scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic household level and z‐score of BMI in children: results of a longitudinal study (624.14)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Liria| ◽  
Mary Penny ◽  
Ruy López‐Ridaura ◽  
Martín Romero‐Martínez ◽  
Benjamín Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Household Level

scholarly journals Nutritional Status in Childhood Cancer Survivors with Solid Tumors: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Sacks ◽  
Wendy Hobbie ◽  
Laura Byham-Gray ◽  
Robert Denmark ◽  
Yuane Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Large Tumor

Background: Malnutrition (under and overnutrition) occurs in children with solid tumors and has been linked with adverse outcomes during and after treatment. Assessment of nutritional status (NS) can be challenging due to large tumor burdens, atypical growth patterns and different methods for assessing NS. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study of children with solid tumors (n=61). Anthropometric data assessed [(diagnosis, after diagnosis (1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months, 5 years), end of treatment (EOT), initial cancer survivorship program (CSP) visit]. Registered dietitian nutritionist nutritional assessment (NA) during treatment and Intensity of Treatment Rating (ITR) documented. Results: At diagnosis, prevalence of undernutrition [(Z-score -1.0 to -2.99)] and overnutrition (Z-score ≥ +2.0) were 13.8% and 8.6%, respectively; weight status categories, 8.6%, 6.9%/13.8% were underweight, overweight/obese, respectively. Weight loss and decreased weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) occurred in 31.9% and 74.5% patients, respectively, at 1.5 months. At EOT, compared to diagnosis, WAZ and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) decreased and BMIZ increased. From EOT to CSP visit, overweight/obesity doubled, 7.7%/5.8% and 15.2/11.9%, respectively. Thirty-one percent of patients received a NA, occurring at lowest WAZ. Over 50% had ITR of level 3 or 4 and 88.9% had NA in level 4. Conclusions: Suboptimal NS continues at diagnosis, during treatment and survivorship. Normalized measures, accounting for expected growth, should be used instead of raw numbers. More than one nutrition indicator will identify atypical growth patterns and a proactive approach would help prevent malnutrition. Evidence based research is essential and collaboration necessary to meet the needs of this population.

scholarly journals Multilevel analysis of risk factors associated with severe underweight among children under 5 years: evidence from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Justice M K Aheto ◽  
Ogum-Alangea Deda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: Undernutrition among children <5yr. is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries like Ghana. Undernutrition increases the risk of child morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on household-level effects on severe underweight and associated factors. Objective: The study investigated the risk factors associated with severe underweight among children < 5yr.in Ghana and examined unobserved differences across households based on the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health surveys (GDHS) data. Methods: Data from a population-based cross-sectional study was obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Data on 2720 children nested within 1972 households was extracted for analysis. Our regression analysis used data on 2716 children with complete data on the outcome and risk factors. Children with weight-for-age Z-score below -3 standard deviations were classified as severely underweight based on the 2006 WHO child growth standards. We applied random intercept multilevel logistic regression to examine whether severe underweight status in children differ across households while simultaneously identifying potential risk factors. Results: A total of 2720 children had valid weight-for-age z-score and 53 (1.95%) of them were identified as severely underweight. In the univariate model, child level variables such as multiple birth [odds ratio (OR), 4.03;95%confidence interval (CI): 1.85-8.76]and child born average (OR, 2.17;95%CI: 1.09-4.32) or small (OR, 4.08; 95%CI: 2.01-8.28) in size at birth are associated with increased odds of severe underweight. Maternal/household level variables such as increase in number of children below 5 yr. (OR, 1.61; 95%CI: 1.28-2.04), poorest households (OR, 4.85; 95%CI: 1.14-20.59) and increase in number of births in last 5 yr. (OR, 1.80, 95%CI: 1.24-2.60) were associated with increased odds of severe underweight. Increase in maternal years of education (OR, 0.89; 95%CI: 0.83-0.95) was associated with reduced odds of severe underweight. In the multilevel logistic model, only type of birth (OR, 1.61;95%CI: 1.28-2.04), size of child (average: OR, 2.12;95%CI: 1.04-4.33; small: OR, 3.87;95%CI: 1.80-8.33) at birth, and maternal education (OR, 0.92;95%CI: 0.84-1.00) were independently associated with severe underweight. There were no significant residual household-level variations in severe underweight status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that improving maternal education, socioeconomic conditions of families, and family planning are critical in addressing severe underweight

scholarly journals The relative importance of households as a source of variation in child malnutrition: a multilevel analysis in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Jain ◽  
Justin Rodgers ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Poor Child ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Background Child malnutrition remains a major public health issue in India. Along with myriad upstream and social determinants of these adverse outcomes, recent studies have highlighted regional differences in mean child malnutrition rates. This research helps policy makers look between urban and rural communities and states to take a population-level approach to addressing the root causes of child malnutrition. However, one gap in this between-population approach has been the omission of households as a unit of analysis. Households could represent important sources of variation in child malnutrition within communities, districts, and states. Methods Using the fourth round of India’s National Family Health Survey from 2015 to 2016, we analyzed four and five-level multilevel models to estimate the proportion of variation in child malnutrition attributable to states, districts, communities, households, and children. Results Overall, we found that of the four levels that children were nested in (households, communities, districts, and states), the greatest proportion of variation in child height-for-age Z score, weight-for-age Z score, weight-for-height Z score, hemoglobin, birthweight, stunting, underweight, wasting, anemia, and low birthweight was attributable to households. Furthermore, we found that when the household level is omitted from models, the variance estimates for communities and children are overestimated. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of households as an important source of clustering and variation in child malnutrition outcomes. As such, policies and interventions should address household-level social determinants, such as asset and social deprivations, in order to prevent poor child growth outcomes among the most vulnerable households in India.

Migraine and cognitive function: Baseline findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pellegrino Baena ◽  
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart ◽  
Itamar de Souza Santos ◽  
Claudia Kimie Suemoto ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Migraine Headaches

Background The association between migraine and cognitive performance is unclear. We analyzed whether migraine is associated with cognitive performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil. Methods Cross-sectional analysis, including participants with complete information about migraine and aura at baseline. Headache status (no headaches, non-migraine headaches, migraine without aura and migraine with aura), based on the International Headache Society classification, was used as the dependent variable in the multilinear regression models, using the category “no headache” as reference. Cognitive performance was measured with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease word list memory test (CERAD-WLMT), the semantic fluency test (SFT), and the Trail Making Test version B (TMTB). Z-scores for each cognitive test and a composite global score were created and analyzed as dependent variables. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, gender, education, race, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, depression, and anxiety. In women, the models were further adjusted for hormone replacement therapy. Results We analyzed 4208 participants. Of these, 19% presented migraine without aura and 10.3% presented migraine with aura. All migraine headaches were associated with poor cognitive performance (linear coefficient β; 95% CI) at TMTB −0.083 (−0.160; −0.008) and poorer global z-score −0.077 (−0.152; −0.002). Also, migraine without aura was associated with poor cognitive performance at TMTB −0.084 (−0.160, −0.008 and global z-score −0.077 (−0.152; −0.002). Conclusion In participants of the ELSA-study, all migraine headaches and migraine without aura were significantly and independently associated with poorer cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Optimism in adults born preterm: Systematic review and individual-participant-data meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259463
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Robinson ◽  
Kati Heinonen ◽  
Polina Girchenko ◽  
Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen ◽  
Eero Kajantie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Individual Participant

Aim Preterm birth(<37 gestational weeks) is associated with numerous adversities, however, data on positive developmental outcomes remain limited. We examined if preterm and term born(≥37 gestational weeks) adults differ in dispositional optimism/pessimism, a personality trait associated with health and wellbeing. We assessed if birth weight z-score, neurosensory impairments and parental education modified the outcome. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for cohort or case-control studies(born ≥ 1970) with data on gestational age and optimism/pessimism reported using the Life-Orientation-Test-Revised in adulthood(≥18 years). The three identified studies(Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults; Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) provided data for the two-step random-effects linear regression Individual-Participant-Data meta-analysis. Results Preterm and term borns did not differ on optimism(p = 0.76). Preterms scored higher on pessimism than term borns(Mean difference = 0.35, 95%Confidence Interval 0.36, 0.60, p = 0.007), although not after full adjustment. Preterm born participants, but not term born participants, with higher birth weight z-score, had higher optimism scores (0.30 raw score units per standard deviation increase, 95% CI 0.10, 0.49, p = 0.003); preterm vs term x birth weight z-score interaction p = 0.004). Conclusions Preterm and term born adults display similar optimism. In preterms, higher birth weight may foster developmental trajectories promoting more optimistic life orientations.

School Achievement and Adult Qualifications among Adoptees: A Longitudinal Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Stephan Collishaw ◽  
Andrew Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Achievement

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

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