scholarly journals Aggression and discrimination among closely versus distantly related species of Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190069
Author(s):  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Sarah E. Howe ◽  
Marlo L. Zorman ◽  
Brent L. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Heterospecific Aggression

Fighting between different species is widespread in the animal kingdom, yet this phenomenon has been relatively understudied in the field of aggression research. Particularly lacking are studies that test the effect of genetic distance, or relatedness, on aggressive behaviour between species. Here we characterized male–male aggression within and between species of fruit flies across the Drosophila phylogeny. We show that male Drosophila discriminate between conspecifics and heterospecifics and show a bias for the target of aggression that depends on the genetic relatedness of opponent males. Specifically, males of closely related species treated conspecifics and heterospecifics equally, whereas males of distantly related species were overwhelmingly aggressive towards conspecifics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify aggression between Drosophila species and to establish a behavioural bias for aggression against conspecifics versus heterospecifics. Our results suggest that future study of heterospecific aggression behaviour in Drosophila is warranted to investigate the degree to which these trends in aggression among species extend to broader behavioural, ecological and evolutionary contexts.

scholarly journals Aggression and discrimination among closely versus distantly related species of Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Sarah E. Howe ◽  
Marlo L. Zorman ◽  
Brent L. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Behavioral Bias ◽  
Heterospecific Aggression

AbstractFighting between different species is widespread in the animal kingdom, yet this phenomenon has been relatively understudied in the field of aggression research. Particularly lacking are studies that test the effect of genetic distance, or relatedness, on aggressive behavior between species. Here we characterized male-male aggression within and between species of fruit flies across the Drosophila phylogeny. We show that male Drosophila discriminate between conspecifics and heterospecifics and show a bias for the target of aggression that depends on the genetic relatedness of opponent males. Specifically, males of closely related species treated conspecifics and heterospecifics equally, whereas males of distantly related species were overwhelmingly aggressive toward conspecifics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify aggression between Drosophila species and to establish a behavioral bias for aggression against conspecifics versus heterospecifics. Our results suggest that future study of heterospecific aggression behavior in Drosophila is warranted to investigate the degree to which these trends in aggression among species extend to broader behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary contexts.

Genetic Relatedness and Variability in Three Marine Angelfish Species Revealed by Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
M. Thangaraj ◽  
T. T. Ajith Kumar ◽  
R. Thirumaraiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate thegenetic relationships and variability in three closely related species of angelfishes(Family Pomacanthidae). Ten random primers were screened to identifyspecies â€specific bands in Pomacanthus imperator, P. annularis and Apolemichthysxanthurus. The total numbers of scorable bands were 253, inwhich the numbers of species  â€specific bands were 153. By this study it wasobserved that, P. imperator was very closer to P. annularis with a geneticsimilarity of 0.1322and farthest to A. xanthurus with the genetic distance of0.8182. The UPGMA â€ neighbour joining tree grouped the three species intoseparate clusters emphasizing the distinct species status.

Locomotion is not influenced by denticle number in larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Evelyn Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Locomotory Performance ◽  
Locomotion Speed

Denticles are small projections on the underside of larval fruit flies that are used to grip the substrate while crawling. Previous studies have shown that (i) there is natural variation in denticle number and pattern between Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) and several closely related species and (ii) mutations affecting denticle morphology have negative effects on locomotory performance. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between denticle number and locomotory performance within populations of D. melanogaster. Despite finding considerable variation in denticle number, we found no correlation between denticle number and three measurements of larval locomotion: speed, acceleration, and absolute turning rate.

scholarly journals Head Transcriptomes of Two Closely Related Species of Fruit Flies of theAnastrepha fraterculusGroup Reveals Divergent Genes in Species with Extensive Gene Flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3283-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Borges Rezende ◽  
Carlos Congrains ◽  
André Luís A. Lima ◽  
Emeline Boni Campanini ◽  
Aline Minali Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Closely Related Species

scholarly journals Identification of CITES-Listed Euphorbia royleana through DNA Barcoding Technology: A New Facet in Wildlife Forensics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-272
Author(s):  
Mukesh Thakar ◽  
Tina Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wildlife Forensics ◽  
Interspecific Genetic Distance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Discrimination Method

Disorganized and chaotic collection of the Euphorbia plant species from the wild is one of the major reasons for its endangered status. According to CITES, the trade in Euphorbia royleana species is prohibited under Appendix II. However, the trade continues unabated as current identification methods do not discriminate between closely related species.  In the present study, a DNA barcoding method has been used to establish inter- and intra-specific divergences of both matK and rbcL regions by using pairwise genetic distance measurement methods for evaluating the maximum barcoding gap. The matk and rbcL yielded a 100% amplification and sequencing success rate to distinguish closely related species of Euphorbia royleana unambiguously. The matk and rbcL showed average interspecific genetic distance divergence values of 0.031and 0.015, respectively. The maximum number of species-specific SNPs was observed in matK sequences at seven consecutive sites, which could distinguish Euphorbia royleana from closely related species.  The best candidate barcoding region to identify Euphorbia royleana was found to be matK with a single-locus barcoding approach. Furthermore, the species discrimination method was developed with the help of species-specific SNPs derived from the matK barcoding region to accurately authenticate Euphorbia royleana, and it provided 100% species resolution

Allozyme variation in three closely related species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta)

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
F.D. Danielyan ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Insular Populations

AbstractGenetic diversity at 37 allozyme loci was surveyed from Lacerta valentini (4 populations), L. portschinskii and L. rudis (1 population each). The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 (L. valentini) to 11 (L. rudis). Mean heterozygosity (direct count) ranged from 0.003 (L. valentini) to 0.071 (L. rudis). Nei's (1978) genetic distance ranged from 0-0.03 among populations of L. valentini, 0.127-0.163 between L. valentini and L. rudis and 0.366-0.487 between L. portschinskii and the two other taxa. Indices of genetic variability for species having disjunct distributions were lower than in species with contiguous distributions, similar to the case of insular populations, which have lower values than do mainland populations.

The Mentality of Apes Revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Jesse M. Bering
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Human Uniqueness

Although early comparative psychology was seriously marred by claims of our species'supremacy, the residual backlash against these archaic evolutionary views is still being felt, even though our understanding of evolutionary biology is now sufficiently advanced to grapple with possible cognitive specializations that our species does not share with closely related species. The overzealous efforts to dismantle arguments of human uniqueness have only served to show that most comparative psychologists working with apes have yet to set aside the antiquated evolutionary ”ladder.“ Instead, they have only attempted to pull chimpanzees up to the ladder's highest imaginary rung — or perhaps, to pull humans down to an equally imaginary rung at the height of the apes. A true comparative science of animal minds, however, will recognize the complex diversity of the animal kingdom, and will thus view Homo sapiens as one more species with a unique set of adaptive skills crying out to be identified and understood.

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness and taxonomy in closely related species of Hedysarum (Fabaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Zvyagina ◽  
Olga V. Dorogina ◽  
Pilar Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Closely Related Species

scholarly journals Comparing Morphological With Genetic Distances Between Populations: A New Method and its Application to the Prosopis chilensis – P. flexuosa complex

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verga ◽  
H.-R. Gregorius
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
New Method ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Prosopis Chilensis ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Productive Systems

Abstract The biological units that are the object of management, preservation and improvement for the development of sustainable productive systems in natural areas, need to be differentiated and analyzed. Attending to this need, a new morphological distance is presented in this work. This distance is based on qualitative criteria and is applied to numerical taxonomy studies. The characteristics of this trait allow its comparison with the genetic distance of GREGORIUS (1974). Both parameters are essential tools in basic studies of native species populations. The morphological distance is applied to reveal genetically differentiated units in a swarm of hybrids between closely related species, and this result is compared with the results obtained from the application of traditional methods of numerical taxonomy.

Studies On the Behaviour of Cyprinodont Fish. Ii the Evolution of Aggressive Behaviour in Old World Rivulins

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe aggressive behaviour of eighteen species of Old World rivulins is described. The phylogenetic relationship of these species is known and thus the evolution of the behaviour patterns can be elucidated. Comparisons of behaviour were made using transition matrices and the changes in behaviour that occurred during the course of aggressive encounters. It is possible to construct an archetypal pattern of aggressive behaviour from which all existing patterns can be derived. The following types of behavioural change have occurred during evolution. a. Changes in the importance and thus the frequency of occurrence of individual elements of the behaviour. In some species certain of the elements have become eliminated from the repertoire. However the order in which the individual components of aggression reach maximum frequency during the course of encounters is essentially the same in all the species. b. The acquisition of novel transitions between elements often in the form of higher order interactions involving more than two elements. c. Changes in the form and orientation of the elements. Differences between closely related species are mainly in minor variations in frequency of elements and transitions between them; more distantly related species differ more fundamentally and thus the differences in behaviour are in accordance with the taxonomic status of the species.

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