Variable relationship of fat mass and bone with pubertal staging in obese and normal weight Indian children and adolescents

AbstractFat mass (FM) has been shown to have an effect on bone mass accrual. Though gender and ethnic differences in body composition and bone accrual during puberty have been reported, there are limited data available for Indian children and adolescents.To generate age and gender based percentile charts of FM among urban Indian children and adolescents and to evaluate the relationship with pubertal status and bone mineral content (BMC).There were 1403 children and adolescents (boys: 826; girls: 577) in the study.Total and regional FM, BMC, and pubertal staging were assessed. Fat mass index (FMI), FM/height ratio and BMC/FM ratio, were calculated.The age of the study population ranged from 5 to 18 years, with a mean age of 13.2±2.7 years (boys: 13.0±2.7; girls: 13.4±2.8 years). Total and regional FM as well as FMI increased with increasing age in both genders. The highest percent increase in mean total FM occurred in the age group >8–11 years and decreased thereafter. The total and regional FM was higher in more advanced stages of pubertal maturation. There was no difference in total and regional FM between genders in prepubertal group. The age and pubertal associated increase in FM was significantly higher in girls than boys (p<0.0001). Total as well as regional FM and FMI were positively correlated with age, body mass index, total lean mass, and BMC even after adjusting for age, lean mass, and biochemical parameters.Total and regional FM increased with age and pubertal maturation in both genders. FM was positively correlated with BMC.

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Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12114

Author(s):

David Monasor-Ortolá ◽

Jose Antonio Quesada-Rico ◽

Ana Pilar Nso-Roca ◽

Mercedes Rizo-Baeza ◽

Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Weight Status ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Z Score ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Z Scores ◽

Total Fat

Obesity is caused by fat accumulation. BMI Z-score is used to classify the different degrees of weight status in children and adolescents. However, this parameter does not always express the true percentage of body fat. Our objective was to determine the degree of agreement between the fat mass percentage measured by DXA and the stratification of weight according to BMI Z-score in the pediatric age group. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study. The patients were classified as underweight/normal weight with Z-scores between −2 and +0.99, overweight from 1 to 1.99, obese from 2 to 2.99, and very obese ≥3. We included 551 patients (47% girls), with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.8 years (3.7–18 years). Higher BMI Z-scores were associated with a higher percentage of total fat (p < 0.001). However, there were important overlaps between both parameters, such that the BMI Z-score classified patients with the same percentage of total fat mass as having a different nutritional status classification. In conclusion, the stratification of weight status according to BMI Z-score revealed that 46.7% of patients had a fat percentage that did not correspond to their classification. For a more accurate weight assessment in clinical practice, we recommend combining anthropometric indices with diagnostic tools that better correlate with DXA, such as electrical bioimpedance.

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Intraindividual coexistence of anthropometric undernutrition and “metabolic obesity” in Indian Children: A paradox that needs action

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123356/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Harshpal Singh Sachdev ◽

Akash Porwal ◽

Avina Sarna ◽

Rajib Acharya ◽

Sowmya Ramesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Indian Children

Abstract BackgroundIntraindividual coexistence of anthropometrically defined undernutrition and “metabolic obesity”, characterised by presence of at least one abnormal cardiometabolic risk factor, is rarely investigated in young children and adolescents, particularly in Low-and-Middle-Income-Countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition. MethodsPrevalence of biomarkers of metabolic obesity was related to anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics in 5-19 years old participants from the population-based Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey in India (2016-2018). The biomarkers, serum lipid-profile (total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides), fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and all jointly were analysed in 22567, 23192, 25962 and 19143 participants, respectively.ResultsOverall (entire dataset), the prevalence of abnormalities was low (4.3-4.5%) for LDL and TC, intermediate for dysglycemia (10.9-16.1%), and high for HDL and triglycerides (21.7-25.8%). Proportions with ≥1 abnormal metabolic obesity biomarker(s) were 56.2% overall, 54.2% in thin (BMI-for-age <-2SD) and 59.3% in stunted (height-for-age <-2SD) participants. Comparable prevalence was evident in mild undernutrition (-1 to -2 SD). Clustering of two borderline abnormalities occurred in one-third, warranting active life-style interventions. Metabolic obesity prevalence increased with BMI-for-age. Among those with metabolic obesity, only 9% were overweight/obese (>1SD BMI-for-age). Among poor participants, triglyceride, glucose and HDL abnormalities were higher. ConclusionsA paradoxical, counter-intuitive prevalence of metabolic obesity biomarker(s) exists in over half of anthropometrically undernourished and normal-weight Indian children and adolescents. There is a crucial need for commensurate investments to address overnutrition along with undernutrition. Nutritional status should be characterized through additional reliable biomarkers, instead of anthropometry alone.

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Bone status of Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.2.p63 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Parthasarathy Lavanya ◽

Khadilkar Anuradha ◽

Ekbote Veena ◽

Chiplonkar Shashi ◽

Mughal Zulf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Indian Children ◽

Bone Status

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Relationship of IGF1 and bone parameters in 7--16 year old apparently healthy Indian children

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.4.p23 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Neha Kajale ◽

Veena Ekbote ◽

Sonal Palande ◽

Dhanashri Shilvant ◽

Rubina Mandlik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indian Children ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Apparently Healthy

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Characterization and prevalence of obesity among normal weight college students

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kara C. Anderson ◽

Katie R. Hirsch ◽

Austin M. Peterjohn ◽

Malia N.M. Blue ◽

Alexis A. Pihoker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

High Density ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractNormal weight obesity (NWO) describes individuals who have a normal weight body mass index (BMI), but have an unhealthy amount of body fat. Based on the life-long habits that develop during college, exploring NWO among a college-aged population may be essential in identifying and preventing obesity that develops in early adulthood. This study aimed to characterize NWO among young adults with normal weight BMI. 94 college students (Mean ± SD: Age: 19.6 ± 1.5 yrs; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2) enrolled during the Fall semester (Aug-Oct) were assessed for body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and trunk fat; lifestyle habits were characterized from validated questionnaires. Mean arterial pressure and metabolic biomarkers [total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, non-high density lipoproteins, and glucose] were evaluated for cardiometabolic health. NWO was defined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for body fat percentage. Data was analyzed by group (NWO vs NWL) and sex. with independent t-tests to investigate continuous data, and chi-square test of independence for categorical data. Rates of NWO for the total sample were 13.8%. Males (n=30) had a higher rate of NWO (26.7%) compared to females (n=64; 7.8%). NWO individuals had higher fat mass (p=0.024), trunk fat (p<0.001), and larger waist to hip ratio (p<0.001) than normal weight lean. NWO also engaged in less vigorous physical activity (p=0.043). The occurrence of NWO among otherwise healthy college students is evident. Identification of these individuals may be an effective component for obesity prevention and treatment. Determining feasible methods to measure body fat in this population is essential, as BMI may mask obesity in a young adult population.

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Relationship of Sodium Intake with Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Data from the CNNHS 2010–2012

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4551

Author(s):

Kehong Fang ◽

Yuna He ◽

Yuehui Fang ◽

Yiyao Lian

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Positive Association ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Weighing Method ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chinese Children And Adolescents

This study aims to examine association between sodium intake and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Data were obtained from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNNHS), 2010–2012. All participants recruited in this study aged 7–18 years old and provided complete dietary data on three-day consecutive 24 h dietary recalls combining with the household weighing method. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to define overweight/obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was used to define abdominal obesity. Sodium intake showed association with risk of overweight/obesity assessed by BMI in the highest tertile group with OR of 1.48 (95%CI 1.13–1.94) and 1.89 (95%CI 1.33–2.67) for WHtR. After adjusted for gender, age, household income, area, energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, and fiber intake, the relationship between sodium intake and overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity are not changed. The same results were founded in subjects aged 10–18 years old. Our results reveal a positive association between sodium intake and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents, independent of energy consumption.

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Decreased Muscle-to-Fat Mass Ratio Is Associated with Low Muscular Fitness and High Alanine Aminotransferase in Children and Adolescent Boys in Organized Sports Clubs

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2272

Author(s):

Kai Ushio ◽

Yukio Mikami ◽

Hiromune Obayashi ◽

Hironori Fujishita ◽

Kouki Fukuhara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Adolescent Boys ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Fat Mass Ratio

Decreased muscle-to-fat mass ratio (MFR) is associated with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may reduce muscular fitness. Regular exercise in sports clubs has not led to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents; they may have decreased MFR. Decreased MFR could cause reduced muscular fitness, which may put them at risk for NAFLD development. We investigated whether MFR is related to muscular fitness and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), to determine whether MFR could be used to screen for NAFLD in children and adolescent boys belonging to sports clubs. Altogether, 113 participants (aged 7–17 years) who underwent body composition, laboratory, and muscular fitness measurements during a medical checkup were divided into tertiles according to their MFR. Lower extremity muscular fitness values were significantly decreased in the lowest MFR tertile (p < 0.001); conversely, serum ALT levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Decreased MFR significantly increased the risk of elevated ALT, which requires screening for NAFLD, after adjusting for age, obesity, muscular fitness parameters, and metabolic risk factors (odds ratio = 8.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.60–45.6, p = 0.012). Physical fitness and body composition assessments, focusing on MFR, can be useful in improving performance and screening for NAFLD in children and adolescents exercising in sports clubs.

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Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-020-00500-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Niu ◽

Xue-lin Zhao ◽

Hui-juan Ruan ◽

Xiao-meng Mao ◽

Qing-ya Tang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Dietary Control ◽

Obese Children ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

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