Siderocytes in mammalian blood

Since a review of the conditions under which siderocytes appear will support a hypothesis that it is an ageing erythrocyte at least as strongly as Grüneberg’s (1941 a ) theory that it should be considered as a young cell, a search was made in blood films of stored mammalian blood and large numbers of siderocytes were found. The conditions affecting the rate of appearance of the siderocytes were studied, and it was found that adverse conditions would hasten their appearance. The relationship of the siderotic material to the 'easily split’ blood iron was also considered, and it seems probable that both are derived from a special and identical fraction of ‘haemoglobin’, and that this phenomenon is related to an intracorpuscular bile pigment formation. The occurrence of siderocytosis after the ingestion of acetyl phenylhydrazine by a ‘normal’ human being was followed, and a close correlation between siderocytosis, erythrocyte destruction and urinary siderosis as described by Peyton Rous (1918) is shown. The siderocyte extrudes its siderotic granules and reverts to a state at present morphologically indistinguishable from the normal erythrocyte, but appears to be susceptible of phagocytosis at this stage. The application of siderocyte counts to clinical medicine is suggested.

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An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 880

Author(s):

Tuanyuan Shi ◽

Xinlei Yan ◽

Hongchao Sun ◽

Yuan Fu ◽

Lili Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Zealand White Rabbit ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Large Numbers ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

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The relationship of seat backrest angle and neck injury in low-velocity rear impacts

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/095440705x34946 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 219 (11) ◽

pp. 1293-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J Latchford ◽

E C Chirwa ◽

T Chen ◽

M Mao

Keyword(s):

Close Correlation ◽

Neck Injury ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Cervical Spine Injuries ◽

Rear Impact ◽

Test Specifications ◽

Lower Neck ◽

Rear Impacts ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Car-rear-impact-induced cervical spine injuries present a serious burden on society and, in response, seats offering enhanced protection have been introduced. Seats are evaluated for neck protection performance but only at one specific backrest angle, whereas in the real world this varies greatly owing to the variation in occupant physique. Changing the backrest angle modifies the seat geometry and thereby the nature of its interaction with the occupant. Low-velocity rear-impact tests on a BioRID II anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) have shown that changes in backrest angle have a significant proportionate effect on dummy kinematics. A close correlation was found between changes in backrest angle and the responses of neck injury predictors such as lower neck loading and lower neck shear but not for the neck injury criterion NICmax. Torso ramping was evident, however, with negligible effect in low-velocity impacts. The backrest angle ranged from 20° to 30° whereas the BioRID II spine was adapted to a range from 20° to 26.5°. Nevertheless, in general, instrumentation outputs correlated well, indicating that this ATD could be used for evaluating seats over a 20–30° range rather than solely at 25° as required by current approval test specifications.

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Autonomic Therapy in the Psychoneuroses

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.85.358.1036 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 85 (358) ◽

pp. 1036-1042

Author(s):

Duncan Macmillan ◽

H. Fischgold

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Though detailed knowledge of the autonomic nervous system is comparatively recent, the initial conceptions of its nature have undergone very important modifications during the time it has been known. This is mainly due to the fact that originally the anatomical discovery was taken up by investigators in various branches of clinical medicine, physiology and pharmacology, and made a special subject for detailed research. Especially did the dualism which is so remarkable a feature of the autonomic nervous system give rise to a number of theories about the relationship of the two components.

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The relationship of several plant characters with grain yield in sorghum and their use in estimating grain loss through pest activity

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9760129 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (78) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

PN Vance

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Grain Number ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Single Grain ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between grain yield and five plant characters in grain sorghum hybrid Pioneer 846 was studied. Grain yield was closely correlated with head weight, weight of a standard length of peduncle (WSP), peduncle perimeter (PP), head length and breadth. The close correlation of grain yield on WSP was shown to exist at a number of sites and for a number of varieties. However, regression equations differed for different sites, sowing dates and varieties. Of the two components of grain yield per head, single grain weight and grain number; only grain number was closely correlated with WSP. In one instance where moisture stress affected grain development, grain number but not yield was closely correlated with WSP. WSP was shown not to be affected by damage to the head and could therefore be used to estimate potential yield in agronomic trials where yield loss due to pest activity has occurred.

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Rostro-carinates and Rostrate Hand-axes

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500007824 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 282-284

Author(s):

J. Reid Moir

Keyword(s):

Wide Distribution ◽

Prehistoric Archaeology ◽

Ancestral Form ◽

Close Resemblance ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Lower Palaeolithic

Since the publication, several years ago, of my paper on the relationship of rostro-carinates to certain Lower Palaeolithic handaxes, a great deal more evidence bearing on this matter has come to light. I have been able to examine large numbers of handaxes, found in this country and in very widely separated places abroad, which exhibit, in their profile and in other characteristics, an extraordinarily close resemblance to rostro-carinates. Such palaeolithic specimens I have called rostrate hand-axes, and their number and wide distribution are beyond dispute. If it is a fact that the rostro-carinate is the ancestral form from which the earliest hand-axes were developed, then it would be reasonable to suppose that the oldest group of these, being nearest in time to the rostro-carinate epoch, would contain the largest number of specimens of the rostrate hand-axe type. Moreover, it would be expected that, in the later hand-axe groups, traces of the ancestral form would gradually fade out, and, except for certain specimens of what may be called atavistic form, be eliminated. That is the theory, and it is sometimes the fate of theories to be killed by facts, but in the case under consideration the reverse holds true. For few things in prehistoric archaeology are clearer than that rostrate hand-axes are most numerous in the Early Chelles period, or that the traces of the rostro-carinate form become ever less in evidence in the later epoch of St. Acheul. Though this is the case, however, the matter is not so simple and straightforward as was perhaps at first supposed.

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SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS OF THE RABBIT

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0310279 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 279-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

B. A. YOUNG ◽

C. L. FOSTER ◽

E. CAMERON

Keyword(s):

Granular Cell ◽

Pars Intermedia ◽

Pars Tuberalis ◽

Pars Distalis ◽

Cell Type ◽

Cytoplasmic Rna ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Predominant Cell Type ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

SUMMARY The ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis of the rabbit is described preliminary to reporting changes after experimental procedures. Fixation by perfusing with gluteraldehyde enabled selected regions of the gland to be removed with accuracy. Separate descriptions of the pars distalis proper, zona tuberalis, pars tuberalis and pars intermedia are therefore included. In the pars distalis proper four types of granular cell were recognized although their function cannot be accurately determined. For convenience, therefore, they have been designated 1, 2, 3 and 4. In addition a fifth type of cell (type 5) is described which is also present in the other areas. This cell, as well as having possible phagocytic functions, appears to be concerned in the formation of a perivascular channel. Two types of cell are recognized in the zona tuberalis, which are similar in appearance to the 3 and 4 cells of the pars distalis, although not necessarily identical in function. The characteristic cells of the pars tuberalis are rich in cytoplasmic RNA and contain large numbers of intracellular fibrils. It is suggested that the ribosomes are concerned in the synthesis of a sedentary protein which may take the form of the microfibrils. The pars intermedia contains a predominant cell type with large granules of varying density. The relationship of these granules to the specific hormone is discussed.

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Theory of mind and executive functions in normal human aging and Parkinson's disease

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617700677056 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 781-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

JENNIFER SALTZMAN ◽

ESTHER STRAUSS ◽

MICHAEL HUNTER ◽

SARAH ARCHIBALD

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Human Aging ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Normal Human ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Although the majority of research in theory of mind (TOM) has focused on young children or individuals with autism, recent investigations have begun to look at TOM throughout the lifespan and in other neurological and psychiatric populations. Some have suggested that TOM may represent a dissociable, modular brain system that is related to, but separable, from other brain functions including executive functions (EF). Recently, studies have shown that TOM performance can be compromised following an acquired brain insult (e.g, damage to the right hemisphere). However, the relationship of such impaired TOM performance to other brain functions in these cases has not been explored. This study investigated the effects of both normal human aging and Parkinson's disease on TOM. The relationship of TOM performance and EF in these groups was also examined. The results suggested that although TOM performance appeared compromised in the group of individuals with Parkinson's disease, the elderly control participants were relatively unimpaired relative to younger individuals. Significant relationships between several measures of TOM and EF were also found. The implications of these findings, and also the finding that failure on one measure of TOM did not necessarily predict failure on all measures of TOM, are discussed. (JINS, 2000, 6, 781–788.)

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Fast anisotropic Mg and H diffusion in wet forsterite

10.31223/x5f63n ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Muir ◽

Feiwu Zhang ◽

Andrew Walker

Keyword(s):

Density Functional ◽

Diffusion Rate ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Strong Function ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Mg diffusion, which is important for properties of forsterite such as conductivity and deformation, is a strong function of water content. The mechanism behind this effect, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this study we use Density Functional Theory to predict the diffusivity of 〖(2H)〗_Mg^X and we find that they are around 1000 times slower than H-free Mg vacancies V_Mg^''. In most wet conditions the concentration of 〖(2H)〗_Mg^X is much higher than that of V_Mg^'' and thus the primary effect of water on increasing the Mg-diffusion rate in forsterite is by producing large numbers of H-bearing Mg vacancies. A water induced increase in diffusion rate is predicted to be accompanied by a large increase in diffusional anisotropy primarily in the [001] direction. Using a previously developed model of H distribution in forsterite we predict that the effect of water on Mg diffusion is strongly dependent upon environmental conditions such as pressure or temperature. An exponent (r) describing the relationship of water concentration to Mg diffusion is found to vary between 0.5-1.6 across common experimental conditions with pressure decreasing this exponent and temperature increasing it. With 100 wt. ppm water Mg diffusion rates are predicted to increase by over 2 orders of magnitude at high temperature and low pressure (2000 K, 0 GPa) and by over 3.5 orders of magnitude at low temperature and high pressure (1000 K, 10 GPa) while the anisotropy of diffusion is predicted to increase by ~2/over 5.5 orders of magnitude respectively. A conversion from “dry” to “wet” rheological laws is predicted to occur at <~1 ppm. These results suggest that Mg diffusion in wet forsterite could vary considerably throughout mantle conditions in ways that cannot be captured with a simple one component equation. Finally we considered the effects of the diffusion of H-bearing Mg vacancies on conductivity in forsterite and olivine. We combined our diffusivity results with experimentally determined results for phonon conductivity but this predicted significaly lower conductivities than have been observed experimentally in olivine, particularly at low temperatures (~1000 K). This suggests that the effect of water on olivine conductivity is not primarily due to bulk 〖(2H)〗_Mg^X diffusion and operates via a different unknown mechanism.

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Measurement of Ethical Values

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1973.36.3c.1075 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1075-1088E

Author(s):

Joseph H. Jackson

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Power Relationship ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Student Groups ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Fundamental Scale ◽

Derivative Method ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The judgments of the magnitudes of goodness or badness (ethical values) of their successive situations over several days were recorded by three groups of college students. The relationship of their judged magnitudes of goodness and badness to the reported durations of their situations is described here. Judgments in terms of named and briefly described category scales of goodness and badness (given to the students) and judgments in terms of numerical scales (selected within limits by students) displayed the same power relationship between the average durations of the situations and the judged magnitude intervals of ethical value. This relationship held for large numbers of judgments of an individual as well as for the three student groups. It is suggested that this relationship offers a derivative method for measurement of ethical values, relating the category or numerical scales used to the fundamental scale of duration. The relationship also supports the operational definitions of “a good situation” as “a situation in which we act so as to continue the situation as long as we can or as long as it will, and tend to repeat it,” and “a bad situation” as “a situation in which we act so as to discontinue the situation as soon as we can or as soon as it will, and tend not to repeat it.”

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