A Monte Carlo Simulation to Estimate the Additional Cost Associated With Adverse Medication Events Leading to Intraoperative Hypotension and/or Hypertension in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen C. Nanji ◽  
Sofia D. Shaikh ◽  
Alireza Jaffari ◽  
Calvin Franz ◽  
David W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Intraoperative Hypotension

scholarly journals The Cost-Effectiveness of Epilepsy Surgery and Surgical Evaluation in the United States

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehryar R Sheikh ◽  
Michael P Steinmetz ◽  
Michael W Kattan ◽  
Mendel Singer ◽  
Belinda Udeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract INTRODUCTION Surgery is an effective treatment for many pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients, but incurs considerable cost. It is unknown whether surgery and surgical evaluation are cost-effective strategies in the United States. We aim to evaluate whether 1) surgery is cost-effective for patients who have been deemed surgical candidates when compared to continued medical management, 2) surgical evaluation is cost-effective for patients who have drug-resistant temporal epilepsy and may or may not ultimately be deemed surgical candidates METHODS We use a Monte Carlo simulation method to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgery and surgical evaluation over a lifetime horizon. Patients transition between two health states (‘seizure free’ and ‘having seizures’) as part of a Markov process, based on literature estimates. We adopt both healthcare and societal perspectives, including direct healthcare costs and indirect costs such as lost earnings by patients and care providers. We estimate variability of model predictions using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS 1) Epilepsy surgery is cost effective in surgically eligible patients by virtue of being cost saving and more effective than medical management in the long run, with 95% of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations favoring surgery. From a societal perspective, surgery becomes cost effective within 3 yr. At 5 yr, surgery has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $31,600, which is significantly below the societal willingness-to-pay (∼ $100,000/quality-adjusted life years (QALY)) and comparable to hip/knee arthroplasty. 2) Surgical evaluation is cost-effective in pharmacoresistant patients even if the probability of being deemed a surgical candidate is low (5%-10%). Even if the probability of surgical eligibility is only 10%, surgical referral has an ICER of $96,000/QALY, which is below societal willingness-to-pay. CONCLUSION Epilepsy surgery and surgical evaluation are both cost-effective strategies in the United States. Pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients should be referred for surgical evaluation without hesitation on cost-effectiveness grounds.

In Search of Eden

Experiment ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-296
Author(s):  
Lynn Garafola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Midsummer Night's Dream ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
A Midsummer Night's Dream ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The 1960S

Bronislava Nijinska spent the last thirty-two years of her life in Southern California. Beginning with her first visit to Hollywood in 1934 to choreograph the dances in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, this essay examines her activities in California both as a teacher and a choreographer. It looks closely at her Hollywood bowl season of 1940, when she staged three of her ballets, all new to the United States; the dancers she trained who went on to distinguished professional careers, and her approach to teaching. It briefly summarizes her activities in the 1940s, when she choreographed for Ballet Theatre, Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, and Ballet International; the 1950s, when she worked for the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas; and the 1960s, when the revival of Les Noces and Les Biches by the Royal Ballet brought her most celebrated works back into repertory. Finally, it speculates on the reasons she settled in California, given the limited opportunities it offered her for creative work.

scholarly journals Horticultural Import Diversification by U.S. Cucumber Processors: A Monte Carlo Risk Assessment

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-478
Author(s):  
Byron L. Frenz ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
The U.S

Development projects in developing countries are generally considered to be speculative investments. Potentially significant returns on investment opportunities are often overlooked by assuming that investment risks in developing countries are greater or less manageable than the risks of investment in developed countries. An import purchasing-risk evaluation identified the costs associated with the production and export of processing cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) from Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) to the United States. Although production and export analyses suggested that Hispaniola might not replace Mexico as the primary source of cucumbers for processing in the United States between November and April, Hispaniola affords the U.S. processing industry with an alternative investment option for reducing single-sourcing raw product risk. Therefore, an import diversification evaluation was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation to define a investment-risk model. Monte Carlo simulations of the means and variances of the components of cost andprice were used to assess investment risk under various investment strategies. This model identified sources of cost variation which were then used to characterize export risks derived from growing processing cucumbers on Hispaniola. It was determined that U.S. processors can reduce overall purchasing-risk by diversifying Mexican production to Hispaniola. Through the creation of a strategic transportation alliance between the U.S. and Hispaniola project participants, the export-import costs were such that the investment-risk model identified the allocation of 80% of the production in Mexico and 20% in Haiti as the most favorable diversification strategy. This strategy offered less risk and greater potential long-term returns than purchasing cucumbers solely in Mexico.

scholarly journals Spatial point pattern analysis of prehospital naloxone administrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Spatial Point

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing problem in the United States with opioid dependence and overdose, often fatal, is well-recognized. As naloxone has only one clinical use—the treatment of opioid overdose—its administration by EMS personnel can serve as a surveillance indicator for opioid overdose. This study uses specific locations of EMS calls, and methods of point pattern analysis, to detect overall spatial clustering among EMS naloxone administrations compared to EMS calls in general.Study DesignA cross-sectional study of incident locations of EMS responses in a three-county EMS region in the United States.MethodsRepeated random samples from the spatial distribution of all EMS calls were used, in a Monte Carlo simulation, to represent the background inhomogeneity of the population. Observed F, G, and inhomogeneous K and L functions from the spatial distribution of naloxone-involved calls were compared to their null sampling distributions obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsCases of naloxone administration demonstrated spatial clustering in the range of 0 to 5000 meters, and particularly around 2500 meters, beyond what could be attributable to the spatial heterogeneity of all EMS calls.ConclusionsEfforts to understand the fundamental nature of opioid overdose as a spatial point process could yield innovative public health interventions to control the epidemic.

Introducing American Ballet

Tempo ◽  
1946 ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Ralph Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
Opera House

The six weeks' visit of the American Ballet Theatre to Covent Garden, commencing July 2, is a rare event for balletomanes. The Ballet Theatre has won its place during the war years as the foremost American dancing company, giving lengthy seasons at the Metropolitan Opera House in the spring and autumn, and undertaking important tours in many parts of the United States. It should not be confused with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo or the Russian Ballet Company, both of which have been playing in America since they were last seen in England before the war.

scholarly journals Simulasi Monte Carlo dalam Memprediksi Disribusi Kopi Starbuck

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Dedi Irawan ◽  
Sumijan ◽  
Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
A Company

Distributing and marketing Starbuck coffee is a very important part of the company PT Vision Logistik Transindo in increasing a profit. Starbuck is a company originating from the United States headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and already has the world's largest coffee shop with 20,336 stores in 61 countries, including Indonesia. In distribution management it is very necessary to determine the Starbuck coffee needed, so that customer demand can be fulfilled. This study conducted data on Starbucks coffee distribution from 2017 to 2019. The data processing in this case uses the Monte Carlo algorithm to predict the distribution of Starbuck coffee. In accelerating data processing, this study applies a Web-based program with the PHP programming language (Hypertext Processor). The result of the test is to get the predicted results of Starbuck coffee with an accuracy level of 90%. So that the results obtained can help the company PT.Vision Logistik Transindo in increasing distribution in the coming year.

Electron Scattering in Solids

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Shimizu ◽  
Ze-Jun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Partial Wave Expansion ◽  
Backscattered Electrons

Monte Carlo simulation has been becoming most powerful tool to describe the electron scattering in solids, leading to more comprehensive understanding of the complicated mechanism of generation of various types of signals for microbeam analysis.The present paper proposes a practical model for the Monte Carlo simulation of scattering processes of a penetrating electron and the generation of the slow secondaries in solids. The model is based on the combined use of Gryzinski’s inner-shell electron excitation function and the dielectric function for taking into account the valence electron contribution in inelastic scattering processes, while the cross-sections derived by partial wave expansion method are used for describing elastic scattering processes. An improvement of the use of this elastic scattering cross-section can be seen in the success to describe the anisotropy of angular distribution of elastically backscattered electrons from Au in low energy region, shown in Fig.l. Fig.l(a) shows the elastic cross-sections of 600 eV electron for single Au-atom, clearly indicating that the angular distribution is no more smooth as expected from Rutherford scattering formula, but has the socalled lobes appearing at the large scattering angle.

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