scholarly journals Computed tomography color mapping for evaluation of bone ongrowth on the surface of a titanium-coated polyetheretherketone cage in vivo

Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (37) ◽  
pp. e12379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Makino ◽  
Takashi Kaito ◽  
Yusuke Sakai ◽  
Shota Takenaka ◽  
Hideki Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Polyetheretherketone Cage

Abstract 1635: In Vivo Color Mapping Of Shear Stress Along Coronary Arterial Lumen With Multi-detector Computed Tomography

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Fukumoto ◽  
Takafumi Hiro ◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Mitsuyuki Hiromoto ◽  
Masakazu Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Background and Purpose: Shear stress is one of the important physical factors in the process of atherosclerosis. However, noninvasive and in-vivo visualization of shear stress distribution along the coronary lumen has been technically difficult, because it is not so possible to assess true three-dimensional (3D) geometrical structure as well as local flow profile in coronary artery for each patient. Recent technology of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can provide an accurate representation of 3D architecture of coronary lumen as well as plaque distribution. This study was to develop a noninvasive way of color mapping of shear stress in coronary artery using a 64-row MDCT, and to preliminarily evaluate its clinical feasibility. Methods: Three-dimensional geometric architecture from patients with mild coronary artery disease was first obtained to develop a 3D mesh polygon model of each left and right coronary artery architecture. The mesh data was then used to perform a shear stress color mapping with a computational fluid-dynamical simulation of finite element model. The spatial resolution ( mesh size ) was 0.05 mm 2 . The flow was considered to be a constant laminar one, and the pulsatile motion was neglected. The relationship between shear stress and plaque accumulation was then examined. Results: According to the MDCT, atherosclerotic plaque formation was frequently observed in the distal potion at the first and second curvature of right coronary artery, and in the outer side of the bifurcation of the left anterior descending and the circumflex coronary artery. The colorized mapping of shear stress revealed that shear stress tended to be lower at the site of plaque accumulation within coronary artery. Conclusion: This method of 3D representation of shear stress distribution along coronary lumen with a 64-row MDCT might be useful for assessing the role of shear stress in atherosclerotic plaque formation or its progression / regression.

Tantalum Oxide Nanoparticles as Versatile Contrast Agents for X-ray Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatadru Chakravarty ◽  
Jeremy Hix ◽  
Kaitlyn Wieweora ◽  
Maximilian Volk ◽  
Elizabeth Kenyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tantalum Oxide ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
X Ray Computed

Here we describe the synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in vivo performance of a series of tantalum oxide (TaOx) based nanoparticles (NPs) for computed tomography (CT). Five distinct versions of 9-12 nm diameter silane coated TaOx nanocrystals (NCs) were fabricated by a sol-gel method with varying degrees of hydrophilicity and with or without fluorescence, with the highest reported Ta content to date (78%). Highly hydrophilic NCs were left bare and were evaluated in vivo in mice for micro-CT of full body vasculature, where following intravenous injection, TaOx NCs demonstrate high CT contrast, circulation in blood for ~ 3 h, and eventual accumulation in RES organs; and following injection locally in the mammary gland, where the full ductal tree structure can be clearly delineated. Partially hydrophilic NCs were encapsulated within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs; TaOx@MSNPs) and hydrophobic NCs were encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA; TaOx@PLGA) NPs, serving as potential CT-imagable drug delivery vehicles. Bolus intramuscular injections of TaOx@PLGA NPs and TaOx@MSNPs to mimic the accumulation of NPs at a tumor site produce high signal enhancement in mice. In vitro studies on bare NCs and formuated NPs demonstrate high cytocompatibility and low dissolution of TaOx. This work solidifies that TaOx-based NPs are versatile contrast agents for CT.

Trends in Nanotechnology for in vivo Cancer Diagnosis: Products and Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2167-2181
Author(s):  
Tatielle do Nascimento ◽  
Melanie Tavares ◽  
Mariana S.S.B. Monteiro ◽  
Ralph Santos-Oliveira ◽  
Adriane R. Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Background: Cancer is a set of diseases formed by abnormal growth of cells leading to the formation of the tumor. The diagnosis can be made through symptoms’ evaluation or imaging tests, however, the techniques are limited and the tumor detection may be late. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has emerged to optimize the cancer diagnosis through nanostructured contrast agent’s development. Objective: This review aims to identify commercialized nanomedicines and patents for cancer diagnosis. Methods: The databases used for scientific articles research were Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Research on companies’ websites and articles for the recognition of commercial nanomedicines was performed. The Derwent tool was applied for patent research. Results: This article aimed to research on nanosystems based on nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, composites and quantum dots, associated to imaging techniques. Commercialized products based on metal and composite nanoparticles, associated with magnetic resonance and computed tomography, have been observed. The research conducted through Derwent tool displayed a small number of patents using nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis. Among these patents, the most significant number was related to the use of systems based on metal nanoparticles, composites and quantum dots. Conclusion: Although few systems are found in the market and patented, nanotechnology appears as a promising field for the development of new nanosystems in order to optimize and accelerate the cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Longitudinal in vivo evaluation of bone regeneration by combined measurement of multi-pinhole SPECT and micro-CT for tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp S. Lienemann ◽  
Stéphanie Metzger ◽  
Anna-Sofia Kiveliö ◽  
Alain Blanc ◽  
Panagiota Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Pinhole Spect

Abstract Over the last decades, great strides were made in the development of novel implants for the treatment of bone defects. The increasing versatility and complexity of these implant designs request for concurrent advances in means to assess in vivo the course of induced bone formation in preclinical models. Since its discovery, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has excelled as powerful high-resolution technique for non-invasive assessment of newly formed bone tissue. However, micro-CT fails to provide spatiotemporal information on biological processes ongoing during bone regeneration. Conversely, due to the versatile applicability and cost-effectiveness, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) would be an ideal technique for assessing such biological processes with high sensitivity and for nuclear imaging comparably high resolution (<1 mm). Herein, we employ modular designed poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels that release bone morphogenetic protein to guide the healing of critical sized calvarial bone defects. By combined in vivo longitudinal multi-pinhole SPECT and micro-CT evaluations we determine the spatiotemporal course of bone formation and remodeling within this synthetic hydrogel implant. End point evaluations by high resolution micro-CT and histological evaluation confirm the value of this approach to follow and optimize bone-inducing biomaterials.

PEG modified BaGdF5:Yb/Er nanoprobes for multi-modal upconversion fluorescent, in vivo X-ray computed tomography and biomagnetic imaging

Biomaterials ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (36) ◽  
pp. 9232-9238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songjun Zeng ◽  
Ming-Kiu Tsang ◽  
Chi-Fai Chan ◽  
Ka-Leung Wong ◽  
Jianhua Hao
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Biomagnetic Imaging

Dynamics of Homemade Aortic Endografts: In Vivo Study in Humans with Computed Tomography Scanner Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Dominique Singland ◽  
David Mitton ◽  
Anne Guillaume ◽  
Philippe Cluzel ◽  
Pascal Goasdoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanner

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

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