The Relationship between the Visual Analog Pain Intensity and Pain Relief Scale Changes during Analgesic Drug Studies in Chronic Pain Patients 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Angst ◽  
William G. Brose ◽  
John B. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Analgesic Drug ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drug Studies ◽  
Pain Patients

Background Most analgesic drug studies in humans quantify drug action based on verbal reports of pain intensity and pain relief. Although measures of pain intensity and pain relief show a good overall correlation, it is not known if they relate to each other consistently over time Such consistency is necessary if both measures are used to depict analgesic drug action versus time. This study examined in chronic pain patients if the relationship between visual analog pain intensity and pain relief scores was consistent during two analgesic drug studies. Methods Data from two independently performed analgesic drug studies were analyzed using linear regression. Data were split into pain intensity and pain relief scores recorded before and after patients' experience of maximum analgesia (>90% of maximum pain relief). The slopes of the linear regression line depicting pain intensity versus pain relief scores before and after maximum analgesia were statistically compared. Results The slope of the linear regression line before and after maximum analgesia was significantly different in both drug studies (nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals), -2.16+/-0.57 versus -1.05+/-0.10 and -1.47+/-0.26 versus -1.09+/-0.07, respectively. These results are compatible with the observation that patients indicating the same pain intensity before and after maximum analgesia reported a different magnitude of pain relief. Conclusions The relationship between visual analog pain intensity and pain relief scores changed systematically during both analgesic drug studies. The authors hypothesize that patients' interpretation of the pain relief scale had changed during the studies and therefore suggest using the pain intensity scale to quantify analgesic drug action over time.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REVIU RKA-K/L OLEH APIP TERHADAP EFISIENSI ALOKASI ANGGARAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Edy Effendi ◽  
Muhammad Imron
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Research on the role of the APIP review of the Ministry/agency Work Plan and Budget document to determine the impact on the efficiency of ministry/agency spending (case study at the Ministry of Religion). The method used in this study uses simple linear regression with dummy. The use of linear regression is used to examine the relationship between independent variables (certain types of expenditure) and dependent variables (total expenditure). Whereas, dummy is used to find out before and after the APIP review is done. Throughout the author's search, this research has never been done. Based on the results of linear regression obtained, the APIP review significantly had a positive effect on official travel expenditure and honorarium but did not significantly affect building spending and equipment. Abstrak   Penelitian atas peran reviu APIP atas dokumen Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Kementerian Negara/Lembaga untuk mengetahui dampaknya terhadap efisiensi belanja kementerian/lembaga (studi kasus pada Kementerian Agama). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan dummy. Penggunaan regresi liner digunakan untuk meneliti hubungan antara variable independen (jenis belanja tertentu) dan variable dependen (total belanja). Sedangkan, dummy digunakan untuk mengetahui sebelum dan setelah reviu APIP dilakukan. Sepanjang penelusuran penulis, penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier diperoleh, reviu APIP signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap  belanja perjalanan dinas dan honorarium tetapi tidak signifikan berbengaruh terhadap belanja gedung dan alat.

scholarly journals ODI Cannot Account for All Variation in PROMIS Scores in Patients With Thoracolumbar Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Peter G. Passias ◽  
Samantha R. Horn ◽  
Frank A. Segreto ◽  
Cole A. Bortz ◽  
Katherine E. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Thoracolumbar Spine ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Pain Intensity Score ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Relationship

Study Design: Retrospective review of single institution. Objective: To assess the relationship between Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores in thoracolumbar patients. Methods: Included: Patients ≥18 years with a thoracolumbar spine condition (spinal stenosis, disc herniation, low back pain, disc degeneration, spondylolysis). Bivariate correlations assessed the linear relationships between ODI and PROMIS (Physical Function, Pain Intensity, and Pain Interference). Correlation cutoffs assessed patients with high and low correlation between ODI and PROMIS. Linear regression predicted the relationship of ODI to PROMIS. Results: A total of 206 patients (age 53.7 ± 16.6 years, 49.5% female) were included. ODI correlated with PROMIS Physical Function ( r = −0.763, P < .001), Pain Interference ( r = 0.800, P < .001), and Pain Intensity ( r = 0.706, P < .001). ODI strongly predicted PROMIS for Physical Function ( R2 = 0.58, P < .001), Pain Intensity ( R2 = 0.50, P < .001), and Pain Interference ( R2 = 0.64, P < .001); however, there is variability in PROMIS that ODI cannot account for. ODI questions about sitting and sleeping were weakly correlated across the 3 PROMIS domains. Linear regression showed overall ODI score as accounting for 58.3% ( R2 = 0.583) of the variance in PROMIS Physical Function, 63.9% ( R2 = 0.639) of the variance in Pain Interference score, and 49.9% ( R2 = 0.499) of the variance in Pain Intensity score. Conclusions: There is a large amount of variability with PROMIS that cannot be accounted for with ODI. ODI questions regarding walking, social life, and lifting ability correlate strongly with PROMIS while sitting, standing, and sleeping do not. These results reinforce the utility of PROMIS as a valid assessment for low back disability, while indicating the need for further evaluation of the factors responsible for variation between PROMIS and ODI.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOYBEANS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Photosynthetic rate of soybeans (on a leaf area basis, PA) estimated from the incorporation of 14CO2 under field conditions was highly correlated with chlorophyll content of the side leaflets of the same leaves. Among a collection of 48 cultivars, the linear regression of PA on chlorophyll content accounted for 44% of the variation, whereas with a selection of genotypes with various mutant chlorophyll genes, the regression accounted for 81%. When the data for the two tests were re-calculated relative to the check cv. Altona, a quadratic equation between PA and chlorophyll accounted for nearly 90% of the variation. When photosynthetic rate was expressed on a unit chlorophyll basis (Pc), no significant differences among lines were established in the cultivar test. In the mutants test, significant differences in Pc were established with higher values of Pc associated with lower chlorophyll contents; a linear regression accounted for 45% of the variation. Transformation of the data from both experiments relative to Altona allowed the fitting of a common regression line (quadratic) which accounted for 63% of the variation. We suggest that initial screening of progenies in a breeding program for high photosynthetic rate could be done by measuring chlorophyll content.

Relationship between time to onset of relief and total pain relief of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer using fentanyl pectin nasal spray.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19544-e19544
Author(s):  
John D. Conroy ◽  
Luis M. Torres ◽  
Julia Revnic ◽  
Ravi Tayi ◽  
Michael Sidney Perelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Breakthrough Pain ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
Time To Onset ◽  
The Relationship

e19544 Background: Breakthrough pain in cancer (BTPc) is typified by a rapid onset of severe pain with a limited duration. Treatment for BTPc requires rapid onset of pain relief. The main purpose of this analysis was to assess the relationship between time to onset of pain relief and overall pain relief in patients treating BTPc with fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS, Lazanda, PecFent). Methods: Data were pooled from FPNS-treated episodes of 2 randomized, double-blind, crossover studies assessing efficacy of FPNS in adults who experienced BTPc despite background pain that was adequately controlled with at least 60 mg/day morphine (or equivalent). Patients initially entered a dose-titration phase to establish dose of FPNS (100 to 800 mcg) to be used during the treatment phase of each study. Pain intensity (PI) was assessed at baseline and scheduled time points on an 11-point scale (0=no pain, 10=worst possible pain). This analysis assessed the relationship of time to onset of pain relief (≥1 point reduction in PI from baseline) to total pain relief (Summed Pain Intensity Difference [SPID] at 30 and 60 min postdose [SPID30 and SPID60]) by ANOVA. Responses are also provided for the placebo-treated episodes during the placebo-controlled trial. Results: There were 831 episodes of BTPc that were treated with FPNS. Mean SPID was highest when pain relief was earliest (p<0.001). When PI difference (PID) ≥1 was attained by 5, 10, and 15 min postdose, mean (SD) SPID30 scores were 13.1 (6.7), 7.6 (4.0), and 3.5 (1.8). In the placebo-controlled trial, a similar overall response (p<0.001) was observed during the 200 placebo-treated episodes: among those attaining PID ≥1 by 5, 10, and 15 min postdose, SPID30 was 12.2 (7.0), 5.3 (3.3), and 2.5 (1.0), respectively. Similarly, significant differences were observed for SPID60 with both treatments. Conclusions: Earlier time to onset of pain intensity reduction in BTPc treatment resulted in higher SPID at 30 and 60 minutes postdose of FPNS and placebo. Results suggest that early onset of relief may be associated with a greater overall degree of relief for episodes of BTPc, which emphasizes the need for rapid-acting agents in the management of breakthrough pain.

Switching from high doses of pure µ-opioid agonists to transdermal buprenorphine in patients with cancer: A feasibility study

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Lundorff, MD ◽  
Per Sjøgren, DmSci, MD ◽  
Ole Bo Hansen, MD ◽  
Torsten Jonsson, MD ◽  
Per Rotbøll Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Breakthrough Pain ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Opioid Agonists ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Individual

Background: Several myths on buprenorphine’s pharmacology exist: possible analgesic ceiling effect, feasibility of combination with other opioid agonists, and the reversibility of side effects. Aim to evaluate: 1) if cancer patients receiving high doses of pure agonists could obtain adequate pain relief after switching to transdermal (TD) buprenorphine and 2) whether the numbers of breakthrough pain episodes after switching increased and whether they could be treated with the same doses of pure agonist as before switching.Design: The prospective open multicenter study included outpatients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain satisfactorily controlled.Setting: Patients were switched from the usual pure agonist to TD buprenorphine and were titrated to a stable dose. The assessments were: 1) daily self-assessment of pain intensity, numbers of rescue medications, and pain interference with sleep; 2) brief pain inventory; 3) pain relief and pain intensity; 4) quality of life; and 5) adverse events and symptoms.Results: Eighteen patients receiving 150-516 mg of morphine/day were included. The buprenorphine dose at the end of the study varied between 52.5 and 140 mg/h. No difference in pain before and after switching was shown. The level of rescue doses was maintained. The patches were well tolerated. A significant decrease in fatigue and an increase in global health status were seen after the switch.Conclusion: It is feasible to switch cancer patients from high doses of pure µ- opioid agonists to TD buprenorphine without eliciting any antagonist effects, but the dose conversion factor is individual and the switching process should be tailored for the individual patient.

Relationship between serum lactate and ionized calcium in open-heart surgery.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1849-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Toffaletti ◽  
R H Christenson ◽  
S Mullins ◽  
R E Harris
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We studied 16 patients undergoing open-heart surgery and heart-lung bypass, to examine the relationship between ionized calcium and lactate. Blood was sampled at successive stages of the operation for measurement of ionized and total calcium, lactate, blood gases, pH, hematocrit, and other constituents. We found that correlations between ionized calcium and lactate were positive and statistically significant (p less than 0.05), both among and within patients. The linear regression of ionized calcium on lactate remained highly significant (p less than 0.0001) after adjustment for variability among patients and across operative stages as well as after correction for pH and hemodilution. The significant regressions between calcium and lactate, both before and after administration of calcium, indicate a relationship for calcium and lactate in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Self efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between pain intensity, disability and depression in chronic pain patients

Pain ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arnstein ◽  
Margaret Caudill ◽  
Carol Lynn Mandle ◽  
Anne Norris ◽  
Ralph Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Patients

scholarly journals Use Diluted Tomato Petiole Sap for K Measurement with the Cardy Meter

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795D-795
Author(s):  
Henry G. Taber* ◽  
Vince Lawson ◽  
Diane Shogren
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Rate Experiment ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Petiole Sap

Undiluted tomato petiole sap from a variety by K rate experiment (48 treatment rep combinations) was used to measure K concentration via the battery operated portable Cardy meter and ICP laboratory instrumentation. Three sample 1998 dates, 16 July., 21 Aug., and 8 Sept., resulted in K sap readings by ICP of 3917, 2612, and 2297 ppm, respectively. At sap levels below 3000 ppm the linear Cardy:ICP correlation was r = 0.04, but above 3000 ppm only 0.53. From 3500 to 5000 ppm K the Cardy meter under estimated actual sap K by 200 to 900 ppm. For the years 1999 and 2001, tomato petiole sap at each sample date (4) was diluted 1:1 with deionized water. The linear regression equation describing the relationship between ICP and Cardy meter measurements was: Cardy K ppm = 0.733 * ICP + 685 (r = 0.92, n = 190). The Cardy meter error over the 2000 to 5000 ppm K range was 8 to 12%. Petiole sap K, measured by either Cardy or ICP, was highly correlated to whole leaf K concentration both years. But even though the slope of the regression lines was similar the intercepts were significantly different (P≤.01). The significant 0.32% K difference in whole leaf between years precluded the development of a common regression line to predict whole leaf K from Cardy petiole sap determinations. The Cardy meter can be reliably used for tomato petiole K determination provided the sap is diluted and the usual handling precautions are taken to prevent petiole moisture loss.

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