scholarly journals Flow increases tolerance of heat and hypoxia of an aquatic insect

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Frakes ◽  
Jackson H. Birrell ◽  
Alisha A. Shah ◽  
H. Arthur Woods
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen

Recent experiments support the idea that upper thermal limits of aquatic insects arise, at least in part, from a lack of sufficient oxygen: rising temperatures typically stimulate metabolic demand for oxygen more than they increase rates of oxygen supply from the environment. Consequently, factors influencing oxygen supply, like water flow, should also affect thermal and hypoxia tolerance. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the effects of experimentally manipulated flows on the heat and hypoxia tolerance of aquatic nymphs of the giant salmonfly (Plecoptera: Pteronarcys californica ), a common stonefly in western North America. As predicted, stoneflies in flowing water (10 cm s −1 ) tolerated water that was approximately 4°C warmer and that contained approximately 15% less oxygen than did those in standing water. Our results imply that the impacts of climate change on streamflow, such as changes in patterns of precipitation and decreased snowpack, will magnify the threats to aquatic insects from warmer water temperatures and lower oxygen levels.

scholarly journals Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1900) ◽  
pp. 20190124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Shishido ◽  
H. Arthur Woods ◽  
Steven J. Lane ◽  
Ming Wei A. Toh ◽  
Bret W. Tobalske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Antarctic

The extreme and constant cold of the Southern Ocean has led to many unusual features of the Antarctic fauna. One of these, polar gigantism, is thought to have arisen from a combination of cold-driven low metabolic rates and high oxygen availability in the polar oceans (the ‘oxygen–temperature hypothesis'). If the oxygen–temperature hypothesis indeed underlies polar gigantism, then polar giants may be particularly susceptible to warming temperatures. We tested the effects of temperature on performance using two genera of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Pycnogonida), Colossendeis and Ammothea , across a range of body sizes. We tested performance at four temperatures spanning ambient (−1.8°C) to 9°C. Individuals from both genera were highly sensitive to elevated temperature, but we found no evidence that large-bodied pycnogonids were more affected by elevated temperatures than small individuals; thus, these results do not support the predictions of the oxygen–temperature hypothesis. When we compared two species, Colossendeis megalonyx and Ammothea glacialis , C. megalonyx maintained performance at considerably higher temperatures. Analysis of the cuticle showed that as body size increases, porosity increases as well, especially in C. megalonyx , which may compensate for the increasing metabolic demand and longer diffusion distances of larger animals by facilitating diffusive oxygen supply.

Preliminary Results on Aquatic Insects in the Me Linh Station for Biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Van Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Preliminary Results

An intensive field survey on aquatic insects of Me Linh Station for Biodiversity in Vinhphuc province was conducted in December 2015. Specimens were collected at 8 different sites and aquatic insects were collected both quantitatively by Surber net and qualitatively by hand net, pond net. As a result, a total of 110 aquatic insect species belonging to 98 genera, 49 families and 9 orders were recognized. Among these, the order Ephemeroptera had the highest species number with 26 species, followed by Odonata with 25 species, Trichoptera with 18 species, Coleoptera with 15 species, Hemiptera with 11 species, Diptera with 9 species. Lepidoptera, Plecoptera and Megaloptera had the lowest of species number, represented by 3 species of Lepidoptera, 2 species of Plecoptera and 1 species of Megaloptera. Besides, the quantitative analysis results and the functional feeding groups were provided.

Spatial and seasonal variability of emergent aquatic insects and nearshore spiders in a subtropical estuary

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Zapata ◽  
S. Mažeika P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Subtropical Estuary ◽  
Adult Aquatic Insects

Variability in the density and distribution of adult aquatic insects is an important factor mediating aquatic-to-terrestrial nutritional subsidies in freshwater ecosystems, yet less is understood about insect-facilitated subsidy dynamics in estuaries. We surveyed emergent (i.e. adult) aquatic insects and nearshore orb-weaving spiders of the families Tetragnathidae and Araneidae in a subtropical estuary of Florida (USA). Emergent insect community composition varied seasonally and spatially; densities were lower at high- than low-salinity sites. At high-salinity sites, emergent insects exhibited lower dispersal ability and a higher prevalence of univoltinism than low- and mid-salinity assemblages. Orb-weaving spider density most strongly tracked emergent insect density rates at low- and mid-salinity sites. Tetragnatha body condition was 96% higher at high-salinity sites than at low-salinity sites. Our findings contribute to our understanding of aquatic insect communities in estuarine ecosystems and indicate that aquatic insects may provide important nutritional subsidies to riparian consumers despite their depressed abundance and diversity compared with freshwater ecosystems.

In vitro infection experiments with eggs of the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (sensu lato) targeting aquatic insect larvae (Odonata: Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae; Trichoptera: Integripalpia) as possible intermediate hosts

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Dziekońska-Rynko ◽  
Jerzy Rokicki ◽  
Katarzyna Mierzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Aquatic Insect Larvae

AbstractThe availability of aquatic insects (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae and Trichoptera: Integripalpia) as potential intermediate hosts for the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 sensu lato was studied under laboratory conditions. The infective material consisted of nematode eggs, newly hatched larvae, as well as in vitro infected cyclopoid copepods. High prevalence and intensity of infection associated with a low mortality of aquatic insect larvae suggests that they may serve as intermediate hosts for C. rudolphii and constitute a major reservoir of C. rudolphii larvae in aquatic habitats.

scholarly journals Aquatic insects are dramatically underrepresented in genomic research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hotaling ◽  
Joanna L. Kelley ◽  
Paul B. Frandsen
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insect Genome ◽  
Terrestrial Insect ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAquatic insects comprise 10% of all insect diversity, can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and are key components of freshwater ecosystems. Yet aquatic insect genome biology lags dramatically behind that of terrestrial insects. If genomic effort was spread evenly, one aquatic insect genome would be sequenced for every ∼9 terrestrial insect genomes. Instead, ∼24 terrestrial insect genomes have been sequenced for every aquatic insect genome. This discrepancy is even more dramatic if the quality of genomic resources is considered; for instance, while no aquatic insect genome has been assembled to the chromosome level, 29 terrestrial insect genomes spanning four orders have. We argue that a lack of aquatic insect genomes is not due to any underlying difficulty (e.g., small body sizes or unusually large genomes) yet it is severely hampering aquatic insect research at both fundamental and applied scales. By expanding the availability of aquatic insect genomes, we will gain key insight into insect diversification and empower future research for a globally important taxonomic group.Simple SummaryAquatic insects comprise 10% of all insect diversity, can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and are key components of freshwater ecosystems. Yet aquatic insect genome biology lags dramatically behind that of terrestrial insects. If genomic effort was spread evenly, one aquatic insect genome would be sequenced for every ∼9 terrestrial insect genomes. Instead, ∼24 terrestrial insect genomes have been sequenced for every aquatic insect genome. We argue that the limited availability of aquatic insect genomes is not due to practical limitations—e.g., small body sizes or overly complex genomes—but instead reflects a lack of research interest. We call for targeted efforts to expand the availability of aquatic insect genomic resources to gain key molecular insight into insect diversification and empower future research.

scholarly journals Biological Water Quality Indices Performance Based on Aquatic Insects in Recreational Rivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hadri Jumaat ◽  
◽  
Suhaila Abdul Hamid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Abundance and distribution of aquatic insects respecting to several water chemical parameters from six rivers were studied in order to determine the performance of biological index in monitoring the water quality. A total of 960 individuals of aquatic insects from nine orders were recorded using kick and drag sampling techniques. Lubok Semilang had the greatest number of aquatic insects with 250 individuals, followed by Telaga Tujuh (181 individuals) and Sungai Durian Perangin (171 individuals). EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) order were the most dominant order recorded in all six rivers. Lata Kekabu had more diverse and richer aquatic insect assemblages based on ecological indices compared to the other five rivers. In order to evaluate the water quality of recreational rivers in Malaysia, Family Biotic Index (FBI), Malaysian Family Biotic Index (MFBI) and Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) were used and compared with Water Quality Index to determine the water quality at the study areas. Results demonstrated that the biotic indices were more sensitive towards changes in water parameters than the WQI. Among all the biological indices, MFBI was the most suitable index to be adopted in Malaysian river water assessment as it is more reliable in assessing the status of water quality.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN KELIMPAHAN POPULASI SERANGGA AIR SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGIS CEMARAN AIR PADA DAS DI LANGOWAN

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redsway T.D. Maramis ◽  
Henny V.G. Makal
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Insect Resistant

ABSTRACT   Aquatic insects are one of the organisms that are used in determining water contamination. Aquatic insects are sensitive to the presence of waste dumped in the river and some are resistant to such waste. One of insect resistant waste is Chironomidae. The research objective was to determine aquatic insect species, population abundance by calculating indices diversity and biotic index. Aquatic insects in the lake watershed Tondano were collected by kicks and Hand Picking. Result showed that seven orders, theerteen families and sixteen species had been identified. The number of highest aquatic insect was found in Noogan which were 13 species, whereas in karondoran were 9 species. Aquatic insects were identified including, Heptagenia sp, sp Baetis sp, Caenis sp., Hydropsyhe, sp and Chrironomidae. The highest aquatic insect populations were collected in Karondoran followed by Winebetan and Noogan. The highest diversity index of aquatic insects was found in Winebetan whereas the lowest was in Karondoran. The lowest value of the biotic index was identified in the region Noogan suggested that water in Noogan area was clean water compared to Winebetan and Karondoran. Key word: Types and aquatic insect populations

Shallow-water propagation of frequencies in aquatic insect sounds

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3459-3461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The possible use of sounds produced by aquatic insects over distances similar to those of terrestrial insects was examined. Pure tones, spanning the range of those found in aquatic insect sounds, were broadcast in shallow water. At intensities representative of those produced by aquatic insects, all frequencies were usually attentuated within 1 m and their function as acoustic beacons must be considered within such limits.

scholarly journals Preliminary Estimations of Insect Mediated Transfers of Mercury and Physiologically Important Fatty Acids from Water to Land

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Energy Subsidy

Aquatic insects provide an energy subsidy to riparian food webs. However, most empirical studies have considered the role of subsidies only in terms of magnitude (using biomass measurements) and quality (using physiologically important fatty acids), negating an aspect of subsidies that may affect their impact on recipient food webs: the potential of insects to transport contaminants (e.g., mercury) to terrestrial ecosystems. To this end, I used empirical data to estimate the magnitude of nutrients (using physiologically important fatty acids as a proxy) and contaminants (total mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg)) exported by insects from rivers and lacustrine systems in each continent. The results reveal that North American rivers may export more physiologically important fatty acids per unit area (93.0 ± 32.6 Kg Km−2 year−1) than other continents. Owing to the amount of variation in Hg and MeHg, there were no significant differences in MeHg and Hg among continents in lakes (Hg: 1.5 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−3 Kg Km−2 year−1; MeHg: 7.7 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−4 Kg Km−2 year−1) and rivers (Hg: 3.2 × 10−4 to 1.1 × 10−3 Kg Km−2 year−1; MeHg: 3.3 × 10−4 to 8.9 × 10−4 Kg Km−2 year−1), with rivers exporting significantly larger quantities of mercury across all continents than lakes. Globally, insect export of physiologically important fatty acids by insect was estimated to be ~43.9 × 106 Kg year−1 while MeHg was ~649.6 Kg year−1. The calculated estimates add to the growing body of literature, which suggests that emerging aquatic insects are important in supplying essential nutrients to terrestrial consumers; however, with the increase of pollutants in freshwater systems, emergent aquatic insect may also be sentinels of organic contaminants to terrestrial consumers.

scholarly journals Conservatism of lizard thermal tolerances and body temperatures across evolutionary history and geography

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20121056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Grigg ◽  
Lauren B. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Maxima ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behaviour ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Species may exhibit similar thermal tolerances via either common ancestry or environmental filtering and local adaptation, if the species inhabit similar environments. We ask whether upper and lower thermal limits (critical thermal maxima and minima) and body temperatures are more strongly conserved across evolutionary history or geography for lizard populations distributed globally. We find that critical thermal maxima are highly conserved with location accounting for a higher proportion of the variation than phylogeny. Notably, thermal tolerance breadth is conserved across the phylogeny despite critical thermal minima showing little niche conservatism. Body temperatures observed during activity in the field show the greatest degree of conservatism, with phylogeny accounting for most of the variation. This suggests that propensities for thermoregulatory behaviour, which can buffer body temperatures from environmental variation, are similar within lineages. Phylogeny and geography constrain thermal tolerances similarly within continents, but variably within clades. Conservatism of thermal tolerances across lineages suggests that the potential for local adaptation to alleviate the impacts of climate change on lizards may be limited.

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