Chemical Analysis of Water Treatment in Sudan

Qualified purified water is essential for all chemical analysis. Spectral analysis, trace analysis and general chemical analysis require different purity of water. This paper introduces a kind of purified water preparation device which can be widely used in all chemical analysis work. The purified water preparation device consists of two-stage reverse osmosis device and water treatment device of ion exchange system. The two-stage reverse osmosis water treatment unit can be operated in two modes: program-controlled and manual mode, and the water production rate is about 80%. The ion exchange water treatment unit consists of two cation exchangers, two cation exchangers and one mixed ion exchanger, which can prepare silicon free water and sodium free water and meet the requirements of trace analysis. The ion exchange water treatment unit is equipped with independent purified water pipeline system and regenerated liquid pipeline system to avoid the pollution of purified water. The regeneration operation of ion exchange resin is simple, and the discontinuous water production can be easily realized. This set of purified water preparation device can adapt to various water sources to complete purification treatment, and produce purified water meeting various chemical analysis.

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Evaluation of Dialysis Water Quality at Hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (28) ◽

Author(s):

Yasamen Raad Humudat ◽

Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Water Samples ◽

Distribution Network ◽

International Standards ◽

National Standard ◽

Dialysis Center ◽

Dialysis Water

Background. Dialysis water quality is one of the most important factors for ensuring the safe and effective delivery of hemodialysis. It has been known for over a decade that there might be hazardous contaminants in the water and concentrates used to prepare dialysis fluid. Rigorous international standards for the purification of dialysis fluids have been established, which were used in the present study to compare the quality of dialysis water as there is no national standard for dialysis water quality in Iraq. Objectives. There are more than 20 dialysis centers in Iraq, most of which contain similar units for the processing of dialysis water. The present study evaluated the quality of water used for dialysis in four dialysis centers located within Baghdad hospitals. Methods. Physical and chemical tests were carried out in the laboratory after sampling water from each dialysis center. Water samples were collected from three locations in each dialysis center. Hospital municipal water samples were collected from the tanks feeding dialysis units; samples of dialysis water were collected from the dialysis water treatment unit outlets; and samples of dialysis water were collected from the distribution network in dialysis rooms. Results. The results showed a fluctuation in the quality of the dialysis water (dialysis water and water from the dialysis distribution network), indicating that it is unacceptable compared to international standards. Chemical analysis showed that 75% of the dialysis water had elevated aluminum concentrations. Chemical analysis also found that dialysis water had elevated concentrations of free residual chlorine at some dialysis centers. Conclusions. All hemodialysis centers need careful monitoring and preventive maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the design of the water treatment units according to water quality. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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different aspects of slurry disposal, for example, spreading, and odour from land after spreading. Correlation work to establish which fractions are best remains to be done, and will probably involve chemical analysis. It is clear then, that the concept of Odour Potential of a sludge or slurry can be a useful tool not only to the odour specialist but also to the operators of sewage treatment works and agricultural slurry handling facilities in minimising the nuisance from the disposal of sludges. (1 j GILLARD, F. ’Measurements of odours by dynamic olfactometry; application to the steel and carbonisation industries." Paper presented at internation symposium: Characterisation and control of odoriferous pollutants in process industries, Belgian Filtration Society, Louvain-La-Neuve, April 1984. (2) TOOGOOD, S. J., and HOBSON, J.A. ’The Discharge of Volatile M rials to Sewers", Water Research Centre, Technical Report TR142, England, 1979. (5) Commission of European Communities, ’The use of Sewage Sludge in Agriculture’, Draft Directive, November 1981. (6) HURLEY, B. J., and RACHWAL, A. J. "Reducing Sludge Volune" Effluent and Water Treatment Journal, 21» 292-296, 1981.

Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming ◽

10.1201/9781482286311-66 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 154-154

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Research Centre ◽

Process Industries ◽

Water Research ◽

Technical Report ◽

And Control ◽

Dynamic Olfactometry

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Physico-chemical analysis of Sewage water treatment plant at Jagjeetpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2016.17326 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 133-142

Author(s):

R. Bhutiani ◽

◽

D.R. Khanna ◽

Shubham Kumar ◽

Faheem Ahamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Sewage Water ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Sewage Water Treatment

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Дослідження можливостей використання поліферментних систем водоростей Mycrocystis aeruginosa для підготовки питної та технологічної води

Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University Biology medicine ◽

10.15421/021033 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

V. I. Karpenko ◽

L. P. Golodok ◽

M. V. Vodka ◽

A. A. Dyachenko ◽

L. A. Sirenko

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

State Standard ◽

State Standard Gost ◽

Total Iron ◽

Activity Increase ◽

Enzyme Systems ◽

Laboratory Bench ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Long Time

The methods and a laboratory bench have been developed for research of the multienzyme systems of cyanobacteriae Mycrocystis aeruginosa. The bench allows regulating the luminous intensity and suspension agitation, studying the cells reproduction and conducting the chemical analysis of water. It has been established that algae can be used in a biofilter for reducing low concentrations of total iron in water to the levels which meet state standard (GOST 2874-82) requirements. Algae cells reproduction during water treatment from iron in a biofilter indicates that the number of enzyme systems and their activity increase. The advantage of the algae multienzyme systems use for the water treatment is the fact that they maintain their activity for a long time and do not need any carbonaceous energy substrata.

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Aspects of microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109690 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 510-511

Author(s):

R. Sinclair ◽

B.E. Jacobson

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Critical Currents ◽

X Ray ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Transmission Electron

INTRODUCTIONThe prospect of performing chemical analysis of thin specimens at any desired level of resolution is particularly appealing to the materials scientist. Commercial TEM-based systems are now available which virtually provide this capability. The purpose of this contribution is to illustrate its application to problems which would have been intractable until recently, pointing out some current limitations.X-RAY ANALYSISIn an attempt to fabricate superconducting materials with high critical currents and temperature, thin Nb3Sn films have been prepared by electron beam vapor deposition [1]. Fine-grain size material is desirable which may be achieved by codeposition with small amounts of Al2O3 . Figure 1 shows the STEM microstructure, with large (∽ 200 Å dia) voids present at the grain boundaries. Higher quality TEM micrographs (e.g. fig. 2) reveal the presence of small voids within the grains which are absent in pure Nb3Sn prepared under identical conditions. The X-ray spectrum from large (∽ lμ dia) or small (∽100 Ǻ dia) areas within the grains indicates only small amounts of A1 (fig.3).

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