RELATIONSHIP OF %HRMAX AND %VO2MAX IN NORMAL WEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT, AND OBESE YOUTH

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity has become a major public health problem in many countries. To explore the risk factors of overweight in infants and young children might be helpful in developing an early overweight intervention strategy.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of overweight and the relationship of parental characteristics and feeding practices to overweight in infants and young children in Beijing, China.DesignData on weight and length/height were collected on 4654 children aged 1–35 months in twelve communities in Beijing from a cross-sectional study. Overweight was defined as weight-for-length/height ≥2sd above the median of the WHO reference. Two hundred and fifteen families with overweight children and 215 families with normal-weight children were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain feeding practices.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight was 4·7 %. Both parental overweight and low parental education were significantly higher among overweight than normal-weight children. The total energy intake was significantly higher in overweight than in normal-weight children at 12–35 months of age. Compared with normal-weight children, significantly fewer overweight children were breast-fed for at least 4 months. Overweight children were also more likely to have been introduced to infant formula and semi-solid foods during the first 4 months.ConclusionEarly prevention strategies should include feeding practices identified as putting children at risk of obesity. These include early cessation of breast-feeding and premature introduction of other foods.

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Obesity and Metabolic Phenotypes (Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Variants) Are Significantly Associated with Prevalence of Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Hepatic Steatosis in a Large Healthy Brazilian Population

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2015/178526 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sameer Shaharyar ◽

Lara L. Roberson ◽

Omar Jamal ◽

Adnan Younus ◽

Michael J. Blaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Normal Weight ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Relationship Of

Background. Among the obese, the so-called metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is thought to confer a lower CVD risk as compared to obesity with typical associated metabolic changes. The present study aims to determine the relationship of different subtypes of obesity with inflammatory-cardiometabolic abnormalities.Methods. We evaluated 5,519 healthy, Brazilian subjects (43±10years, 78% males), free of known cardiovascular disease. Those with <2 metabolic risk factors (MRF) were considered metabolically healthy, and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2and/or waist circumference meeting NCEP criteria for metabolic syndrome as overweight/obese (OW). High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured to assess underlying inflammation and hepatic steatosis (HS) was determined via abdominal ultrasound.Results. Overall, 40% of OW individuals were metabolically healthy, and 12% normal-weight had ≥2 MRF. The prevalence of elevated CRP (≥3 mg/dL) and HS in MHO versus normal weight metabolically healthy group was 22% versus 12%, and 40% versus 8% respectively (P<0.001). Both MHO individuals and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) phenotypes were associated with elevated hsCRP and HS.Conclusion. Our study suggests that MHO and MUNW phenotypes may not be benign and physicians should strive to treat individuals in these subgroups to reverse these conditions.

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Relationship of Weight Change Patterns From Young to Middle Adulthood With Incident Cardiovascular Diseases

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa823 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mengyi Liu ◽

Zhuxian Zhang ◽

Chun Zhou ◽

Panpan He ◽

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Weight Change ◽

Later Life ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Self Report ◽

Middle Adulthood ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

First Occurrence ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Context The effect of weight change patterns on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains uncertain. Objective We aim to examine the relation of weight change patterns and absolute weight change from young adulthood to midlife with incident CVD. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016. Participants A total of 20 715 US adults aged 40 through 79 with recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years) and midlife (10 years before baseline). Main Outcome Measure CVD status was determined by self-report of a prior diagnosis, and age at diagnosis was used to establish time of CVD onset. CVD events was defined as the first occurrence of a congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke. Results After 9.76 years of follow-up, compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those in maximum overweight, changing from nonobese to obese, changing from obese to nonobese, maintaining obesity between young and middle adulthood had a 39% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.62), 93% (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.64-2.28), 125% (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.29-3.94), and 132% (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.68-3.20) higher risk of CVD, respectively. In addition, compared with weight change within 2.5 kg, weight gain ≥ 10.0 kg was associated with higher risk of CVD. Conclusions Both nonobese to obese, obese to nonobese, and stable obese from young to middle adulthood were associated with increased risks of CVD. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining normal weight throughout the adulthood for preventing CVD in later life.

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Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and adiposity in normal weight and overweight women: effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight loss

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.81.12.4406 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (12) ◽

pp. 4406-4413 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

P. J. Havel

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Fat Content ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Sustained Weight Loss ◽

Plasma Leptin ◽

Relationship Of

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The Impact of Strenuous Group Physical Activity on Mood States, Personal Views, Body Composition, and Markers of Myocardial Damage in Overweight/Obese Adults: The “Step-by-Step Italy’s Coast to Coast” Trek

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/854129 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claudia Mazzeschi ◽

Natalia Piana ◽

Daniela Capezzali ◽

Antonella Mommi ◽

Cristina Aiello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Long Distance ◽

Obese People ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact

It is clinically relevant to understand whether it is safe to recommend to trained overweight/obese people long-distance treks and whether these experiences could have a negative psychological impact or become even dangerous exposing the trekkers to the risk of clinically silent myocardial damage. To answer these questions we have performed a quantitative/qualitative study comparing the changes in mood profiles, personal views, body composition, and plasma troponin levels of 40 overweight/obese subjects with those of 36 healthy normal weight subjects after the participation in a trek of 388 km from the Adriatic to the Tyrrhenian seas trek: the “Step by step…Italy’s coast to coast”. The results of this study demonstrate that long-distance treks are a safe activity for trained overweight/obese people which should be recommended because they improve mood, health status, and the relationship of participants with themselves and with the regular practice of exercise with effects similar to those obtained by healthy normal weight subjects.

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Ventilatory and perceptual responses to cycle exercise in obese women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 2217-2226 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Dror Ofir ◽

Pierantonio Laveneziana ◽

Katherine A. Webb ◽

Denis E. O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Cost ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Flow Limitation ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cycle Exercise ◽

Expiratory Flow Limitation ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Mechanical Factors ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

Relationship Of

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of respiratory mechanical factors and the increased metabolic cost of locomotion to exertional breathlessness in obese women. We examined the relationship of intensity of breathlessness to ventilation (V̇e) when exertional oxygen uptake (V̇o2) of obesity was minimized by cycle exercise. Eighteen middle-aged (54 ± 8 yr, mean ± SD) obese [body mass index (BMI) 40.2 ± 7.8 kg/m2] and 13 age-matched normal-weight (BMI 23.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) women were studied. Breathlessness at higher submaximal cycle work rates was significantly increased (by ≥1 Borg unit) in obese compared with normal-weight women, in association with a 35–45% increase in V̇e and a higher metabolic cost of exercise. Obese women demonstrated greater resting expiratory flow limitation, reduced resting end-expiratory lung volume (EELV)(by 20%), and progressive increases in dynamic EELV during exercise: peak inspiratory capacity (IC) decreased by 16% (0.39 liter) of the resting value. V̇e/V̇o2 slopes were unchanged in obesity. Breathlessness ratings at any given V̇e or V̇o2 were not increased in obesity, suggesting that respiratory mechanical factors were not contributory. Our results indicate that in obese women, recruitment of resting IC and dynamic increases in EELV with exercise served to optimize operating lung volumes and to attenuate expiratory flow limitation so as to accommodate the increased ventilatory demand without increased breathlessness.

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