Ethylene glycol butyl ether deteriorates oocyte quality via impairing mitochondrial function

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Yilong Miao ◽  
Kemei Zhang ◽  
Shuai Gong ◽  
Bo Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Butyl Ether

scholarly journals Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Restores the Meiotic Competency of Porcine Oocytes Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilong Miao ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Qian Gao ◽  
Jingyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
And Function

Ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE), a type of glycol ethers, is a common chemical used in both industrial and household products. Increasing animal studies have indicated that it produces reproductive problems, such as testicular damage, reduced female fertility, death of embryos, and birth defects. However, how it influences the female germ cells has not yet determined. Here, we found that EGBE exposure resulted in the defective porcine oocyte maturation via disruption of cytoskeleton dynamics, showing the abnormal spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and actin organization. Meanwhile, EGBE exposure perturbed the mitochondrial distribution and function, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generation of DNA damage and apoptosis. Of note, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescued the meiotic defects caused by EGBE exposure via restoring NAD+ level and mitochondrial function and thus eliminating the excessive ROS. Taken together, our observations illustrate that NMN supplementation is an effective strategy to protect oocyte quality against environmental pollutant-induced deterioration, contributing to improve the animal and human fertility.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide Supplementation Improves Oocyte Quality and Offspring Development by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in an Aged Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Hyemin Min ◽  
Mijin Lee ◽  
Kyoung Sang Cho ◽  
Hyunjung Jade Lim ◽  
Yhong-Hee Shim
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Embryonic Lethality ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Ros Accumulation

Aging is associated with a decline in the quality of biological functions. Among the aging processes, reproductive aging is a critical process because of its intergenerational effects. However, the mechanisms underlying reproductive aging remain largely unknown. Female reproductive aging is the primary reason for limited fertility in mammals. Therefore, we attempted to investigate a modulator that can control female reproductive aging using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. In the present study, we examined the role of nicotinamide (NAM) in oocyte quality and offspring development. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress responses in aged oocytes, embryonic lethality, and developmental growth of the offspring were examined with maternal NAM supplementation. Supplementation with NAM improved oocyte quality, decreased embryonic lethality, and promoted germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, NAM supplementation in aged mothers reduced ROS accumulation and improved mitochondrial function in oocytes. Consequently, the developmental growth and motility of offspring were improved. These findings suggest that NAM supplementation improves the health of the offspring produced by aged mothers through improved mitochondrial function. Taken together, our results imply that NAM supplementation in the aged mother improves oocyte quality and protects offspring by modulating mitochondrial function.

A novel alkali and cosolvent thickening mechanism for latex

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 8984-8992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang He ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhengwei Cai ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Xinlin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Acrylic Latex

In this study, alkali-swellable acrylic latex (resin) and coalescent ethylene glycol butyl ether were combined to thicken the coating without the use of any thickeners.

Relative Volatilities of Ester and Amine Forms of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Amine Salts

The relative volatilities of various technical and formulated ester and amine salts of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were determined in a closed air-flow system consisting of a volatilization chamber and an ethylene glycol trap. The system was operated at a flow rate of 28.8 L/hr and a temperature of 30 C. Trapped herbicide vapor was analyzed by gas chromatography. The relative volatilities of technical gradeiso-propyl, butyl, propylene glycol butyl ether, andiso-octyl esters, were 56, 25 to 38, 4, and 1, respectively. The relative volatilities of various formulated esters and amines were of the magnitude of 440:33:1 for the high volatile, low volatile, and amine salts, respectively.

PREPARATION OF THE ETHERS OF VINYL ALCOHOL

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Methyl ◽  
Vinyl Ethers ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Vinyl Methyl Ether ◽  
Alkyl Ethers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dialkyl Ethers

The simple vinyl alkyl ethers are readily prepared from the β-bromo-ethyl ethers by the action of solid sodium hydroxide. Besides the vinyl ethers, the dialkyl ethers of diethylene glycol are formed in these reactions. β-Bromo-ethers are obtainable from the mono-ethers of ethylene glycol through the use of phosphorus tribromide. The constants of several vinyl ethers are given for the first time. The preparation of vinyl methyl ether, a gas at room temperature, and of vinyl n-butyl ether, b.p. 93.3 °C., is described.

scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether in paints using response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
A. F. I. Apanpa-Qasim ◽  
A. O. Adeyi ◽  
Sharvari Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analyses (PCA) modelling tools have been used in this study to quantitatively describe the interaction effects of more than one factor on system response for the modelling and optimization of experimental data. In Nigeria, there are no stringent policies in place by the government on paint production and this has led to unregulated paint products by producers in the commercial markets. Water-based paints currently available in Nigerian market were sampled. Experimental data of Metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether (Volatile organic compounds (VOC)) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID), respectively was used to develop a mathematical model. The principal component analyses were explained with a cumulative variance of 82% for the VOC and 76% for metals based on manufacturers. Estimated responses were compared with the experimentally determined responses and prediction capabilities of Response Surface Methodology. In the RSM, the 2 developed model had R value of 0.9569, with optimized value at 0.10 % (1000ppm) of Ethylene glycol butyl ether and concentration (ppm) ranges of As (383.0-1,930.0), Ca (614.0-10,400.0), Cd (98.0-2,000.0), Cr (10.3- 225.0), Cu (133.0-1,840.0), Fe 742.0-2,910.0, Mg (4,000.0-99,510.0), Pb (170.0-3,230.0). The correlation and optimization study employed are applicable for assessing the impact of hazardous air pollutants on indoor air quality and a good applicability in paint industries to produce products within the set limit of international standards. For the purpose of reducing sick building syndrome and protecting public health, it was important to investigate paints and sealers extensively. Keywords: VOCs; Paint; metals; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; Response Surface Method

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Function in Modulating Human Granulosa Cell Steroidogenesis and Female Fertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Dilip Bhargava Sreerangaraja Urs ◽  
Wen-Han Wu ◽  
Katerina Komrskova ◽  
Pavla Postlerova ◽  
Yung-Feng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Mitochondrial Mass ◽  
Ovarian Endometrioma ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Follicular Fluids

Ovarian follicle steroidogenesis associated with embryo quality results in a successful pregnancy. Each follicle consists of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells, which secrete several steroid and peptide hormones. Follicles harvested from women who conceived after assisted reproductive therapy (ART) had significantly higher estradiol levels in follicular fluids than the follicles from women who failed to conceive after ART. The higher follicular estradiol levels correlate well with successful fertilization following ART. Mitochondria are the central sites for steroid hormone biosynthesis. The first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones occurs in the mitochondria of granulosa cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that the mitochondria in granulosa cells are critical for maintaining oocyte quality and fertility capacity. This study aims to clarify the relationship between mitochondrial function and granulosa cell steroidogenesis, and the relationship between hormone levels and fertility capacity. Sera, follicular fluids and granulosa cells were obtained from individuals undergoing IVF-ET treatment. The oocyte numbers, oocyte quality, fertilization rate, and pregnancy rate were also recorded. The patients who provided the granulosa cells were further classified into four groups: endometriosis, ovarian endometrioma, endometriosis without ovarian endometrioma, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); patients with other female factor infertility and male factor infertility were used as controls. We measured the levels of estradiol (E2) by radioimmunoassay. Concurrently, we analyzed the mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, and apoptosis by flow cytometry using nonyl acridine orange, TMRE, Annexin V-FITC and PI. Mitochondrial morphology was visualized by transfection with pLV-mitoDsRed. In addition, we assessed the protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) by Western blot. The results showed significantly decreased serum E2 and follicular E2 levels, and decreased IVF outcomes, in the patients with endometriosis. Reduced mitochondrial mass and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were correlated with lower E2. Furthermore, a significant decrease in StAR and 3β-HSD was found in patients with ovarian endometrioma. The enzyme levels of StAR and 3β-HSD were highly correlated with E2 levels. Finally, elevated cumulus cell apoptosis was found in the patient group with ovarian endometrioma and PCOS. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction of human granulosa cells may contribute to the decline of steroidogenesis, decreased fertilization rate, oocyte maturation rate, and oocyte quality, and it can ultimately jeopardize fertility.

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