scholarly journals Keragaman Morfologi dan Genetik Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) Berdasarkan Penanda Molekuler Gen Mat-K

Cassowary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Eka Fitri Wulandari ◽  
Nouke Lenda Mawikere ◽  
Barahima Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Haplotype 1 ◽  
Group 1

Sago palm (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) is one of the carbohydrate-producing crops that has great potential in supporting food security programs. This study aims to determine the morphological and genetic diversity based on the mat-K gene marker of 15 accessions of sago pal that have been collected by the Sago Research Consortium. This research was conducted by preparing plant samples, extracting DNA, amplifying DNA with a PCR tools, visualizing the results of DNA amplification, sequencing, editing DNA sequencing, and blasting. The results showed that the sago palm accessions collected by the UNIPA Sago Research Consortium were morphologically different in the Russet stages.  Based on the maturase K (mat-K) gene marker of 15 sago palm accessions were divided into two haplotypes, namely haplotype 1 which experienced deletion at base number 5 (amino acid phenylalanine) and haplotype 2 which did not experience deletion so it had phenylalanine amino acid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 sago palm accessions were divided into 2 groups, namely group 1 and group 2. Sago palm were observed closely related to Metroxylon warburgii with genetic distance of 0.001.

Effects of restriction of amino acid supply to the isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ben Mepham ◽  
Andrew R. Peters ◽  
Stephen Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARYWhen individual essential amino acids were omitted for periods of 40–100 min from the infusate substrate solution in isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland experiments, uptake of methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine and tryptophan (group 1) was significantly depressed by a mean of 49·8%, whereas the remaining essential amino acids (group 2) showed no significant decrease in uptake. During depletion periods oxidation of [14C\amino acids was increased. The possible significance of the differences in absorption between the 2 groups of amino acids is discussed.

Comparison of Administration of Two Standard Intravenous Amino Acid Formulas to Severely Brain-Injured Patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda G. Ott ◽  
Jack J. Schmidt ◽  
A. Byron Young ◽  
Diana L. Twyman ◽  
Robert P. Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Group 1

Twenty severely brain-injured patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 4–9 were prospectively randomized to receive one of two standard amino acid formulas, starting with the first day of hospital admission up to day 14 postinjury. Formula 2 (patient group 2) had 54 percent more leucine, 53 percent more isoleucine, 74 percent more valine, 28 percent less phenylalanine, 31 percent less methionine, 111 percent more proline, 38 percent less alanine, and 38 percent less glycine than formula 1 (patient group 1). Groups 1 and 2 received statistically equal overall mean parenteral nutrition calories and protein (2173 ± 147 vs. 2059 ± 143 kcal, and 77 ± 12 vs. 83.1 ± 6 g, respectively). There was a significant difference in overall mean urinary urea nitrogen excretion (group 1 = 24.6 ± 1.3 vs. group 2= 18.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.02) and nitrogen balance (group 1 = −8.0 ± 2.1 vs. group 2 = + 1.8 ± 1.2, p = 0.01). Mean overall isoleucine values were significantly higher in group 2 (overall mean 77 μmol/L vs. 62 μmol/L, p = 0.04). Phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (107 μmol/L) versus group 2 (82 μmol/L) patients (p = 0.01). Arginine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (78 μmol/L) versus group 2 (49 μmol/L) patients (p = 0.0002). This observation suggests that some standard intravenous amino acid formulas may be more apt to promote positive nitrogen balance than others.

scholarly journals Amino acid substitutions can influence the natural killer (NK)-mediated recognition of HLA-C molecules. Role of serine-77 and lysine-80 in the target cell protection from lysis mediated by "group 2" or "group 1" NK clones.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Biassoni ◽  
M Falco ◽  
A Cambiaggi ◽  
P Costa ◽  
S Verdiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to express a clonally distributed ability to recognize HLA class I alleles. The previously defined NK clones belonging to "group 1" recognize HLA-C*0401 (Cw4) and other HLA-C alleles sharing Asn at position 77 and Lys at position 80. Conversely, the "group 2" NK clones recognize HLA-Cw*0302 (Cw3) and other HLA-C alleles characterized by Ser at position 77 and Asn at position 80. We assessed directly the involvement of these two residues in the capacity of NK cell clones to discriminate between the two groups of HLA-C alleles. To this end, Cw3 and Cw4 alleles were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of the amino acids typical of the Cw3 allele (Ser-77 and Asn-80) with those present in Cw4 (Asn-77 and Lys-80) resulted in a Cw3 mutant that was no longer recognized by group 2 NK cell clones, but that was recognized by group 1 clones. Analysis of Cw3 or Cw4 molecules containing single amino acid substitutions indicates roles for Lys-80 in recognition mediated by group 1 clones and for Ser-77 in recognition mediated by group 2 clones. These results demonstrate that NK-mediated specific recognition of HLA-C allotypes is affected by single natural amino acid substitutions at positions 77 and 80 of the heavy chain.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Susu Kacang Kedelai (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Madianung ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati ◽  
Lydia Tendean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: The effects of soy beans on spermatozoa still been a controversial thing. Soy is one of the source of the Fitoestrogen because the structure isoflavon of soy is similar with the structure of estrogen molecule, so it can confound the balancial of hormone. Soy also as a source of protein that rich of amino acid arginin. The study was carried out to find the effects of soy bean milk on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine wistar rats weighing from 200 to 250 grams. These nine wistar rats were divide into 3 groups. Consists of control group (K) that did not gives the soy bean milk, the group 1 (P1) that gives the soy bean milk with dose 500mg/kg BB/day and the group 2 (P2) with dose 780mg/kg BB/day. Treatment carried out for 60 days. As a result, there is an improvement in consentration and morphology of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 1 (P1) and group 2 (P2). Spermatozoa motility have a tendency to rise, but statistically meaningless (p>0,05). Conclusion: The higher dose of soy bean milk may rise the concentration, morphology and motility of spermatozoa wistar rats.Keywords: soy bean, soy bean milk, qualities of spermatozoa.Abstrak: Pengaruh kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa masih menimbulkan kontroversi. Kedelai merupakan salah satu sumber fitoestrogen karena struktur isoflavon kedelai mirip dengan struktur molekul estrogen sehingga dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan hormon. Kedelai juga sebagai sumber protein yang kaya akan asam amino arginin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari susu kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor wistar yang terbagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok. Terdiri dari Kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan susu kacang kedelai, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberi susu kacang kacang kedelai dengan dosis 500mg/kgBB/hari dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) dengan dosis 780mg/kgBB/hari. Pemberian perlakuan berlangsung selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan konsentrasi dan morfologi spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2). Motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) mempunyai kecenderungan meningkat, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan: Makin tinggi dosis susu kacang kedelai yang diberikan, dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar.Kata kunci: kacang kedelai, susu kacang kedelai, kualitas spermatozoa.

scholarly journals A new member of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family in sugarcane

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam G.G. Contessotto ◽  
Claudia B. Monteiro-Vitorello ◽  
Pilar D.S.C. Mariani ◽  
Luiz L. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Group 1

Sequences from the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database were analyzed based on their identities to genes encoding chalcone-synthase-like enzymes. The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) chalcone-synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) protein sequence (gi|12229613) was used to search the SUCEST database for clusters of sequencing reads that were most similar to chalcone synthase. We found 121 reads with homology to sorghum chalcone synthase, which we were then able to sort into 14 clusters which themselves were divided into two groups (group 1 and group 2) based on the similarity of their deduced amino acid sequences. Clusters in group 1 were more similar to the sorghum enzyme than those in group 2, having the consensus sequence of the active site of chalcone and stilbene synthase. Analysis of gene expression (based on the number of reads from a specific library present in each group) indicated that most of the group 1 reads were from sugarcane flower and root libraries. Group 2 clusters were more similar to the amino acid sequence of an uncharacterized pathogen-induced protein (PI1, gi|9855801) from the S. bicolor expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The group 2 clusters sequences and PI1 proteins are 90% identical, having two amino acid changes at the chalcone and stilbene synthase consensi but conserving the cysteine residue at the active site. The PI1 EST has not been previously associated with chalcone synthase and has a different consensus sequence from the previously described chalcone synthase of sorghum. Most of the group 2 reads were from libraries prepared from sugarcane roots and plants infected with Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and Gluconacetobacter diazotroficans. Our results indicate that we have identified a sugarcane chalcone synthase similar to the pathogen-induced PI1 protein found in the sorghum cDNA libraries, and it appears that both proteins represent new members of the chalcone and stilbene synthase super-family.

scholarly journals Receptor Specificity of Influenza A H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Mammalian Cells and Embryonated Chicken Eggs

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
pp. 8287-8299 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stevens ◽  
Li-Mei Chen ◽  
Paul J. Carney ◽  
Rebecca Garten ◽  
Angie Foust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sialyl Lewis X ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Isolation of human subtype H3N2 influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs yields viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) that often affect binding to sialic acid receptors. We used a glycan array approach to analyze the repertoire of sialylated glycans recognized by viruses from the same clinical specimen isolated in eggs or cell cultures. The binding profiles of whole virions to 85 sialoglycans on the microarray allowed the categorization of cell isolates into two groups. Group 1 cell isolates displayed binding to a restricted set of α2-6 and α2-3 sialoglycans, whereas group 2 cell isolates revealed receptor specificity broader than that of their egg counterparts. Egg isolates from group 1 showed binding specificities similar to those of cell isolates, whereas group 2 egg isolates showed a significantly reduced binding to α2-6- and α2-3-type receptors but retained substantial binding to specific O- and N-linked α2-3 glycans, including α2-3GalNAc and fucosylated α2-3 glycans (including sialyl Lewis x), both of which may be important receptors for H3N2 virus replication in eggs. These results revealed an unexpected diversity in receptor binding specificities among recent H3N2 viruses, with distinct patterns of amino acid substitution in the HA occurring upon isolation and/or propagation in eggs. These findings also suggest that clinical specimens containing viruses with group 1-like receptor binding profiles would be less prone to undergoing receptor binding or antigenic changes upon isolation in eggs. Screening cell isolates for appropriate receptor binding properties might help focus efforts to isolate the most suitable viruses in eggs for production of antigenically well-matched influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Evolution of an Osmosensing Histidine Kinase in Field Strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) in Response to Dicarboximide Fungicide Usage

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Ross E. Beever ◽  
Stephanie L. Parkes ◽  
Matthew D. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Amino Acid Repeat ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana ◽  
Group 1

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the putative two-component histidine protein kinase encoded by the Daf1 gene have been identified within a sample of 5 sensitive and 27 dicarboximide-resistant field strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph Botrytis cinerea). The gene of 3948 bp is predicted to encode a 1315-amino acid protein comprising an N-terminal region, an amino acid repeat region, which has been hypothesized to be the binding site for dicarboximide fungicide, and a C-terminal region encompassing kinase and response regulator domains. Two amino acid variants were distinguished among the sensitive strains characterized by alanine (group 1), or threonine (group 2), at position 1259 in the C-terminal region. All resistant strains could be classified into either group 1 or group 2 but, in addition, all showed changes in the second amino acid repeat region. On the basis of the differences in this repeat region, four classes of resistant strains were recognized; class 1 characterized by an isoleucine to serine mutation, class 2 by an isoleucine to asparagine mutation, class 3 by an isoleucine to arginine mutation (all at position 365), and class 4 by an isoleucine to serine mutation (position 365) as well as a glutamine to proline mutation (position 369). All classes showed similar low levels of resistance to iprodione and to vinclozolin, except for class 3 and class 4 strains, which show low resistance to iprodione but moderate (class 3) or high (class 4) resistance to vinclozolin. The classes as a group did not differ from sensitive strains in osmotic sensitivity measured as mycelial growth response, but some class 1 strains showed an abnormal morphology on osmotically amended medium. The evolution of the amino acid differences is discussed in relation to field observations. It is proposed that class 1 and class 2 strains arose by single mutations within the sensitive population, whereas classes 3 and 4 arose by single mutations within a resistant population.

Genes encoding the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Brassica napus and parental species: cloning, expression patterns, and evolution

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Guo Li ◽  
Wei-Bo Yin ◽  
Li-Ying Song ◽  
Yu-Hong Chen ◽  
Rong-Zhan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Transit Peptides ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Comparative genomics is a useful tool to investigate gene and genome evolution. Biotin carboxylase (BC), an important subunit of heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that is a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis in dicots, catalyzes ATP, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and CO2 to form carboxybiotin carboxyl carrier protein. In this study, we cloned four genes encoding BC from Brassica napus L. (namely BnaC.BC.a, BnaC.BC.b, BnaA.BC.a, and BnaA.BC.b), and two were cloned from each of the two parental species Brassica rapa L. (BraA.BC.a and BraA.BC.b) and Brassica oleracea L. (BolC.BC.a and BolC.BC.b). Sequence analyses revealed that in B. napus the genes BnaC.BC.a and BnaC.BC.b were from the C genome of B. oleracea, whereas BnaA.BC.a and BnaA.BC.b were from the A genome of B. rapa. Comparative and cluster analysis indicated that these genes were divided into two major groups, BnaC.BC.a, BnaA.BC.a, BraA.BC.a, and BolC.BC.a in group-1 and BnaC.BC.b, BnaA.BC.b, BraA.BC.b, and BolC.BC.b in group-2. The divergence of group-1 and group-2 genes occurred in their common ancestor 13–17 million years ago (MYA), soon after the divergence of Arabidopsis and Brassica (15–20 MYA). This time of divergence is identical to the previously reported triplicated time of paralogous subgenomes of diploid Brassica species and the divergence date of group-1 and group-2 genes of α-carboxyltransferase, another subunit of heteromeric ACCase, in Brassica. Reverse transcription PCR revealed that the expression level of group-1 and group-2 genes varied in different organs, and the expression patterns of the two groups of genes were similar in different organs, except in flower. However, two paralogs of group-2 BC genes from B. napus could express differently in mature plants tested by generating BnaA.BC.b and BnaC.BC.b promoter–β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusions. The amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by these genes were highly conserved, except the sequence encoding predicted plastid transit peptides. The plastid transit peptides on the BC precursors of Brassica (71–72 amino acid residues) were predicted based on AtBC protein, compared, and confirmed by fusion with green fluorescent protein. Our results will be helpful in elucidating the evolution and the regulation of ACCase in the genus Brassica.

scholarly journals Analysis of the host-specific haemagglutination of influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in the 1995/6 season

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MORISHITA ◽  
E. NOBUSAWA ◽  
S. LUO ◽  
K. SATO ◽  
S. NAKAJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ha Protein ◽  
Group 1

Two phenotypes of human influenza A(H1N1) virus are currently circulating in Japan. One (group 1) agglutinates both chicken and goose red blood cells (CRBC and GRBC), the other (group 2) agglutinates GRBC but not CRBC. In the 1995/6 season, group 2 viruses accounted for 70% of the H1N1 viruses isolated in MDCK cells. The 1995/6 viruses were located on two branches of the genetic tree. One branch contained both group 1 and group 2 viruses and the other branch contained only group 2 viruses. Group 2 viruses had aspartic acid at residue 225 in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein, the key amino acid residue for group 2 phenotype. The HA protein of group 1 viruses had a change from aspartic acid to asparagine at residue 225 and the expressed HA protein of these viruses adsorbed CRBC. Serial passage of group 2 viruses in MDCK cells or embryonated chicken eggs caused these viruses to gain the ability to agglutinate CRBC. MDCK-adapted viruses had the same amino acid sequences of HA polypeptide as the original ones, but egg-adapted viruses had changed amino acid sequences. The expressed HA protein from one egg-adapted virus that originally belonged to group 2 adsorbed CRBC.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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