scholarly journals Design of a custom-made device for real-time optical measurement of differential mineral concentrations in three-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lovecchio ◽  
V. Betti ◽  
M. Cortesi ◽  
E. Ravagli ◽  
S. Severi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Non Destructive

Monitoring bone tissue engineered (TEed) constructs during their maturation is important to ensure the quality of applied protocols. Several destructive, mainly histochemical, methods are conventionally used to this aim, requiring the sacrifice of the investigated samples. This implies (i) to plan several scaffold replicates, (ii) expensive and time consuming procedures and (iii) to infer the maturity level of a given tissue construct from a cognate replica. To solve these issues, non-destructive techniques such as light spectroscopy-based methods have been reported to be useful. Here, a miniaturized and inexpensive custom-made spectrometer device is proposed to enable the non-destructive analysis of hydrogel scaffolds. Testing involved samples with a differential amount of calcium salt. When compared to a reference standard device, this custom-made spectrometer demonstrates the ability to perform measurements without requiring elaborate sample preparation and/or a complex instrumentation. This preliminary study shows the feasibility of light spectroscopy-based methods as useful for the non-destructive analysis of TEed constructs. Based on these results, this custom-made spectrometer device appears as a useful option to perform real-time/in-line analysis. Finally, this device can be considered as a component that can be easily integrated on board of recently prototyped bioreactor systems, for the monitoring of TEed constructs during their conditioning.

scholarly journals The Examination of Restrained Joints Created in the Process of Multi-Material FFF Additive Manufacturing Technology

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kluczyński ◽  
Lucjan Śnieżek ◽  
Alexander Kravcov ◽  
Krzysztof Grzelak ◽  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

The paper is focused on the examination of the internal quality of joints created in a multi-material additive manufacturing process. The main part of the work focuses on experimental production and non-destructive testing of restrained joints of modified PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) three-dimensional (3D)-printed on RepRap 3D device that works on the “open source” principle. The article presents the outcomes of a non-destructive materials test in the form of the data from the Laser Amplified Ultrasonography, microscopic observations of the joints area and tensile tests of the specially designed samples. The samples with designed joints were additively manufactured of two materials: Specially blended PLA (Market name—PLA Tough) and conventionally made ABS. The tests are mainly focused on the determination of the quality of material connection in the joints area. Based on the results obtained, the samples made of two materials were compared in the end to establish which produced material joint is stronger and have a lower amount of defects.

scholarly journals Using Negative Muons as a Probe for Depth Profiling Silver Roman Coinage

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Hampshire ◽  
Kevin Butcher ◽  
Katsu Ishida ◽  
George Green ◽  
Don Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Surface Enrichment ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Roman Coins ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

Debasement of silver Roman coins is a well-known phenomenon and understanding the quality of ancient silver coinages can provide an idea about the underlying fiscal condition of the issuing states. These coins are made from a silver-copper alloy, the surfaces of which were deliberately enhanced at the mints by a process of surface-enrichment to give them the appearance of being made of pure silver. Therefore, any surface analysis would provide a composition of the silver-copper alloy that would not be representative of the original alloy from which the coin blank was made; the result would be too high in silver. However, the bulk of the sample, the interior, should provide a composition that is true to the original alloy. Elemental analysis using negative muons has been used to provide a depth dependent compositional, completely non-destructive analysis of a silver-copper alloy denarius of the empress Julia Domna datable to 211–217 CE. The composition of the coin, beyond the surface enrichment layer, is 51 ± 1.8 % copper and 49 ± 1.9% silver, taken at a muon depth of 402 ± 61 µm. The surface enrichment layer is approximately 190 µm thick.

Effectiveness of Non Destructive Physical Analysis Method Using X-ray CT Imaging

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mizoguchi ◽  
Koichiro Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Images ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Nondestructive Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Now we are attempting to apply non destructive analysis from evaluation tests or failure analysis to acceptance tests or production tests. Needless to say non destructive analysis has an advantage of conserving the state of samples and the reducing the time of analysis as compared to conventional methods with destructive physical analysis. Moreover, we are paying attention to the following reasons for nondestructive physical analysis. It is difficult to keep the reproducibility of the analysis because of the high skill level required for destructive physical analysis. On the other hand, high reproducibility can be easily achieved by fixing the condition or parameters of the device during nondestructive analysis when performed by tools like X-ray. Moreover, we expect that neither the analytical result nor the quality of the nondestructive analysis depends upon the worker's capability. In this paper we will discuss the following two items from the viewpoint of quality assurance. 1. The method of the screening for fake parts (1) The procedure flow for the production discontinued parts (2) The comparison and examination between the diagnostic using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) images and various examinations (3) Other observation cases using X-ray CT images 2. Effectiveness and consideration in reliability evaluation test using X-ray CT image (1) Comparison of observation cases with a variety of jointing points in parts (2) Consideration of application of nondestructive observation technique in reliability test Use of X-ray CT images is effective in diagnosing the quality of the product or the process. Moreover, we find that use of X-ray CT images is effective for the improvement of the reproducibility of the evaluation examination. Then we find that use of X-ray CT images can reduce the time of evaluation examination too.

Research on ROI Image Processing Technology of Teleoperation Construction Robot Based on Trinocular Stereo Vision

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 2581-2584
Author(s):  
Ming De Gong ◽  
Bo Tian ◽  
Yue Ning ◽  
Wei Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Robot System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Calibration Algorithm

Digital image has a large quantity of image data and long time for transmitting. It affects the real-time of the teleoperation robot system. According to the basic principle of human eye identifying objects and image blurry processing, a new image processing method of simulating human eye range of interest (ROI) is proposed. The method uses the calibration algorithm of three-dimensional stereo target and the Gauss blurred principle. The non-ROI region is blurred to hierarchy for extracting the feature and measurement to finish the image processing tasks. The experimental results showed that the quality of the images was assured and the transmission time was shorted. The real-time of the teleoperation robot system was also guaranteed.

Near-Wall Stereo PIV Investigation of the Turbulent Channel Flow Over Rough-Walls

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarong Hong ◽  
Joseph Katz ◽  
Michael Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Channel Flow ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turbulent Channel Flow ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Near Wall

The near-wall turbulent flow in the rough-wall channel is of great significance in engineering applications, but remains a challenge for both experimental measurement and numerical modeling due to the complexity of the roughness geometry. For optical measurement techniques, e.g. PIV, obstruction by the roughness elements and reflection from the surface adversely affect the quality of near wall data. Our present study utilizes a facility containing a fluid with the same refractive index as the rough acrylic wall, making the interface almost invisible, and employs Stereo PIV to obtain the three-dimensional flow field in the vicinity of the roughness elements. The roughness shape is a uniformly distributed and closely packed, 0.5 mm high pyramid, corresponding to 95 wall units, with a pitch angle of 22.5 degrees. The length of the rough surface is sufficiently long to obtain self-similar roughness boundary layer, turbulent channel flow at a mean velocity of 3.8 m/s, with a clearly defined log layer. Results will include sample data of the complete flow, both around and above the roughness elements. Issues related to implementation of Stereo PIV in an index-matched facility will be discussed.

scholarly journals Application of carnauba-based wax maintains postharvest quality of 'Ortanique' tangor

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Ligia de Castro Machado ◽  
José Maria Correia Costa ◽  
Emanuele Nogueira Batista
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Juice Content

This study aimed at evaluating compositional changes in the quality of 'Ortanique' tangor after coating with the carnauba-based waxes Aruá Tropical® or Star Light®. The storage conditions studied simulated those of local marketing (22 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH). Non-destructive analysis, mass loss, peel color, and sensory evaluation, were performed upon coating and every three days up to the fifteenth day of storage. Destructive analysis, peel moisture content, chlorophyll of the peel, pulp color, juice content, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, were performed upon coating and every four days up to the sixteenth day of storage. The assay was conducted using an entirely randomized design, with three replications (destructive analyses) or ten replications (non-destructive analyses), in a split plot scheme. Wax-coating, especially Aruá Tropical®, maintained fruit freshness by reducing mass loss and peel dehydration and retaining green color. Peel moisture content, chlorophyll content, and juice content had lower rates in the wax coated fruits. Puncture force, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio varied vary little over the course of storage. Sensory evaluation showed that the application of Aruá Tropical keeps 'Ortanique' tangor fresher for 6 days longer for commercialization.

scholarly journals Development of a millimetre wave based SAR real-time imaging system for three-dimensional non-destructive testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Schwäbig ◽  
Siying Wang ◽  
Sabine Gütgemann
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Real Time Imaging ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The following article describes the development of a millimetre wave based real-time imaging system for three dimensional non-destructive testing of goods. For this purpose a rotating antenna is used which is fed from an FMCW radar. The received measuring data is processed with a SAR algorithm. Due to the fact that a reflexive measurement method is used, the integration of the system into existing systems is simplified. To make the computing power-intensive SAR image processing possible, the complete signal processing chain of the image processing is executed on the graphics card. The article elucidates the concept for calculating the measurement parameters which have to be elaborated for the implementation of the image processing of the whole system.

Non-Destructive Analysis of Thin III-V Epitaxial Layers Using a Tabletop Double Crystal X-Ray Diffractometer

1990 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Commercial Software Package ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTSome of today's most promising and interesting semiconductor devices use only a few thin epitaxial layers of III-V materials, where each layer may be only 100 to 1,000A thick. There is a need for fast, accurate, non-destructive analysis techniques for these structures. Double-crystal x-ray diffraction has proven to be an excellent method for measuring composition, thickness, interface sharpness, and overall crystalline quality of III-V heterostructures. Data is presented on the use of a Bede QC1 automated table-top double-crystal diffractometer for the analysis of (AI,Ga)As, (ln,Ga)As, and GaAs epitaxial layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). It is shown that this technique can directly detect and analyze single layers of (In,Ga)As as thin as 200A, and in some cases, can indirectly detect layers of GaAs or (AI,Ga)As as thin as 100A without unusual measures such as glancing angle diffraction. The rocking curve results are compared with values predicted by RHEED intensity oscillation measurements, and with computer simulations using a commercial software package.

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