A PUBLIC HEALTH COURSE IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS WITH EMPHASIS UPON THE SOCIAL NATURE OF OPTOMETRY AT THE PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY*

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 804-812
Author(s):  
Alden N. Haffner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Course

scholarly journals Social Capital Dimensions are Differentially Associated with COVID-19 Vaccinations, Masks, and Physical Distancing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtihal Ferwana ◽  
Lav R. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Family Unity

Background Social capital has been associated with health outcomes in communities and can explain variations in different geographic localities. Social capital has also been associated with behaviors that promote better health and reduce the impacts of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, face masking, and vaccination have all been essential in controlling contagion. These behaviors have not been uniformly adopted by communities in the United States. Using different facets of social capital to explain the differences in public behaviors among communities during pandemics is lacking. Objective This study examines the relationship among public health behavior, vaccination, face masking, and physical distancing during COVID-19 pandemic and social capital indices in counties in the United States. Methods We used publicly available vaccination data as of June 2021, face masking data in July 2020, and mobility data from mobile phones movements from the end of March 2020. Then, correlation analysis was conducted with county-level social capital index and its subindices (family unity, community health, institutional health, and collective efficacy) that were obtained from the Social Capital Project by the United States Senate. Results We found the social capital index and its subindices differentially correlate with different public health behaviors. Vaccination is associated with institutional health: positively with fully vaccinated population and negatively with vaccination hesitancy. Also, wearing masks negatively associates with community health, whereases reduced mobility associates with better community health. Further, residential mobility positively associates with family unity. By comparing correlation coefficients, we find that social capital and its subindices have largest effect sizes on vaccination and residential mobility. Conclusion Our results show that different facets of social capital are significantly associated with adoption of protective behaviors, e.g., social distancing, face masking, and vaccination. As such, our results suggest that differential facets of social capital imply a Swiss cheese model of pandemic control planning where, e.g., institutional health and community health, provide partially overlapping behavioral benefits.

scholarly journals Social capital dimensions are differentially associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, masks, and physical distancing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260818
Author(s):  
Ibtihal Ferwana ◽  
Lav R. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Family Unity

Background Social capital has been associated with health outcomes in communities and can explain variations in different geographic localities. Social capital has also been associated with behaviors that promote better health and reduce the impacts of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, face masking, and vaccination have all been essential in controlling contagion. These behaviors have not been uniformly adopted by communities in the United States. Using different facets of social capital to explain the differences in public behaviors among communities during pandemics is lacking. Objective This study examines the relationship among public health behavior—vaccination, face masking, and physical distancing—during COVID-19 pandemic and social capital indices in counties in the United States. Methods We used publicly available vaccination data as of June 2021, face masking data in July 2020, and mobility data from mobile phones movements from the end of March 2020. Then, correlation analysis was conducted with county-level social capital index and its subindices (family unity, community health, institutional health, and collective efficacy) that were obtained from the Social Capital Project by the United States Senate. Results We found the social capital index and its subindices differentially correlate with different public health behaviors. Vaccination is associated with institutional health: positively with fully vaccinated population and negatively with vaccination hesitancy. Also, wearing masks negatively associates with community health, whereases reduced mobility associates with better community health. Further, residential mobility positively associates with family unity. By comparing correlation coefficients, we find that social capital and its subindices have largest effect sizes on vaccination and residential mobility. Conclusion Our results show that different facets of social capital are significantly associated with adoption of protective behaviors, e.g., social distancing, face masking, and vaccination. As such, our results suggest that differential facets of social capital imply a Swiss cheese model of pandemic control planning where, e.g., institutional health and community health, provide partially overlapping behavioral benefits.

scholarly journals The “Healthy Akame!” community – government – university collaboration for health: a community-based participatory mixed-method approach to address health issue in rural Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinda Asiah Nuril Haya ◽  
Shuhei Ichikawa ◽  
Yukino Shibagaki ◽  
Akame Machijuu Genki Project Community Advisory Board ◽  
Hideki Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Community Health Program

Abstract Background: Although Japan has a decentralized public health system, local governments have considered expert opinions over those of the community in decisions about public health programs. Differences in communities’ interests may create gaps between health program objectives and implementation. We hypothesized that community-based participatory research (CBPR), which involves the community at every step, promotes effective program implementation and community empowerment. This study addressed the first step of CBPR, assessing community needs and developing tailored health program for a rural community in Japan. Methods: In this sequential exploratory mixed-method study (qualitative followed by quantitative), we first formed a community advisory board (CAB) representing community organizations, city officials, and university researchers. The CAB conducted group discussions with community residents to identify the community’s health issues and strengths. These group discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the results were used to develop a questionnaire, which was subsequently sent to all households in the community to obtain priority scores for health issues and proposed action and to assess willingness to participate in community health program. The CAB then designed a program using the overall study results. Results: Ten group discussions with 68 participants identified the following health issues: 1) diseases; 2) unhealthy behaviors; and 3) unsupportive environment. Nature, vacant lots, and local farms were considered local strengths. Of a total of 1470 households in the community, questionnaires were collected from 773 households. Cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases were ranked as the most important health problems. Improving services and access to medical checkups, use of public space for exercise, local farming, and collaboration with the community health office were considered necessary to address these health problems. Considering feasibility and the availability of resources in the community, the CAB decided to focus on lifestyle-related diseases and designed activities centered on health awareness, nutrition, and exercise. These activities drew on community’s strengths and were adapted to Japanese culture.Conclusions: The community’s priority health problem was closely related to the epidemiology of diseases. The CBPR approach was useful for identifying community’s needs and for designing a unique community health program that made use of local strengths.

Medicine In A Changing Society, by Lawrence Corey, M.D., Steven E. Saltman, M.D., and Michael F. Epstein, M.D. Saint Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1972, 228 pp., $6.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-764
Author(s):  
Donald C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Student Activists ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
School Of Public Health ◽  
Health Course ◽  
The University

Nineteen hundred and sixty-eight was a vintage year for student activists. Conflicts between students and faculty were the rule rather than the exception. When they occurred in medical schools they frequently focused on the teaching of the social and preventive aspects of medicine. Such was the case at the University of Michigan, where "frustration with the public health course" led students into an open confrontation with the School of Public Health. In the discussions which followed, a number of changes were agreed upon.

Health Trends in China Since the Great Leap Forward

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Worth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Great Leap ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
The Great Leap Forward ◽  
Insight Into

Since illness has both socio-economic causes and effects, an analysis of public health problems and programmes can give some insight into the condition of a nation and into the social philosophy of its government.

scholarly journals The “Healthy Akame!” community – government – university collaboration for health: a community-based participatory mixed-method approach to address health issue in rural Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinda Asiah Nuril Haya ◽  
Shuhei Ichikawa ◽  
Yukino Shibagaki ◽  
Akame Machijuu Genki Project Community Advisory Board ◽  
Hideki Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Community Health Program

Abstract Background: Although Japan has a decentralized public health system, local governments have considered expert opinions over those of the community, to decide on public health programs. Differences in community’s interest may create gaps between health program’s objectives and implementation. We hypothesized that community-based participatory research (CBPR), which involves the community at every step, promotes effective program implementation and community empowerment. This study addressed the first step of CBPR, assessing community needs and developing a tailored health program for a rural community in Japan. Methods: in this study sequential exploratory mixed-method study (qualitative followed by quantitative), we first formed a community advisory board (CAB) representing community organization, city officials, and university researchers. The CAB conducted group discussions with community residents to identify community’s health issues and strength. These group discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the results were used to develop a questionnaire, which was subsequently sent to all households in the community to obtain priority scores for health issues and proposed action and to assess willingness to participate in community health program. The CAB then designed a program based using the overall study results. Results: Ten group discussions with 68 participants identified the following health issues: 1) diseases, 2) unhealthy behaviors; and 3) unsupportive environment. Nature, vacant lots, and local farms were considered local strength. Of a total of 1470 households in the community, questionnaires were collected from 773 households. Cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases were as the most important health problems. Improving services and access to medical checkups, use of public space for exercise, local farming, and collaboration with community health office were considered necessary to address these health problems. Considering feasibility and the availability of resources in the community, the CAB decided to focus on lifestyle-related diseases and designed activities centered on health awareness, nutrition, and exercise. These activities drew on community’s strengths and were adapted to Japanese culture. Conclusions: The community’s priority health problem was closely related to the epidemiology of diseases. The CBPR approach was useful for identifying community’s needs and for designing a unique community health program that made use of local strengths.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY IN ACTION: PRACTICE-BASED LEARNING FOR IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S361-S361
Author(s):  
Amy Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Diverse Classrooms ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Health Course ◽  
Life Course Framework

Abstract Non-traditional learning methods in diverse classrooms, particularly at HBCUs, can prepare students for successful careers in aging. In a graduate-level public health course on the social determinants of health, students engaged in an experiential learning opportunity to address health disparities within a historic Black neighborhood in New Orleans. Through a combination of classroom lectures, community integration activities, and skills-building training with faculty and public health professionals, students applied a health equity life course framework in developing, implementing, and evaluating a multi-faceted community needs assessment used to guide health promotion programming for neighborhood residents. In this example, student mastery of complex concepts was achieved through hands-on experiences that had a direct impact on the community. Moreover, a community-engaged educational environment allowed students to take ownership of their learning, develop their professional identity, as well as initiate a sustainable partnership with the community through which improvements in health can be made.

Public Health and Community Organizing as Agents for Change in Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Speer ◽  
Leah Marion Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Community Issues

Agents of change serve as catalysts for stimulating social change, particularly at community and societal levels of analysis. We often think about the characteristics of individuals who act as change agents, such as their capacity to motivate others or their training skills. However, organizations and disciplinary fields can also serve as agents of change. There is an emerging awareness in the fields of public health and community organizing as to how these respective fields can collaborate to leverage their collective insights and skills to become effective agents of change for community health outcomes. Importantly, while public health is concerned with the social determinants that shape health inequities in all communities, community organizing is focused on community issues that residents confront as constraints or problems in their daily lives. There is an inchoate understanding within the fields of public health and community organizing that the social determinants addressed in public health are often the same issues identified and addressed by community organizing groups. Both disciplines work as agents of change through their traditional efforts; however, there is promise in the evolving collaborations between these two fields. Recognition that both fields are addressing the same community phenomena is an important step, but whether collaborations and shared practices become distributed and institutionalized is an open question. Public health possesses research and analytic sophistication capable of identifying different social determinants and the pathways through which such determinants contribute to poor community health outcomes. In contrast, community organizing supplies an understanding of social change that requires the exercise of power through the participation and active engagement by those most directly affected by local issues or social determinants. One tension in this emergent collaborative practice stems from the fact that, at times, these different disciplinary skill sets are at odds. Whereas public health has a deep value of data analysis and expertise, community organizing prioritizes the participation and self-determination of those impacted by community problems. Fundamentally, the tension here is between the value placed on expertise versus the value placed on public participation. Neither value is inherently superior to the other; understanding how these two values can complement one another to address social determinants that shape community health outcomes is critical for realizing the promise of these organizational agents of change.

scholarly journals As representações sociais da bebida alcoólica e suas consequências na sociedade expressas pela mídia impressa

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Monteiro Da Conceição ◽  
Silvio Eder Dias Da Silva ◽  
Jeferson Santos Araujo ◽  
Mary Elizabeth De Santana ◽  
Esleane Vilela Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Selection Of

O estudo objetiva analisar os artigos produzidos pela mídia impressa sobre os efeitos da bebida alcoólica, publicados nas revistas Veja e IstoÉ, no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2010 e, a partir de então, caracterizar as representações sociais sobre a temática. O conteúdo para análise emergiu da seleção de matérias jornalísticas contidas em 67 reportagens. Configura-se como uma pesquisa documental associada ao fenômeno conceitual da Teoria das Representações Sociais. O estudo contribuiu para a compreensão do papel da mídia frente à sociedade leitora no combate aos problemas de saúde pública relacionada ao consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica.Descritores: Imprensa, Alcoolismo, Enfermagem Psiquiátrica.Social representations of alcohol and its consequences in society expressed by the printed mediaThe study aims to analyze the articles produced by the print media on the effects of alcohol, published in magazines Veja and Isto É from 2005 to 2010 and from then to characterize the social representations on the subject. The content analysis emerged from the selection of news stories contained in 67 reports. It is configured itself as a documentary research associated to the conceptual phenomenon of Social Representations Theory. The study contributed to the understanding of the media’s role before readers in combating public health problems related to excessive consumption of alcohol.Descriptors: Press, Alcoholism, Psychiatric Nursing.Las representaciones sociales del alcohol y sus consecuencias en la sociedad expresada por los medios impresosEl estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los artículos producidos por los medios de comunicación impresos sobre los efectos del alcohol, publicados en revistas Veja® y Isto É® en el periodo 2005 a 2010 y desde entonces para caracterizar las representaciones sociales sobre el tema. El análisis de contenido surgido a partir de la selección de las noticias contenidas en 67 informes. Se configura como una investigación documental del fenómeno asociado a la teoría conceptual de las Representaciones Sociales. El estudio contribuyó a la comprensión del papel del lector ante la sociedad lectora en la lucha contra problemas de salud pública relacionados con el consumo excesivo de alcohol.Descriptores: Press, El alcoholismo, Enfermería Psiquiátrica.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document