targeting. Strategies for characterization of these important parasite proteins will be discussed.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Tedaldi ◽  
Nancy L. Minniti ◽  
Tracy Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of HIV-infected persons. HIV infection, itself, as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications. These comorbidities confound the diagnosis, assessment, and interventions for neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of several key comorbid factors that may contribute significantly to the development and progression of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, as well as the current status of diagnostic strategies aimed at identifying HIV-infected individuals with impaired cognition and future research priorities and challenges.

The concept of organisational projectification: past, present and beyond?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Maylor ◽  
Virpi Turkulainen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Organisational Process ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the past 25 years of the research on projectification, focusing especially on organisational aspects of projectification, as well as to discuss recent developments and potential future research directions. Design/methodology/approach This is a discussion paper, which draws on previously published research and data. Findings The first section identifies contexts in which projectification has taken place (projectification of) and the organisational process by which this has taken place (projectification through). Using an illustrative example based on publicly available data, the second section shows an extension of the organisational phenomenon, referred to as advanced organisational projectification. The paper concludes with a synthesised framework of organisational projectification. Research limitations/implications The paper provides a personal reflection and commentary and is focused on the conceptualisation of the term rather than an all-encompassing study of projectification. Based on the discussion, the paper presents a synthesised view of organisational projectification as well as directions for future research to advance the understanding of projectification. Practical implications The study has implications for policy-makers in the design of the process of ongoing projectification and provides illustrations and a warning concerning the assumptions that are made as an organisation advances in its projectification. Originality/value This paper provides an elaboration of one of the focal concepts of project studies, extending some of the key elements of project management research.

Types of marketing: fad or a necessity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-925
Author(s):  
José Miguel Pina
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Web

Purpose This study aims to analyse the spread of terms describing “marketing types” (e.g. services marketing) in the marketing and non-marketing literature and to determine whether the research into specific terms represents a fashion trend. Design/methodology/approach A total of 113 marketing terms were identified by content-analysing all the articles indexed in the web of science. These data were used to estimate a panel model, which predicted the number of articles that refer to a specific marketing type over a 20 years’ period. Findings The model estimation indicates that the “age” of a marketing term has a significant effect on the number of articles published using that term, after controlling for previous research. This effect is not significant for top-tier journals. Research limitations/implications Future research might undertake more comprehensive analyses by including other scientific outlets (e.g. white papers) and databases. Practical implications The results offer new insights for researchers interested in bibliometrics and knowledge diffusion. It warns practitioners and academia about a bias in favour of novel terms. Originality/value The paper demonstrates a “fad effect” that may undermine research into traditional marketing fields. It helps to identify past and current research priorities.

scholarly journals Servitization: revisiting the state-of-the-art and research priorities

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Baines ◽  
Ali Ziaee Bigdeli ◽  
Oscar F. Bustinza ◽  
Victor Guang Shi ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Manufacturing Organization ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the servitization knowledge base from an organizational change perspective, identifying developed, developing and undeveloped topics to provide a platform that directs future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses three objectives: it comprehensively examines organizational change management literature for selection of a theoretical framework; it classifies extant studies within the framework through a systemic literature review; and it analyses 232 selected papers and proposes a research agenda. Findings Analysis suggests increasing global awareness of the importance of services to manufacturers. However, some topics, especially related to servitization transformation, remain undeveloped. Research limitations/implications Although the authors tried to include all publications relevant to servitization, some might not have been captured. Evaluation and interpretation relied on the research team and subsequent research workshops. Practical implications One of the most significant challenges for practitioners of servitization is how to transform a manufacturing organization to exploit the opportunity. This paper consolidates literature regarding servitization, identifying progress concerning key research topics and contributing a platform for future research. The goal is to inform research to result eventually in a roadmap for practitioners seeking to servitize. Originality/value Although extant reviews of servitization identify themes that are examined well, they struggle to identify unanswered questions. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on servitization as a process of organizational change.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of Pumped Storage Power Plants in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. p45
Author(s):  
David Novak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Regenerative Systems ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: Anyone who wants to generate substantial amounts of electricity using regenerative systems must store excess energy so that it can be used again for times when it is needed but not generated by the sun and wind. Pumped storage power plants are currently the only way to present this on a larger scale realistically.Design/methodology/approach: The aim was to find out what the current status quo for pumped storage power plants in Germany is. Only current German literature was evaluated. All relevant German political parties were interviewed and all generally refused to take a position. In a longer expert interview with one of the leading professors and experts in this special field, the deeply unsatisfactory situation and development was clearly confirmed.Findings: The findings achieved can only be described as devastating, since the responsible politicians/parties fundamentally avoid the discussion and the environmental associations and ultimately also the electricity suppliers do not build up the necessary political pressure, while the locally affected population legally defends itself by all means to prevent necessary and directly related changes in your own life.Research/practical implications: In the previous form, it does not go on, since no progress has been made. There must be concerted action by all governing parties, all environmental associations and the media to make it clear that many changes are pending in this area in the future. All future and necessary investments and changes must be legally clear and fundamentally secured in advance. Future research must always stand on three legs here: politically/legally, economically/ecologically and most intensively, sociologically about the population and their approval of the changes, which are sometimes serious.Originality/value: There are hardly any relevant publications about it so far, and it seems that all politically responsible people are trying, at least so far, to keep the topic silent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document