scholarly journals Visualization and simulated surgery of the left ventricle in the virtual pathological heart of the Virtual Physiological Human

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. B. McFarlane ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
G. J. Clapworthy ◽  
F. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Integrated Medicine ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Specific Prediction ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Significant Health

Ischaemic heart failure remains a significant health and economic problem worldwide. This paper presents a user-friendly software system that will form a part of the virtual pathological heart of the Virtual Physiological Human (VPH2) project, currently being developed under the European Commission Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) programme. VPH2 is an integrated medicine project, which will create a suite of modelling, simulation and visualization tools for patient-specific prediction and planning in cases of post-ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. The work presented here describes a three-dimensional interactive visualization for simulating left ventricle restoration surgery, comprising the operations of cutting, stitching and patching, and for simulating the elastic deformation of the ventricle to its post-operative shape. This will supply the quantitative measurements required for the post-operative prediction tools being developed in parallel in the same project.

3D Reconstruction of the Left Ventricle From Four Echocardiographic Projections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneetha Krishnan Rajan ◽  
Zeying Song ◽  
Kenneth R. Hoffmann ◽  
Marek Belohlavek ◽  
Eileen M. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Automated Method

The left ventricle (LV) of a human heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body via the aortic valve. Characterizing the LV geometry, its motion, and the ventricular flow is critical in assessing the heart’s health. An automated method has been developed in this work to generate a three-dimensional (3D) model of the LV from multiple-axis echocardiography (echo). Image data from three long-axis sections and a basal section is processed to compute spatial nodes on the LV surface. The generated surfaces are output in a standard format such that it can be imported into the curvilinear-immersed boundary (CURVIB) framework for numerical simulation of the flow inside the LV. The 3D LV model can be used for better understanding of the ventricular motion and the simulation framework provides a powerful tool for studying left ventricular flows on a patient specific basis. Future work would incorporate data from additional cross-sectional images.

Abstract 248: Aberrant TGFβ Signaling as an Etiology of Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kodo ◽  
Sang-Ging Ong ◽  
Fereshteh Jahanbani ◽  
Vittavat Termglinchan ◽  
Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is the third most prevalent cardiomyopathy in children and has a unique phenotype with characteristically extensive hypertrabeculation of the left ventricle, similar to the embryonic left ventricle, suggesting a developmental defect of the embryonic myocardium. However, studying this disease has been challenging due to the lack of an animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the clinical phenotype of LVNC. To address this, we showed that patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) generated from a family with LVNC history recapitulated a developmental defect consistent with the LVNC phenotype at the single-cell level. We then utilized hiPSC-CMs to show that increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is one of the central mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of LVNC. LVNC hiPSC-CMs demonstrated decreased proliferative capacity due to abnormal activation of TGFβ signaling (Figs A-B). Exome sequencing demonstrated a mutation in TBX20, which regulates TGFβ signaling through upregulation of ITGAV, contributing to the LVNC phenotype. Inhibition of abnormal TGFβ signaling or genetic correction of the TBX20 mutation (Figs C-D) using TALEN reversed the proliferation defects seen in LVNC hiPSC-CMs. Our results demonstrate that hiPSC-CMs are a useful tool for the exploration of novel mechanisms underlying poorly understood cardiomyopathies such as LVNC. Here we provide the first evidence of activation of TGFβ signaling as playing a role in the pathogenesis of LVNC.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional left ventricular segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging for patient-specific modelling purposes

EP Europace ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. iv96-iv101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Caiani ◽  
A. Colombo ◽  
M. Pepi ◽  
C. Piazzese ◽  
F. Maffessanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Resonance Imaging

P5993Comprehensive characterization of experimental aortic valve stenosis by multiparametric MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Quast ◽  
S Zimmer ◽  
F Boenner ◽  
C Jacoby ◽  
I Gyamfi-Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Aortic Flow

Abstract Background Recently, we established an experimental model of moderate aortic valve stenosis (AS) aiming to mimic human disease progression closely. Functional and structural MRI of a mouse model in experimental aortic valve stenosis has not been accomplished so far. Purpose Here, we aimed at developing comprehensive MRI approach for simultaneous assessment of changes in valvular, left ventricular and aortic morphology and function. Methods Male 12-week-old wildtype mice (C57Bl/6) were subjected to wire injury of the aortic valve to induce aortic valve stenosis. High resolution MRI at 9.4T was used to monitor subsequent functional and structural changes in the aortic valve, the ascending aorta, the left ventricle and aortic flow patterns. Results MRI permits accurate planimetry of the orifice and the thickness of the aortic valve, allows a reliable three-dimensional mapping of transvalvular aortic flow, simultaneously depicts aortic regurgitation in 3D fashion and permits assessment of left ventricular changes due to AS. In our model we observed a reduced valve orifice and an increase in valve thickness. Homogenous flow pattern under control converted to heterogenous and turbulent flow with progression of AS associated with increased aortic strain, aortic wall and left ventricular wall thickness. Conclusions In a murine model of aortic valve stenosis MRI is capable to reliably display a three-dimensional transvalvular aortic flow profile with concomitant quantification of structural and functional changes in aortic valve, left ventricle, and ascending aorta. This comprehensive functional imaging at high resolution and distinct reproducibility offers for the first time serial assessment of disease progression in an experimental model of aortic valve stenosis.

Anatomical & Imaging Measures of the Left Ventricular Apical Thinning

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Yao Hui Zhu ◽  
Chee Mun Lum ◽  
Shao Yin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Multiplanar Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Anatomical Imaging

Doing the heart three-dimensional CT imaging (3DCT), the writers found 3DCT can clearly show the left ventricular apical thinning (LVAT). Purpose: To observe the shape of LVAT and measure related parameters in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases. Methods: 12 cadaveric heart specimens were observed, and the thickness of LVAT was measured, as well as the thickest myocardium of left ventricle (TMLV). There are 69 cases imaging data of the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases without heart diseases from PACS in our hospital, with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), Volume rendering (VR), the LVAT was clearly shown and measured. Measuring parameters include the thickness of LVAT, TMLV and the distance between the LVAT and the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery (DBLCA). Statistical comparisons were made. Results: In all cadaveric heart specimens of 12 cases were found the LVAT, the thickness of LVAT, TMLV was 1.74 mm ± 0.32 mm, 13.07 mm ± 1.48 mm. 3DCT clearly showed the LVAT in the 69 cases, whose thickness was 1.17 mm ± 0.43 mm in the diastole phase and 1.19 mm ± 0.48 mm in the systole phase. The thickness of TMLV was 12.02 mm ± 1.66mm, and the distance between the LVAT and DBLCA was 13.70mm ± 3.78 mm in the diastole phase. There were not significant differences in the LVAT thickness between systole and diastole phases (t = 0.366, p > 0.5), but there are significant differences in measuring the thickness of myocardium between the anatomy and 3DCT (t = 2.210, 0.01< P<0.05). Conclusion: The LVAT can be clearly shown by anatomy and 3DCT, and its thickness does not change in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases.

scholarly journals P1284 The role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of geometry and function of the left ventricle in patients with chronic chagas cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C L Barros-Filho ◽  
H T Moreira ◽  
K S M Martins ◽  
M V Simoes ◽  
A Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Chagas Cardiomyopathy ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
2D Echocardiography

Abstract BACKGROUND A hallmark of chronic Chagas" cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the early appearance of regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV), especially in the lateral and apical regions. The morphological and functional assessment of LV by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, besides depending on geometric assumptions, may not include the most affected segments. The three-dimensional (3D) method offers advantage for the quantification of chamber volumes, but its role in the assessment of patients with CCC is not well established. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the concordance between 3D and 2D methods in the quantification of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with CCC. METHODS: 44 patients with CCC were selected. Seven subjects were excluded from the analysis (3 for atrial fibrillation, 1 for frequent ventricular extrasystoles, 3 for inadequate acoustic window), resulting in 37 patients. Subjects were submitted to 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography by a single experienced examiner following the recommendations from the chamber quantification guidelines. The concordance between the methods was evaluated using the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCI) and the Bland-Altman graph analysis. Descriptive analyses of the percentage of individuals reclassified as to altered or to non altered-LVEDV and LVEF values were performed using normal values of 3D as a reference. RESULTS: Age = 58 ± 12 years, 54% men. LVEF-2D = 47 ± 9% and LVEDV- 2D = 73 ± 18 ml / m². The CCI for the measurements of LVEDV and FEVE by both methods was 0.861 and 0.833, respectively. The mean difference found was 3 mL for LVEDV and 3% for LVEF. The 95% agreement limits found were (-14, 20 ml) for LVEDV and (-5; 11%) for LVEF. When assessed with 2D, 27% of individuals previously classified as having LV enlargement were reclassified as having normal LV volumes using the 3D method. Conversely, regarding LVEF, 16% of individuals considered normal by 2D were reclassified as having reduced LVEF with the 3D method. CONCLUSION: In individuals with CCC measurements of LVEDV and LVEF by 3D and 2D methods show high agreement. However, 3D evaluation allows the reclassification of 27% and 16% of the individuals regarding the presence of LV dilatation and LV systolic dysfunction, respectively. Abstract P1284 Figure. Bland-Altman plot - LVEF

Modeling and Analysis of Heart Left Ventricle in Diastole Using Finite Element

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Seidel ◽  
J. Michael Kabo ◽  
Vidya K. Nandikolla
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Tissue Compliance

Finite element is used to analyze the effects of infarct on left ventricular end-diastolic function. The results for the symmetric infarct cases 1–6 demonstrated in this paper correspond to infarct percent by volume of 4, 8, 9, 16, 25 and 51% respectively. Using the developed three-dimensional model, these infarct percent by volume showed a reduction in end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 3, 5, 5, 8, 11, 17 mL respectively. Three natural infarct cases denoted A, B and C was evaluated consisting of 7%, 15% and 50% infarct region by volume respectively. The decrease in EDV for cases A, B and C were 6, 9 and 17 mL. The simulated decrease in EDV for the infarct cases was consistent with patients experiencing decreased tissue compliance. The higher left ventricle (LV) pressure resulted in an increase in wall stress opposite to the infarct for the symmetric and natural infarct cases.

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