scholarly journals Evolution of an Osmosensing Histidine Kinase in Field Strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) in Response to Dicarboximide Fungicide Usage

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Ross E. Beever ◽  
Stephanie L. Parkes ◽  
Matthew D. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Amino Acid Repeat ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana ◽  
Group 1

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the putative two-component histidine protein kinase encoded by the Daf1 gene have been identified within a sample of 5 sensitive and 27 dicarboximide-resistant field strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph Botrytis cinerea). The gene of 3948 bp is predicted to encode a 1315-amino acid protein comprising an N-terminal region, an amino acid repeat region, which has been hypothesized to be the binding site for dicarboximide fungicide, and a C-terminal region encompassing kinase and response regulator domains. Two amino acid variants were distinguished among the sensitive strains characterized by alanine (group 1), or threonine (group 2), at position 1259 in the C-terminal region. All resistant strains could be classified into either group 1 or group 2 but, in addition, all showed changes in the second amino acid repeat region. On the basis of the differences in this repeat region, four classes of resistant strains were recognized; class 1 characterized by an isoleucine to serine mutation, class 2 by an isoleucine to asparagine mutation, class 3 by an isoleucine to arginine mutation (all at position 365), and class 4 by an isoleucine to serine mutation (position 365) as well as a glutamine to proline mutation (position 369). All classes showed similar low levels of resistance to iprodione and to vinclozolin, except for class 3 and class 4 strains, which show low resistance to iprodione but moderate (class 3) or high (class 4) resistance to vinclozolin. The classes as a group did not differ from sensitive strains in osmotic sensitivity measured as mycelial growth response, but some class 1 strains showed an abnormal morphology on osmotically amended medium. The evolution of the amino acid differences is discussed in relation to field observations. It is proposed that class 1 and class 2 strains arose by single mutations within the sensitive population, whereas classes 3 and 4 arose by single mutations within a resistant population.

Earlier surgery improves long-term survival compared to class I surgical indications and infective endocarditis surgery for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K.M Wang ◽  
K Akyuz ◽  
B Xu ◽  
M Gillinov ◽  
G Pettersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Esc Guidelines ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Isolated tricuspid surgery has markedly higher mortality rates (9–10%) in contemporary national registries compared to other single-valve operations. The optimal timing and indications remain controversial, and earlier surgery before developing ESC guidelines class 1 indications may improve the survival for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation. Purpose We aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) surgery by indication. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery for TR without other concomitant valve surgery at Cleveland Clinic from 2004 to 2019 were studied. Indications were divided into group 1: ESC guidelines class 1 (severe symptomatic TR), group 2: infective endocarditis, and group 3: non-class 1 (asymptomatic severe TR with or without right ventricular dilation and/or dysfunction) and no endocarditis, for comparative analyses of characteristics and outcomes. Results The study included 207 patients (group 1: 115, group 2: 48 and group 3: 44) with mean age 54.1±17.8 years, 116 (56.0% females and 151. Tricuspid repair was performed in 72.9% (73.0%, 66.7% and 79.5% for Groups 1–3, P=0.381). Group 3 patients were younger, had higher prevalence of primary TR, lower prevalence of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, cirrhosis, renal impairment, right ventricular and left ventricular dysfunction than Group 1. Overall operative mortality rates were 4.9% ( group 1: 7.0%, group 2: 4.2% and group 3: 0.0%), while mortality during follow-up of 3.3±4.0 years was lower for group 3 than for groups 1 or 2 (Figure 1). Independent predictors of long-term mortality were Group 1 compared to Group 3 and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion Patients without class I or endocarditis indications had superior unadjusted and adjusted survival compared to those with these indications. The high mortality rate of isolated TR surgery may be reduced by both earlier surgery and being performed at an experienced cardiac surgery center. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Foundation of New Zealand - Overseas Clinical and Research Fellowship

Optimising prediction of early metastasis-free survival in uveal melanoma using a four-category model incorporating gene expression profile and tumour size

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317714
Author(s):  
Kelsey Andrea Roelofs ◽  
Parampal Grewal ◽  
Steven Lapere ◽  
Matthew Larocque ◽  
Albert Murtha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Prognostic Groups ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

BackgroundLargest basal diameter (LBD) appears to have independent prognostic value in uveal melanoma (UM).MethodsAll patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy or enucleation for UM involving the choroid and/or ciliary body between 2012 and 2019.ResultsA total of 348 patients with a mean age of 60±14 years were included and followed for a mean of 40±26 months (3.3±2.2 years). On multivariate analysis, LBD >12 mm remained a significant independent predictor of metastasis for both class 1 (HR 21.90; 95% CI 2.69 to 178.02; p=0.004) and class 2 (HR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.03 to 5.83; p=0.04) tumours. Four prognostic groups were created: group 1 (class 1, LBD <12 mm), group 2 (class 1, LBD ≥12 mm), group 3 (class 2, LBD <12 mm) and group 4 (class 2, LBD ≥12 mm). Life tables were used to calculate the 3-year and 5-year metastasis-free survival: group 1 (98 and 98%), group 2 (86 and 86%), group 3 (81 and 62%) and group 4 (54 and 47%). Compared with the reference category (group 1), the Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated a significant worsening of survival for each progressive category (group 2 (HR 21.59; p=0.004), group 3 (HR 47.12, p<0.001), and group 4 (HR 114.24; p<0.001)). In our dataset, the four-category Cox model performed poorer compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and gene expression profile (AJCC+GEP) in the Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) (297 vs 291), fit better with the Bayesian information criteria (BIC) (309 vs 313) and performed similarly with the Harrel’s C (0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.91) vs 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94), respectively).ConclusionsCombination of GEP and LBD allows separation of patients into four easy-to-use prognostic groups and was similar to a model combining AJCC stage with GEP.

scholarly journals Biological Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea From Henan Province of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Hai-Yan Hu ◽  
Yu-Lu Song ◽  
Yu-Qing Gao ◽  
Qi-Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Resistant Strains

The gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has a significant impact on tomato production throughout the world. Although the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil can effectively control B. cinerea, there have been several reports of resistance to this fungicide. This study indicated that all of the fludioxonil-resistant strains tested, including one field-resistant isolate and four laboratory strains, had reduced fitness relative to sensitive isolates. In addition to having reduced growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity, the resistant strains were more sensitive to osmotic stress and had significantly (P < 0.05) higher peroxidase activity. BOs1, a kinase in the high-osmolarity glycerol stress response signal transduction pathway, is believed to harbor mutations related to fludioxonil resistance. Sequence analysis of their BOs1 sequences indicated that the fludioxonil-resistant field isolate, XXtom1806, had four point mutations resulting in four amino acid changes (I365S, S531G, T565N, and T1267A) and three amino acids (I365S, S531G, and T565N) in the histidine kinases, adenylyl cyclases, methyl-accepting chemotaxis receptors, and phosphatases domain, which associated with fludioxonil binding. Similarly, two of the laboratory strains, XXtom-Lab1 and XXtom-Lab4, had three (Q846S, I1126S, and G415D) and two (P1051S and V1241M) point mutations, respectively. A third strain, XXtom-lab3, had a 52-bp insertion that included a stop codon at amino acid 256. Interestingly, the BOs1 sequence of the fourth laboratory strain, XXtom-lab5, was identical to those of the sensitive isolates, indicating that an alternative resistance mechanism exists. The study also found evidence of positive cross-resistance between fludioxonil and the dicarboximide fungicides procymidone and iprodione, but no cross-resistance was detected with any other fungicides tested, including boscalid, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and fluazinam.

Effects of restriction of amino acid supply to the isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ben Mepham ◽  
Andrew R. Peters ◽  
Stephen Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARYWhen individual essential amino acids were omitted for periods of 40–100 min from the infusate substrate solution in isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland experiments, uptake of methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine and tryptophan (group 1) was significantly depressed by a mean of 49·8%, whereas the remaining essential amino acids (group 2) showed no significant decrease in uptake. During depletion periods oxidation of [14C\amino acids was increased. The possible significance of the differences in absorption between the 2 groups of amino acids is discussed.

Comparison of Administration of Two Standard Intravenous Amino Acid Formulas to Severely Brain-Injured Patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda G. Ott ◽  
Jack J. Schmidt ◽  
A. Byron Young ◽  
Diana L. Twyman ◽  
Robert P. Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Group 1

Twenty severely brain-injured patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 4–9 were prospectively randomized to receive one of two standard amino acid formulas, starting with the first day of hospital admission up to day 14 postinjury. Formula 2 (patient group 2) had 54 percent more leucine, 53 percent more isoleucine, 74 percent more valine, 28 percent less phenylalanine, 31 percent less methionine, 111 percent more proline, 38 percent less alanine, and 38 percent less glycine than formula 1 (patient group 1). Groups 1 and 2 received statistically equal overall mean parenteral nutrition calories and protein (2173 ± 147 vs. 2059 ± 143 kcal, and 77 ± 12 vs. 83.1 ± 6 g, respectively). There was a significant difference in overall mean urinary urea nitrogen excretion (group 1 = 24.6 ± 1.3 vs. group 2= 18.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.02) and nitrogen balance (group 1 = −8.0 ± 2.1 vs. group 2 = + 1.8 ± 1.2, p = 0.01). Mean overall isoleucine values were significantly higher in group 2 (overall mean 77 μmol/L vs. 62 μmol/L, p = 0.04). Phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (107 μmol/L) versus group 2 (82 μmol/L) patients (p = 0.01). Arginine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (78 μmol/L) versus group 2 (49 μmol/L) patients (p = 0.0002). This observation suggests that some standard intravenous amino acid formulas may be more apt to promote positive nitrogen balance than others.

scholarly journals Amino acid substitutions can influence the natural killer (NK)-mediated recognition of HLA-C molecules. Role of serine-77 and lysine-80 in the target cell protection from lysis mediated by "group 2" or "group 1" NK clones.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Biassoni ◽  
M Falco ◽  
A Cambiaggi ◽  
P Costa ◽  
S Verdiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to express a clonally distributed ability to recognize HLA class I alleles. The previously defined NK clones belonging to "group 1" recognize HLA-C*0401 (Cw4) and other HLA-C alleles sharing Asn at position 77 and Lys at position 80. Conversely, the "group 2" NK clones recognize HLA-Cw*0302 (Cw3) and other HLA-C alleles characterized by Ser at position 77 and Asn at position 80. We assessed directly the involvement of these two residues in the capacity of NK cell clones to discriminate between the two groups of HLA-C alleles. To this end, Cw3 and Cw4 alleles were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of the amino acids typical of the Cw3 allele (Ser-77 and Asn-80) with those present in Cw4 (Asn-77 and Lys-80) resulted in a Cw3 mutant that was no longer recognized by group 2 NK cell clones, but that was recognized by group 1 clones. Analysis of Cw3 or Cw4 molecules containing single amino acid substitutions indicates roles for Lys-80 in recognition mediated by group 1 clones and for Ser-77 in recognition mediated by group 2 clones. These results demonstrate that NK-mediated specific recognition of HLA-C allotypes is affected by single natural amino acid substitutions at positions 77 and 80 of the heavy chain.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Susu Kacang Kedelai (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Madianung ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati ◽  
Lydia Tendean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: The effects of soy beans on spermatozoa still been a controversial thing. Soy is one of the source of the Fitoestrogen because the structure isoflavon of soy is similar with the structure of estrogen molecule, so it can confound the balancial of hormone. Soy also as a source of protein that rich of amino acid arginin. The study was carried out to find the effects of soy bean milk on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine wistar rats weighing from 200 to 250 grams. These nine wistar rats were divide into 3 groups. Consists of control group (K) that did not gives the soy bean milk, the group 1 (P1) that gives the soy bean milk with dose 500mg/kg BB/day and the group 2 (P2) with dose 780mg/kg BB/day. Treatment carried out for 60 days. As a result, there is an improvement in consentration and morphology of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 1 (P1) and group 2 (P2). Spermatozoa motility have a tendency to rise, but statistically meaningless (p>0,05). Conclusion: The higher dose of soy bean milk may rise the concentration, morphology and motility of spermatozoa wistar rats.Keywords: soy bean, soy bean milk, qualities of spermatozoa.Abstrak: Pengaruh kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa masih menimbulkan kontroversi. Kedelai merupakan salah satu sumber fitoestrogen karena struktur isoflavon kedelai mirip dengan struktur molekul estrogen sehingga dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan hormon. Kedelai juga sebagai sumber protein yang kaya akan asam amino arginin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari susu kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor wistar yang terbagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok. Terdiri dari Kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan susu kacang kedelai, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberi susu kacang kacang kedelai dengan dosis 500mg/kgBB/hari dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) dengan dosis 780mg/kgBB/hari. Pemberian perlakuan berlangsung selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan konsentrasi dan morfologi spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2). Motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) mempunyai kecenderungan meningkat, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan: Makin tinggi dosis susu kacang kedelai yang diberikan, dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar.Kata kunci: kacang kedelai, susu kacang kedelai, kualitas spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Keragaman Morfologi dan Genetik Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) Berdasarkan Penanda Molekuler Gen Mat-K

Cassowary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Eka Fitri Wulandari ◽  
Nouke Lenda Mawikere ◽  
Barahima Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Haplotype 1 ◽  
Group 1

Sago palm (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) is one of the carbohydrate-producing crops that has great potential in supporting food security programs. This study aims to determine the morphological and genetic diversity based on the mat-K gene marker of 15 accessions of sago pal that have been collected by the Sago Research Consortium. This research was conducted by preparing plant samples, extracting DNA, amplifying DNA with a PCR tools, visualizing the results of DNA amplification, sequencing, editing DNA sequencing, and blasting. The results showed that the sago palm accessions collected by the UNIPA Sago Research Consortium were morphologically different in the Russet stages.  Based on the maturase K (mat-K) gene marker of 15 sago palm accessions were divided into two haplotypes, namely haplotype 1 which experienced deletion at base number 5 (amino acid phenylalanine) and haplotype 2 which did not experience deletion so it had phenylalanine amino acid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 sago palm accessions were divided into 2 groups, namely group 1 and group 2. Sago palm were observed closely related to Metroxylon warburgii with genetic distance of 0.001.

scholarly journals A new member of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family in sugarcane

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam G.G. Contessotto ◽  
Claudia B. Monteiro-Vitorello ◽  
Pilar D.S.C. Mariani ◽  
Luiz L. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Group 1

Sequences from the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database were analyzed based on their identities to genes encoding chalcone-synthase-like enzymes. The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) chalcone-synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) protein sequence (gi|12229613) was used to search the SUCEST database for clusters of sequencing reads that were most similar to chalcone synthase. We found 121 reads with homology to sorghum chalcone synthase, which we were then able to sort into 14 clusters which themselves were divided into two groups (group 1 and group 2) based on the similarity of their deduced amino acid sequences. Clusters in group 1 were more similar to the sorghum enzyme than those in group 2, having the consensus sequence of the active site of chalcone and stilbene synthase. Analysis of gene expression (based on the number of reads from a specific library present in each group) indicated that most of the group 1 reads were from sugarcane flower and root libraries. Group 2 clusters were more similar to the amino acid sequence of an uncharacterized pathogen-induced protein (PI1, gi|9855801) from the S. bicolor expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The group 2 clusters sequences and PI1 proteins are 90% identical, having two amino acid changes at the chalcone and stilbene synthase consensi but conserving the cysteine residue at the active site. The PI1 EST has not been previously associated with chalcone synthase and has a different consensus sequence from the previously described chalcone synthase of sorghum. Most of the group 2 reads were from libraries prepared from sugarcane roots and plants infected with Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and Gluconacetobacter diazotroficans. Our results indicate that we have identified a sugarcane chalcone synthase similar to the pathogen-induced PI1 protein found in the sorghum cDNA libraries, and it appears that both proteins represent new members of the chalcone and stilbene synthase super-family.

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