scholarly journals Dynamical symmetrization of the state of identical particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2249) ◽  
pp. 20200911
Author(s):  
Armen E. Allahverdyan ◽  
Karen V. Hovhannisyan ◽  
David Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Particle Collision ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Particle State ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Product State ◽  
Collision Time ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Identical Particles ◽  
Quantum Jump

We propose a dynamical model for state symmetrization of two identical particles produced in spacelike-separated events by independent sources. We adopt the hypothesis that the pair of non-interacting particles can initially be described by a tensor product state since they are in principle distinguishable due to their spacelike separation. As the particles approach each other, a quantum jump takes place upon particle collision, which erases their distinguishability and projects the two-particle state onto an appropriately (anti-)symmetrized state. The probability density of the collision times can be estimated quasi-classically using the Wigner functions of the particles’ wavepackets, or derived from fully quantum mechanical considerations using an appropriately adapted time-of-arrival operator. Moreover, the state symmetrization can be formally regarded as a consequence of the spontaneous measurement of the collision time. We show that symmetric measurements performed on identical particles can in principle discriminate between the product and symmetrized states. Our model and its conclusions can be tested experimentally.

Operators and meaning of wave function

2016 ◽  
pp. 4039-4042
Author(s):  
Viliam Malcher
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
State Vector ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Description ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Description ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Theory

The interpretation problems of quantum theory are considered. In the formalism of quantum theory the possible states of a system are described by a state vector. The state vector, which will be represented as |ψ> in Dirac notation, is the most general form of the quantum mechanical description. The central problem of the interpretation of quantum theory is to explain the physical significance of the |ψ>. In this paper we have shown that one of the best way to make of interpretation of wave function is to take the wave function as an operator.

SYMMETRY DECOUPLING IN LINEAR ALGEBRAIC VARIATIONAL SCATTERING PROBLEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
MEISHAN ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Variational Principle ◽  
Total Angular Momentum ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Scattering Problems ◽  
Identical Particles ◽  
Generalized Newton

This paper discusses the symmetry decoupling in quantum mechanical algebraic variational scattering calculations by the generalized Newton variational principle. Symmetry decoupling for collisions involving identical particles is briefly discussed. Detailed discussion is given to decoupling from evaluation of matrix elements with nonzero total angular momentum. Example numerical calculations are presented for BrH2 and DH2 systems to illustrate accuracy and efficiency.

scholarly journals On the role of entanglement in Schrödinger’s cat paradox

Open Physics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rinner ◽  
Ernst Werner
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Substance ◽  
The State ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mechanical Formalism ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Formalism ◽  
Cat States ◽  
Quantum Optical

AbstractIn this paper we re-investigate the core of Schrödinger’s “cat paradox”. We argue that one has to distinguish clearly between superpositions of macroscopic cat states |☺〉 + |☹〉 and superpositions of entangled states |☺, ↑〉 + |☹, ↓〉 which comprise both the state of the cat (☺=alive, ☹=dead) and the radioactive substance (↑=not decayed, ↓=decayed). It is shown, that in the case of the cat experiment recourse to decoherence or other mechanisms is not necessary in order to explain the absence of macroscopic superpositions. Additionally, we present modified versions of two quantum optical experiments as experimenta crucis. Applied rigorously, quantum mechanical formalism reduces the problem to a mere pseudo-paradox.

On the Dynamics of Particle-Particle Interaction

Tribology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cheng ◽  
K. Farhang ◽  
Y. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Particle System ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Approximate Equation ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Particle Collision ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Collision Dynamics ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Jkr Theory

In numerous engineering and science applications understanding the dynamic behavior of two interacting particles plays an indispensable role as it is the foundation based upon which the behavior of a large number of particles may be predicted. When two particles interact, two prominent forces of adhesion and elasticity are at work and, in some respect, in competition. This is especially true when particle-particle collision dynamics is of interest. Upon collision, two particles either develop physical bond, coalesce to form an agglomeration or rebound, each following a distinct path. A promising theory to address particle-particle collision dynamics is due to Johnson, Kendal and Roberts [1] referred to as the JKR method. However, JKR suffers from two main shortcomings in application to particle dynamics. These are (1) implicit relations between force and displacement and (2) representation of a two-particle system as a conservative system. These shortcomings were treated in [2] by first deriving a highly accurate approximate equation based on the JKR theory in which force and displacement are explicitly related and the extension of the JKR theory wherein the Kelving-Voigt viscoelastic model is used instead of the elastic model. This formulation provides an opportunity to study particle-particle collision dynamics, which is the study in the present paper.

Proton States in 155Tb, 157Tb, 159Tb, and 161Tb

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (24) ◽  
pp. 3152-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tippett ◽  
D. G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rotational Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Particle State ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Proton Transfers ◽  
Spectroscopic Factors ◽  
I 11 ◽  
Photographic Emulsions

Proton states in the odd terbium isotopes 155Tb, 157Tb, 159Tb, and 161Tb have been studied using (3He,d) and (α,t) reactions. The beams of 24 MeV 3He and 25 MeV alpha particles were produced by the McMaster University model FN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The reaction products were analyzed with an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph and detected with photographic emulsions. The ratios of cross sections in the (3He,d) and (α,t) reactions were used as an indication of the/values for the proton transfers, and the spectroscopic factors were extracted using DWBA calculations. The results of the present work confirm the assignments of the 3/2+ [411] and 5/2+[413] Nilsson orbitals in all four isotopes. The I = 11/2 states of the 5/2−[532] and 7/2−[523] orbitals were identified in 161Tb and 159Tb and their assignments confirmed in 157Tb and 155Tb. It was necessary to invoke appreciable Coriolis mixing between these two orbitals in order to describe the observed rotational level spacings and the spectroscopic strengths. The assignments of the 7/2+[404] orbital were confirmed in 155Tb and 157Tb and this orbital was identified in 159Tb and 161Tb. Previous assignments of the 1/2+ [411] particle state with vibrational admixtures were confirmed in 157Tb and 159Tb and the state was identified in 161Tb. The present results support earlier evidence for the existence of a second fragment of the 1/2+[411] orbital in 159Tb and suggest the presence of a similar state in 157Tb. In each of the isotopes the 5/2+[402] orbital was assigned and a tentative assignment for the 1/2−[541] orbital was proposed.

Consumer response to state-of-origin labels: the moderating role of residency

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-773
Author(s):  
Jae Min Jung ◽  
Joseph Jones ◽  
Curtis P. Haugtvedt ◽  
Somnath Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
The State ◽  
Product State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Product ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Made In

Purpose Despite the large number of studies on country of origin, little is known about the effects of state-level product origin information on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. Likewise, little is known about when the state-of-origin (SOO) information enhances, has no effect or has a negative effect on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. Primarily drawing on the country-of-origin literature, this study aims to examine the influence of SOO label information and the moderating role of state residency. Design/methodology/approach To test five hypotheses, the authors conducted a survey (Study 1) and an experiment (Study 2). The analyses included content analysis, regression and ANOVA. Findings The findings show that for certain products, moderate-to-strong product–state associations exist. However, when the associations are weak, consumers show bias for products made in their (vs other) states. The findings also show that when consumers evaluate their state products, normative (vs cognitive) reasons drive their attitudes, but that when they assess products from states other than their state of residency, cognitive (vs normative) reasons drive attitudes. Additionally, economic sustainability seems a powerful motivator for buying products made in their state of residency. Practical implications Companies should take advantage of positive biases for their products in the states in which they produce products. However, when companies market their products outside their states of production, in some cases, they should consider deemphasizing SOO information unless there is a strong product–state association present among consumers outside of the state. Originality/value This paper adds value by providing new insights for designing product origin labeling programs. Suggestions for future research and marketing strategies for practitioners who want to use SOO as a branding strategy are offered.

scholarly journals Is patience a virtue? Cosmic censorship of infrared effects in de Sitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743019
Author(s):  
Ricardo Z. Ferreira ◽  
McCullen Sandora ◽  
Martin S. Sloth
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Mode ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Cosmic Censorship ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Local Observer

While the accumulation of long wavelength modes during inflation wreaks havoc on the large scale structure of spacetime, the question of even observability of their presence by any local observer has lead to considerable confusion. Though, it is commonly agreed that infrared effects are not visible to a single sub-horizon observer at late times, we argue that the question is less trivial for a patient observer who has lived long enough to have a record of the state before the soft mode was created. Though classically, there is no obstruction to measuring this effect locally, we give several indications that quantum mechanical uncertainties censor the effect, rendering the observation of long modes ultimately forbidden.

scholarly journals Quantum Bourneville Model: On the Quantum Mechanical Nature of Dark Triad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
The State ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Mechanical Nature

The state of reality is not bound by the state of progress. Irrespective of our association, or lack of it, with any school of philosophy, the notion that we witness society and the events that occur within it cannot be denied. Consequently, the inception of a significant altercation in the existing direction of any perception regarding an unexplained phenomenon must involve the realization of a requirement for altercation (be it minor or major) to the direction of research conducted in the same. The identification of the correct altercation, hence, becomes the only topic of debate. The process of this identification requires a stoic sense of review of the current state of research and the current state of question that we wish to address. Therefore, it becomes important that this entity must be free from all forms of existing bias and must implement the existing approaches available without the limitations of the subject they are defined in. In this paper, I aim to do the same. This paper presents a thought experiment that eventually paves the way for establishing a quantum mechanical model for interpreting the notion of the Dark Triad whilst addressing all the concerns mentioned in Miller et al. (2019) regarding the current state of research in the field. The frequent question of identification of any empirical proof is rendered moot for this model given its vast intuitive appeal and philosophical foundation. While the author welcomes any attempts possible to provide solid, empirical proof of this quantum Dark Triad model, it is to be noted that the author considers attempts for the same to take into consideration the questions of formalism and determinism as expected from any scientific theory.

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