scholarly journals Surgery for Lone Atrial Fibrillation: Present State-of-the-Art

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Shen ◽  
Marci Bailey ◽  
Ralph J. Damiano
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Lone Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

For 2 decades, the cut-and-sew Cox-Maze III procedure was the gold standard for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and proved to be effective at curing lone AF and preventing its most dreaded complication, stroke. However, this procedure was not widely adopted because of its complexity and technical difficulty. During the past 5 to 10 years, the introduction of new ablation technology has led to the development of the Cox-Maze IV procedure, as well as, more limited lesion sets, with the ultimate goal of performing a minimally invasive lesion set on the beating heart, without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. This review summarizes the current state of the art and future directions in the surgical treatment of lone AF. The hope is that as we learn more about the mechanisms of AF and develop preoperative diagnostic technologies capable of precisely locating the areas responsible for AF, it will become possible to tailor specific lesion sets and ablation modalities to individual patients, making the surgical treatment of lone AF available to a larger population of patients.

Microwave Processing of Ceramics - An Overview

1992 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Early Developmental

ABSTRACTDuring the past decade, many exploratory studies and experiments have been performed on the microwave heating and processing of ceramics and composite materials. Much of this effort was stimulated by the unique and potential benefits that microwave energy can provide over conventional processing methods. While microwave processing of ceramics is still in an early developmental stage, there are many areas yet to be explored, challenges to be met, and economic and commercial payoffs to be substantiated.Since the first MRS International Symposium on Microwave Processing in 1988, interest in this field has grown and many new developments have occurred. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the recent advances, to discuss the current state-of-the-art, and to suggest some future directions.

Report from the 2nd Int. Workshop on Education through Advanced Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (EASEAI '20)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Benoît Vanderose ◽  
Julie Henry ◽  
Benoît Frénay ◽  
Xavier Devroey
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Software Engineering Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Software Engineering Tools

In the past years, with the development and widespread of digi- tal technologies, everyday life has been profoundly transformed. The general public, as well as specialized audiences, have to face an ever-increasing amount of knowledge and learn new abilities. The EASEAI workshop series addresses that challenge by look- ing at software engineering, education, and arti cial intelligence research elds to explore how they can be combined. Speci cally, this workshop brings together researchers, teachers, and practi- tioners who use advanced software engineering tools and arti cial intelligence techniques in the education eld and through a trans- generational and transdisciplinary range of students to discuss the current state of the art and practices, and establish new future directions. More information at https://easeai.github.io.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
Lawrence G. Lenke
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future

Care of the patient with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has evolved from being primarily supportive to now having the ability to directly treat and correct the spinal pathology. The focus of this narrative literature review is to briefly summarize the history of ASD treatment, discuss the current state of the art of ASD care with focus on surgical treatment and current challenges, and conclude with a discussion of potential developments related to ASD surgery.In the past, care for ASD was primarily based on supportive measures, including braces and assistive devices, with few options for surgical treatments that were often deemed high risk and reserved for rare situations. Advances in anesthetic and critical care, surgical techniques, and instrumentation now enable almost routine surgery for many patients with ASD. Despite the advances, there are many remaining challenges currently impacting the care of ASD patients, including increasing numbers of elderly patients with greater comorbidities, high complication and reoperation rates, and high procedure cost without clearly demonstrated cost-effectiveness based on standard criteria. In addition, there remains considerable variability across multiple aspects of ASD surgery. For example, there is currently very limited ability to provide preoperative individualized counseling regarding optimal treatment approaches (e.g., operative vs nonoperative), complication risks with surgery, durability of surgery, and likelihood of achieving individualized patient goals and satisfaction. Despite the challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art ASD treatment, surgery continues to be a primary option, as multiple reports have demonstrated the potential for surgery to significantly improve pain and disability. The future of ASD care will likely include techniques and technologies to markedly reduce complication rates, including greater use of navigation and robotics, and a shift toward individualized medicine that enables improved counseling, preoperative planning, procedure safety, and patient satisfaction.Advances in the care of ASD patients have been remarkable over the past few decades. The current state of the art enables almost routine surgical treatment for many types of ASD that have the potential to significantly improve pain and disability. However, significant challenges remain, including high complication rates, lack of demonstrated cost-effectiveness, and limited ability to meaningfully counsel patients preoperatively on an individual basis. The future of ASD surgery will require continued improvement of predictability, safety, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1688) ◽  
pp. 20150106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

Studies of sex differences in the brain range from reductionistic cell and molecular analyses in animal models to functional imaging in awake human subjects, with many other levels in between. Interpretations and conclusions about the importance of particular differences often vary with differing levels of analyses and can lead to discord and dissent. In the past two decades, the range of neurobiological, psychological and psychiatric endpoints found to differ between males and females has expanded beyond reproduction into every aspect of the healthy and diseased brain, and thereby demands our attention. A greater understanding of all aspects of neural functioning will only be achieved by incorporating sex as a biological variable. The goal of this review is to highlight the current state of the art of the discipline of sex differences research with an emphasis on the brain and to contextualize the articles appearing in the accompanying special issue.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition: The Next Chapter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Yan ◽  
Axel Steinbrueck ◽  
Adam C. Sedgwick ◽  
Tony D. James
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecule Recognition

Over the past 30 years fluorescent chemosensors have evolved to incorporate many optical-based modalities and strategies. In this perspective we seek to highlight the current state of the art as well as provide our viewpoint on the most significant future challenges remaining in the area. To underscore current trends in the field and to facilitate understanding of the area, we provide the reader with appropriate contemporary examples. We then conclude with our thoughts on the most probable directions that chemosensor development will take in the not-too-distant future.

scholarly journals Immunoconjugates and long circulating systems: Origins, current state of the art and future directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koshkaryev ◽  
Rupa Sawant ◽  
Madhura Deshpande ◽  
Vladimir Torchilin
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State

Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülru Necipoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Board Members ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Current State ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
State Of The Field

In this volume marking the thirtieth anniversary of Muqarnas, the Editor reflects on the evolution of the journal over the years. To that end, the members of the Editorial and Advisory Boards were sent a questionnaire, asking them to comment on the contributions of Muqarnas and its Supplements series to the field of Islamic art and architecture studies over the past three decades, and to provide suggestions for future directions. Their observations, thoughts, and hopes for Muqarnas have been anonymously incorporated into this essay, which, in conversation with their comments, looks back on the history of the publication and offers some possibilities for the path it might take going forward.
The goal here is neither to assess the historiography nor to examine the current state of the field thirty years after the opening essay of volume 1. Instead, the focus is on the development and impact of both Muqarnas and the Supplements series in a highly specialized field with relatively few and short-lived or sporadic journals, before turning to the successes and shortcomings of these publications, as outlined by some of the board members. 


scholarly journals Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Academic interest in the concept of insight in psychosis has increased markedly over the past 30 years, prompting this selective appraisal of the current state of the art. Considerable progress has been made in terms of measurement and confirming a number of clinical associations. More recently, the relationship between insight and involuntary treatment has been scrutinised more closely alongside the link between decision-making capacity and insight. Advances in the clinical and cognitive neurosciences have influenced conceptual development, particularly the field of ‘metacognition’. New therapies, including those that are psychologically and neurophysiologically based, are being tested as ways to enhance insight.

Energy Sources for the Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Robert M. MacGregor ◽  
Spencer J. Melby ◽  
Richard B. Schuessler ◽  
Ralph J. Damiano
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Maze Procedure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical

The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation has evolved over the past 2 decades due to the advent of ablation technology, and the introduction of less invasive surgical approaches. Current devices produce ablation lines that aim to replace the incisions of traditional surgical ablation strategies, such as the Cox-Maze procedure. This has helped to simplify and shorten surgical ablation procedures and has allowed for the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques. This review discusses surgical ablation energy sources and devices, providing background on device characteristics, mechanism of tissue injury, and success in creating transmural lesions.

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