Global Burden of Orofacial Clefts and the World Surgical Workforce

The global burden of cancer is escalating as a result of dramatic increases in the use of tobacco in the developing world. The use of tobacco is linked to the development of a broad variety of cancers, mainly lung cancer, the single most common cancer in the world. Tobacco smoking-attributable deaths extends beyond cancer and include stroke, heart attack and COPD. Widening disparities in cancer-related mortality have shifted towards a more dramatic burden in the developing world. Appropriate interventions must be implemented to reduce tobacco use and prevent global mortality that has escalated to epidemic levels. Tobacco control policies, including public health advertisement campaigns, warning labels, adoption of smoke-free laws, comprehensive bans and tax policies are highly effective measures to control tobacco use. Clinicians and academic institutions have to be actively committed to support tobacco control initiatives. The reduction in cancer related morbidity and mortality should be viewed as a global crisis and definitive results will depend on a multilevel effort to effectively reduce the burden of cancer, particularly in underprivileged regions of the world.

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The trends in global, regional, and national incidence of pneumoconiosis caused by different etiologies: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

10.21203/rs.2.17264/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Shi ◽

Xiaoyue Xing ◽

Shuhua Xi ◽

Hongmei Jing ◽

Jiamei Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Health Concern ◽

Global Burden ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

The World ◽

Disease Study ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Pneumoconiosis has the potential to cause progressive and permanent physical disability. And continues to be one of major public health concern across the world. However, our literature searches identified a scarcity of data about global prevalence of pneumoconiosis. Accurate data on the incidence of pneumoconiosis is critical for health resource planning and health policy development. We therefore aimed to determine the pattern of pneumoconiosis incidence and temporal trends. Methods: Annual incident cases and age standardized incidence rates on pneumoconiosis etiology between 1990-2017 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We calculate the average annual percentage changes of age standardized incidence rates by sex, region, and etiology to determine incidence trends of pneumoconiosis. Results: Globally, the number of pneumoconiosis cases increased 66.0% from 36,186 in 1990 to 60,055 in 2017. The overall age standardized incidence rate decreased by an average 0.6% (95% CI: 0.5%, 0.6%) per year in the same period. The age standardized incidence rate of silicosis, asbestosis, and other pneumoconiosis decreased between 1990 and 2017. The corresponding average annual percentage changes were -0.8%, -0.9%, and -0.5%, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate of asbestosis displayed an increasing trend. At the same time, we also found a significant negative association was found between average annual percentage changes and socio-demographic indexs when the socio-demographic index above 0.7. Conclusions: Pneumoconiosis remains a major occupational health illnesses in the world. Incidence patterns of pneumoconiosis caused by different etiologies were heterogeneous across regions and countries. We observed an unfavorable trend that asbestosis was predominant in countries with a high socio-demographic index, though we have attained great achievements in silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis prevention. The information in this study suggests that some countries should establish more targeted and specific strategies to forestall the increase in pneumoconiosis.

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On the Socio-Economic Impacts of the Difference Between Healthy and Sick Aging

Advances in Human Services and Public Health - Handbook of Research on Economic and Social Impacts of Population Aging ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7327-3.ch012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 199-220

Author(s):

António Bento Caleiro

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Population Aging ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Global Burden ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Social Nature ◽

The World ◽

The Difference ◽

Global Burden Of Diseases ◽

Economic Nature

Population aging is a phenomenon that has characterized most countries in the world for many years now. Also, for some time now, the literature has shown some social and economic impacts of this phenomenon. This chapter intends to address an impact of a social nature, namely gender inequality, and an impact of an economic nature, namely the global burden of diseases, to which the literature on population aging has not yet given the necessary attention. For these impacts it is important to distinguish healthy aging from unhealthy aging. In fact, healthy aging not only reduces the global burden of disease but also contributes to a reduction in gender inequalities with regard to quality-adjusted years of life.

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VP135 Clustering Surgical Indicators And Predictors Of Catastrophic Expenses

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s026646231700383x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

Songul Cinaroglu ◽

Onur Baser

Keyword(s):

Medical Imaging ◽

General Health ◽

Surgical Care ◽

The Third ◽

Surgical Workforce ◽

Silhouette Index ◽

The World ◽

Country Differences ◽

Cross Country ◽

Risk Predictors

INTRODUCTION:Increasing access to surgical care is crucial in improving the general health status of a population. Despite studies indicating the cross-country differences of general health indicators, there is a scarcity of knowledge focusing on the cross-country differences of surgical indicators. This study aims to classify countries according to surgical care indicators and identify risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures.METHODS:For this study, data were used from the World Health Organization and the World Bank on 177 countries. The following variable groups were chosen: total density of medical imaging technologies, surgical workforce distribution, number of surgical procedures, and risk of catastrophic surgical care expenditures. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify countries according to the surgical indicators. The optimal number of clusters was determined with a within-cluster sum of squares and a scree plot. A Silhouette index was used to examine clustering performance, and a random forest decision tree approach was used to determine risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures.RESULTS:The surgical care indicator results delineated the countries into four groups according to each country's income level. The cluster plot indicated that most high-income countries (for example, United States, United Kingdom, Norway) are in the first cluster. The second cluster consisted of four countries: Japan, San Marino, Marshall Islands, and Monaco. Low-income countries (for example, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya) and middle-income countries (for example, Brazil, Turkey, Hungary) are represented in the third and fourth clusters, respectively. The third cluster had a high Silhouette index value (.75). The densities of both surgeons and medical imaging technology were risk determiners of catastrophic surgical care expenditures (Area Under Curve = .82).CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrate a need for more effective health plans if the differences between countries surgical care indicators are to be overcome. We recommend that health policymakers reconsider distribution strategies for the surgical workforce and medical imaging technology in the interest of accessibility and equality.

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The global unmet need of congenital cardiac care: a quantitative analysis of the global burden of disease

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120002577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1688-1693 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominique Vervoort ◽

Marcelo Cardarelli

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Cardiac Care ◽

Global Burden ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

The World

AbstractBackground:CHDs are one of the most frequent congenital malformations, affecting one in hundred live births. In total, 70% will require treatment in the first year of life, but over 90% of cases in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment or suboptimal treatment. As a result, CHDs are responsible for 66% of preventable deaths due to congenital malformations in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the unmet need of congenital cardiac care around the world based on the global burden of disease.Materials and methods:CHD morbidity and mortality data for 2006, 2011, and 2016 were collected from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Results Tool and analysed longitudinally to assess trends in excess morbidity and mortality.Results:Between 2006 and 2016, a 20.7% reduction in excess disability-adjusted life years and 20.6% reduction in excess deaths due to CHDs were observed for children under 15. In 2016, excess global morbidity and mortality due to CHDs remained high with 14,788,418.7 disability-adjusted life years and 171,761.8 paediatric deaths, respectively. In total, 90.2% of disability-adjusted life years and 91.2% of deaths were considered excess.Conclusion:This study illustrates the unmet need of congenital cardiac care around the world. Progress has been made to reduce morbidity and mortality due to CHDs but remains high and largely treatable around the world. Limited academic attention for global paediatric cardiac care magnifies the lack of progress in this area.

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NCDs: Risk factors and determinants

10.1093/med/9780198791188.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mike Rayner ◽

Kremlin Wickramasinghe ◽

Julianne Williams ◽

Karen McColl ◽

Shanthi Mendis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

World Health ◽

Global Burden ◽

Health In All Policies ◽

Socioecological Model ◽

Life Course Approach ◽

The World ◽

Single Focus ◽

Different Levels

This chapter introduces the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), using different causal webs. It uses the Global Burden of Disease data to describe the burden of these NCD risk factors. It uses the socioecological model and the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework for social determinants of health to show the different levels of influences relevant to NCDs. This chapter presents case studies to show how a life-course approach and health-in-all-policies approach could address these broad ranges of NCD risk factors. It discusses the importance of primary prevention efforts organized around multilevel interventions and shows that they are more likely to be more successful than single-focus efforts.

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