scholarly journals Ian Butterworth CBE. 3 December 1930—29 November 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Peter Dornan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Electronic Publishing ◽  
Bubble Chamber ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Vice President ◽  
High Energy ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Special Person ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
The Web

Ian Butterworth was a major force in European particle physics from the start of the subject in the late fifties until leaving his post as the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) research director in 1986 to become principal of Queen Mary College. Following his PhD at Manchester, he moved to Imperial College, where later he was head of both the high energy group and the physics department. His early research was dominated by bubble chamber analyses searching for resonant hadronic states, crucial for the establishment of the quark model. Investigating these resonances, using mass spectra and partial wave analyses, was his speciality. He had vision. He was one of the first to recognize the value of IT advances, the importance of networking and the vast potential of the Web. In 1990, at the age of 60, he had a stroke but less than a year later he was again active. His main interests became the effective use of the Web for electronic publishing and the advancement of a coherent European network strategy for education and research. Much of this was under the auspices of the Academia Europaea, of which he was vice president from 1997 to 2003. In his later years he retained a deep interest in European culture and gastronomy and continued to enjoy travelling around Europe. Ian was a special person, warm-hearted, lively and excellent company.

scholarly journals Successful transition of High-Energy Physics publications into Gold OA – review of two years of SCOAP3

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kohls ◽  
Nina Karlstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
European Organization ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Energy Physics

See video of the presentation.During its first two years of operation SCOAP3 funded some 8,000 articles via the transformation of ten existing High-Energy Physics journals into Gold Open Access at no costs for authors. SCOAP3, the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics started in January 2014 after several years of preparation. The initiative is a collaboration of some 3,000 libraries, research institutions and funding agencies from 45 countries and IGOs and is hosted at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Alexander Kohls, the Operations Manager of SCOAP3 will present a review of the first two years of SCOAP3. The specific business model of the initiative ensures a central management of relations with the publishers, and efficient and easy to administer APC payment process and article compliance validation using a dedicated global repository. The presentation will show how SCOAP3 performed in terms of operational efforts, APCs and benefits for the scientific community. The compliance of publishers with policies will be analyzed and all aspects will be reviewed in context of comparable Open Access initiatives in Europe and its potential to expand into other fields. Nina Karlstrøm will add the view of a National Contact Point and present benefits and challenges for national organizations within the SCOAP3 network using her organization CRIStin as an example.

The Cloud

Virtual Words ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Keats
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
The Web

“It’s really just complete gibberish,” seethed Larry Ellison when asked about the cloud at a financial analysts’ conference in September 2008. “When is this idiocy going to stop?” By March 2009 the Oracle CEO had answered his own question, in a manner of speaking: in an earnings call to investors, Ellison brazenly peddled Oracle’s own forthcoming software as “cloud-computing ready.” Ellison’s capitulation was inevitable. The cloud is ubiquitous, the catchiest online metaphor since Tim Berners-Lee proposed “a way to link and access information of various kinds” at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in 1990 and dubbed his creation the WorldWideWeb. In fact while many specific definitions of cloud computing have been advanced by companies seeking to capitalize on the cloud’s popularity—Dell even attempted to trademark the term, unsuccessfully—the cloud has most broadly come to stand for the web, a metaphor for a metaphor reminding us of how unfathomable our era’s signal invention has become. When Berners-Lee conceived the web his ideas were anything but cloudy. His inspiration was hypertext, developed by the computer pioneer Ted Nelson in the 1960s as a means of explicitly linking wide-ranging information in a nonhierarchical way. Nelson envisioned a “docuverse” which he described as “a unified environment available to everyone providing access to this whole space.” In 1980 Berners-Lee implemented this idea in a rudimentary way with a program called Enquire, which he used to cross-reference the software in CERN’s Proton Synchrotron control room. Over the following decade, machines such as the Proton Synchrotron threatened to swamp CERN with scientific data. Looking forward to the Large Hadron Collider, physicists began voicing concern about how they’d ever process their experiments, let alone productively share results with colleagues. Berners-Lee reckoned that, given wide enough implementation, hypertext might rescue them. He submitted a proposal in March 1989 for an “information mesh” accessible to the several thousand CERN employees. “Vague, but interesting,” his boss replied. Adequately encouraged, Berners-Lee spent the next year and a half struggling to refine his idea, and also to find a suitable name.

scholarly journals Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon. 28 August 1928—22 November 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanath Cowsik
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Vice President ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Decay Modes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Three Body

M. G. K. Menon, referred to as Goku, was an outstanding particle physicist and an extraordinary statesman of science. He made his major contributions to particle physics during the tortuous years of the unravelling of the full complexity of the families of elementary particles. It was an exciting but perplexing period, and the elucidation of the complexities of the world of elementary particles took the combined efforts of the experimentalists and the theorists. Goku's contributions were central to establishing what was eventually to become the standard picture of elementary particles. He will be remembered for his studies of the two- and three-body decay modes of the charged kaon that gave rise to the ‘τ–θ’ puzzle signalling non-conservation of parity. He coined the evocative phrase ‘associated production’ to describe the creation of kaons and hyperons together in high-energy interactions. He led a team that carried out experiments at great depths underground, and in 1965 they detected an event in which a cosmic-ray neutrino interacted with rock, producing an energetic muon. In the 1980s, with a large detector, also deployed underground, he set a lower bound on the lifetime for the decay of the proton. Menon was a great builder of academic and scientific institutions and a pre-eminent advocate for science. Accordingly, he stimulated and participated actively in building up the scientific and technological infrastructure in independent India, initially as the secretary of the Government of India and subsequently as the minister of state for science and technology. As the president of the International Council of Scientific Unions, he spearheaded its participation in the policymaking body of the United Nations. He was at various times the president of the three leading academies of sciences in India and a founding member and vice-president of the World Academy of Sciences. He was a gentle and loving family man and an energetic and engaged scientific colleague.

scholarly journals James Macdonald Cassels, 9 September 1924 - 19 October 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Slow Neutron ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
New Facilities

James Macdonald Cassels was a physicist who, in the course of his career, encompassed a wide range of interests. As a research student he pioneered a new branch of research in the study of solids by slow neutron scattering. While still in his twenties he played an important part in persuading the Government to join the fledgling C.E.R.N. organization in Geneva. By research on the synchrocyclotrons at Harwell and Liverpool he established himself internationally as an authority in the field of high-energy particle physics. Occupying the Liverpool Chair once held by Chadwick he continued the work of his predecessor in developing the Physics Department as a centre of excellence, with the provision of new facilities and the establishment of the nearby Daresbury Laboratory. For many years he was active in the promotion of energy conservation through the concept of combined heat and power from power stations. Towards the end of his career he suffered increasingly from ill-health.

scholarly journals CERN: Guardian of the Human Aspiration to Understand the Universe

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-235
Author(s):  
Jos Engelen ◽  
Paul ‘t Hart
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is the world’s most formidable centre for particle physics. Its mission is radically ambitious: uncovering what the universe is made of and how it works. It advances that mission by providing particle accelerator facilities that enable world-class research in fundamental physics, bringing together scientists from all over the world to push the frontiers of science and technology. It has become widely recognized as one of the most successful cross-national collaborative research organizations of all times. Smart institutional design, good governance, resourceful leadership and resilient collaboration have underpinned the strong sense of interdependence, entrenched norms of mutual respect, trust, empathy and consensual decision-making that have allowed it to thrive.

Quelques aspects de la physique des collisions noyau–noyau à énergie ultra relativiste

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218
Author(s):  
Claude Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Lattice Gauge Theory ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Lattice Gauge ◽  
200 Gev ◽  
Normal Nuclear Density ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

We discuss the results of the measurements of the energy flow and multiplicity for the collisions of 16O and 32S with a set of target nuclei at an incident energy of 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon and 200 GeV/nucleon, respectively. These measurements have been performed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) super proton synchroton by NA-34/HELIOS (high energy lepton and ion spectrometer), NA-35, NA-36, NA-38, and WA-80 in various pseudorapidity regions. The measurements of the transverse energy (ET) distributions provide an understanding of the concept of the stopping power and the estimates of the energy density reached. The energy densities reached in these collisions (~ 5 GeV/fm3) are at least an order of magnitude larger than the normal nuclear density (0.15 GeV/fm3) and are also in the region of the critical value of ~ 2.5 GeV/fm3 obtained from lattice gauge theory. [Formula: see text], obtained by combining the transverse energy and the multiplicity measurements, is compared with earlier results reported in cosmic-ray studies. The pT spectra of the charged particles and photons produced in these collisions are compared with the corresponding spectra measured in proton–nucleus collisions. The present situation suggests the study of new observables.

scholarly journals Big science and innovation: gestation lag from procurement to patents for CERN suppliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bastianin ◽  
Paolo Castelnovo ◽  
Massimo Florio ◽  
Anna Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Filing Date ◽  
Count Data Models ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Long Time

AbstractCERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the most important laboratory for particle physics in the world. It requires cutting edge technologies to deliver scientific discoveries. This paper investigates the time span needed for technology suppliers of CERN to absorb the knowledge acquired during the procurement relation and develop it into a patent. We estimate count data models relying on a sample of CERN suppliers for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator. Firms in our sample received their first LHC-related order over a long-time span (1995–2008). This fact is exploited to estimate the time lag that separates the beginning of the procurement relationship and the filing date of patents. Becoming a supplier of CERN is associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of patent applications by firms. Moreover, such an effect requires a relatively long gestation lag in the range of five to eight years.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

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