Morphology of bull testes and seminal vesicles in relation to testicular androgens

1961 ◽  
Vol 154 (957) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tubular Diameter

Correlations were studied between various morphological and functional characteristics of the testis and seminal vesicle in bull calves and bulls, ranging in age from 28 days to 17½ years. Data obtained by the analysis of testosterone and androstenedione in the testes, and of fructose and citric acid in the seminal vesicles, were related to results of gross anatomical and histological measurements of these organs. The mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was adopted as a means of assessing testicular function, since it was shown that this diameter is related to the weight of the testis as a whole ( r = 0.92, P < 0.001), to the arrangement of the interstitial tissue, and to definite stages in the differentiation of the seminiferous epithelium . At 28 days, when the bull testis is relatively inactive, both as regards spermiogenesis and the endocrine function, the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was 48 μ. At the age of 90 days, coinciding with the appearance of spermatogonia in the testes, and just prior to the marked increase in fructose and citric acid formation in the seminal vesicles, it was 66 μ. At about 4½ months, when the androstenedione/testosterone ratio falls abruptly, the tubular diameter increased to more than 90 μ. By 7½ months, when the first spermatozoa appear in the tubules, it had risen to 177 μ. A significant correlation was established between the growth and secretory activity of the seminal vesicles and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules in bull testes. Correlation coefficients were established between the tubular diameter and the following: the weight of the seminal vesicles, r = 0.95, P < 0.001; the contents o f fructose and citric acid in the seminal vesicles, r = 0.81, P = 0.01 to 0.001; and the concentrations of fructose and citric acid in the seminal vesicles, r = 0.82 and r = 0.76, respectively, P = 0.01 to 0.001.

Effect of nutrition on the onset of male sex hormone activity and sperm formation in monozygous bull-calves

1957 ◽  
Vol 147 (928) ◽  
pp. 332-351 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Male Sex

The effect of a reduced food intake on the onset of androgenic activity and the appearance of spermatozoa was studied in maturing bull-calves. Three pairs of identical twin-calves were used. In each instance, one twin was reared on a ‘high plane’ of nutrition, consisting of normal feeding, and the other on a ‘low plane’ of reduced food intake. Semen was collected from the twin-calves by the electric stimulation method, and analyzed for sperm density, fructose and citric acid. The appearance of fructose and citric acid in semen was taken as an indicator of the onset of secretory function in the seminal vesicles, which depends on the presence of the male sex hormone. Fructose and citric acid appeared in electrically-discharged semen from the normally fed bull-calves several months before the first spermatozoa. This suggested that the male sex hormone began to act in the young animal several months before the appearance of the first spermatozoa. Restriction of food intake had a marked delaying influence on the onset of fructose and citric acid secretion, and a smaller delaying effect on the appearance of spermatozoa. The delaying effect of underfeeding on the secretory function of the bull seminal vesicles as reflected in the diminished output of fructose and citric acid, appeared to be the result of an inadequate stimulation of the gonads by the gonadotrophic hormone. Injections of gonadotrophin were found to elicit a prompt appearance of both fructose and citric acid in the semen. Alterations in the composition of semen caused by underfeeding were shown to run parallel to histological changes in the testes and male accessory organs. Low-plane feeding retarded the differentiation of the seminiferous tubules and of the interstitial tissue in the male gonads. The histological changes in the seminal vesicles induced by underfeeding corresponded closely to the diminished secretory output of fructose and citric acid in these glands.

Parabrachial gustatory neural activity during licking by rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishijo ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Paired T Test

1. A total of 51 single neurons was recorded from the pontine parabrachial nuclei of three rats being given sapid stimuli either via intraoral infusions or during spontaneous licking behavior. In 46 neurons, sapid stimuli elicited significant taste responses; of these, 28 responded best to NaCl, 15 to sucrose, 2 to citric acid, and 1 to quinine HCl. The remaining five neurons responded significantly only to water. The mean spontaneous rate of taste neurons during the intraoral infusion and licking sessions was 11.1 +/- 1.1 and 10.8 +/- 1.2 (SE) spikes/s, respectively. 2. Of the 39 neurons tested during both licking and intraoral infusions, four responded significantly only to water via either route. The remaining 35 neurons responded significantly to at least some sapid stimuli. The best-stimulus categories remained the same regardless of the route of fluid delivery (24 NaCl best, 10 sucrose best, 1 citric acid best). When the rats were licking the stimuli, nine taste neurons responded significantly to only one sapid chemical [6 Na specific (Ns) and 3 sucrose specific (Ss)] but were more broadly tuned during intraoral infusions. Conversely, three taste neurons that responded specifically during intraoral infusions (3 Na specific) were not as specific when the animal licked the same fluids. 3. Thirty-five taste neurons were tested via both stimulus routes. These data were compared in three ways. First, for each neuron, the responses elicited during licking and intraoral infusions were compared for each of the four standard sapid stimuli. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the 35 taste neurons ranged from 0.9997 to 0.6785, with a mean at 0.953 +/- 0.012 (SE). The second comparison was between stimulus routes across chemicals. With the use of raw responses, the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl ranged from 0.925 to 0.778 (t test, P less than 0.0001). With the activity elicited by water subtracted (corrected responses), the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl were 0.900, 0.795, 0.369, and 0.211, respectively. The coefficient for QHCl was not significant (t test, P greater than 0.05). Finally, the mean responses to NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid delivered by both routes were compared and found not to differ (paired t test, P greater than 0.05). 4. In separate hierarchical cluster analyses for the licking and infusion data, the largest cluster in each contained all of the Na-best neurons and the next largest, all of the sucrose-best cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

EVALUATION OF ANDROGENIC AND GONADOTROPHIC ACTIVITY IN MALE TWIN CALVES BY ANALYSIS OF SEMINAL VESICLES AND SEMEN

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MANN ◽  
L. E. A. ROWSON ◽  
MARY F. HAY
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Androgenic Activity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Androgenic Effect ◽  
Male Twin

SUMMARY A series of experiments is reported on the evaluation of the androgenic activity in the male by analysis of semen and accessory glands of reproduction. In pubescent male twin calves the onset of the secretory function of seminal vesicles, as reflected in the appearance of fructose and citric acid in ejaculates, was advanced by injections of chorionic gonadotrophin. However, in much younger bull calves, gonadotrophin was incapable of evoking a similar response. On the other hand, testosterone injected into immature animals readily induced high secretory activity in the seminal vesicles. When androstenedione was injected into castrated bull calves, its androgenic effect on the fructose and citric-acid formation in the seminal vesicles was negligible by comparison with the powerful stimulating influence of testosterone. This probably explains why in young bull calves fructose and citric acid are not secreted by the seminal vesicles until the testicular content of testosterone markedly exceeds that of androstenedione. Underfeeding of young maturing bull calves not only delays the onset of secretory activity in the seminal vesicles as a result of decreased androgenic activity of the testes but also diminishes the responsiveness of the seminal vesicles to testosterone.

scholarly journals Morphological study of the testis of adult Sudanese Chicken : gallus domesticus

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Bajuri Salwa Ismail Abd al-Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Morphological study of the testis of adult Sudanese Chicken : gallus domesticus The adult chicken testes were two bean - shaped , large and soft , the left testis is usually higher in position and larger in size than the right one . The testis is active during cold weather with the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules being 126^m in the chicken . it is less active during the hot season with the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules being 135^m in the chicken. The non - breeding season seemed to be characterized by a decline in the spermatogenic activity only and not by complete spermatogenesis

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONTENT OF ANDROGENIC STEROIDS IN THE TESTES AND THE SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN THE BULL

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. LINDNER ◽  
T. MANN
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Exponential Rate ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

SUMMARY Testosterone and androstenedione were determined chemically in testes of bulls ranging in age from 28 days to 17½ years. The earliest age at which it was possible to detect both steroids was 39 days. Their combined contents in the testes varied from 4·7 to 61 μg at 39–90 days, from 31 to 475 μg at 3½–5½ months, and from 155 to 3450 μg at 10½ months-17½ years of age. The ratio androstenedione/testosterone decreased with age. In immature bull calves, less than 4 months old, it exceeded 1:1, in animals above 9 months of age it was less than 1:10. The appearance of chemically demonstrable amounts of testosterone and androstenedione in the testes of young bull calves coincided with the onset of an active process of fructose and citric-acid production by the seminal vesicles. Between the 2nd and 6th month of life, the weight, fructose level and citric-acid level of the seminal vesicles increased at an exponential rate, and this sharp increase in the activity of the seminal vesicles was accompanied by a similarly sharp increase in the testosterone content of the testes. In adult bulls, differing widely in age and breed, the testicular content of testosterone was significantly correlated with the weight, fructose content and citric-acid content of the seminal vesicles.

THE ANDROGENIC POTENCY OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE BULL, AND THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE BOVINE SEMINAL VESICLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MANN ◽  
L. E. A. ROWSON ◽  
S. BARONOS ◽  
A. KARAGIANNIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Similar Dose

SUMMARY The androgenic effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on the bovine seminal vesicles have been evaluated by (i) introducing the steroid directly into one seminal vesicle in situ, while retaining the other vesicle as a control or for the introduction of another steroid, or (ii) injecting the steroid subcutaneously into a whole animal, and examining the seminal vesicles after autopsy. When introduced directly into a seminal vesicle dihydrotestosterone oenanthate stimulated growth and the formation of fructose and citric acid, but the magnitude of the effect was not greater than that of a similar dose of testosterone oenanthate. When twin calves were injected subcutaneously, one with dihydrotestosterone propionate, and the other with the same dose of testosterone propionate, only the latter responded with increased output of fructose, citric acid and α-mannosidase in electro-ejaculated semen. But the seminal vesicles grew to approximately the same size in both twins. Parenterally administered bovine growth hormone produced a sudden but transient burst of secretory activity in the seminal vesicles, resulting in the appearance of fructose and citric acid in electro-ejaculated semen.

THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT OF CADMIUM ION ON TESTICULAR TISSUE AND ITS PREVENTION BY ZINC

1957 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PAŘÍZEK
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARY The subcutaneous administration of cadmium salts (cadmium chloride or lactate) to male rats and mice leads to acute destruction of the testes, with destruction of the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial tissue. These changes in turn evoke castration phenomena, but the atrophied accessory sex organs retain the ability to react to testosterone propionate. Within 20 days after the injection of cadmium, proliferation of fibroblasts in the interstitial spaces under the albuginea begins and is accompanied by an extensive formation of new blood vessels. Later, new Leydig cells appear; this is followed by a gradual return of the endocrine function of the testes. The spermatogenic epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, on the other hand, does not regenerate even 133 days after the injection of cadmium. The simultaneous administration of a large dose of zinc salts protects the testes completely against cadmium damage. The mechanism of interaction between these physico-chemically related metals and the theoretical and practical significance of these observations will be studied further.

scholarly journals Study The Protective Effect of Quercetin on Testis Histological Changes and Spermatogenesis Indexes in Adult Mice Following Treatment with Dexamethasone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Soleimani Mehranjani ◽  
Seyyedeh Masomeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Round Spermatid ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Testis Tissue

Introdution: Dexamethasone is used in inflammatory disease, leukemia and nausea, which increases the oxygen free radicals in the testis as a consequence. The aim of this study was to study the protective effect of Quercetin as a plant flavonoid and strong antioxidant on testis histological changes and Spermatogenesis indexes in adult mice following treatment with Dexamethasone. Methods: 24 adult male mice (NMRI) were divided into 4 groups (n=6): control, Dexamethasone (7mg/kg/day), Quercetin (50mg/kg/day) and Dexamethasone + Quercetin. 7 days after intra peritoneal treatment, the right testis were removed, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained with Heidenhain’s Azan method, testis histological changes and spermatogenesis indexes were studied by stereological techniques. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the means were considered significantly different (P<0.05). Results: A significant decrease was considered in the mean volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium height, spermatogenesis indexes, the number of spermatocytes, long spermatids, round spermatid and Leydig cells, and also a significant increase in the volume of interstitial tissue were found in the Dexamethasone group compared to the control (P<0.001). The mentioned parameters in the Dexamethasone + Quercetin group were compensated to the control level (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that Quercetin as a strong antioxidant can reduce the destructive effects of dexamethasone on the histology of testis tissue and Spermatogenesis indexes in mice. Therefore, Quercetin is suggested as a therapeutic supplement in regimens containing Dexamethasone.

Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of spinel crystals in FeO-SiO2-TiO2-V2O3-Cr2O3 slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Lixiong Shao ◽  
Jiang Diao ◽  
Wang Zhou ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Bing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Chromium Spinel ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The growth behaviour of spinel crystals in vanadium slag with high Cr2O3 content was investigated and clarified by statistical analyses based on the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) theory. The results indicate that low cooling rate and Cr2O3 content benefit the growth of spinel crystals. The chromium spinel crystals firstly precipitated and then acted as the heterogeneous nuclei of vanadium and titanium spinel crystals. The growth mechanisms of the spinel crystals at the cooling rate of 5 K/min consist two regimes: firstly, nucleation control in the temperature range of 1873 to 1773 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are asymptotic; secondly, surface and supply control within the temperature range of 1773 to 1473 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are lognormal. The mean diameter of spinel crystals increases from 3.97 to 52.21 µm with the decrease of temperature from 1873 to 1473 K.

scholarly journals The quality of life in Chinese juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: psychometric properties of the pediatric quality of life inventor generic core scales and rheumatology module

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-hong Wu ◽  
Feng-qi Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jian-ming Lai ◽  
Gai-xiu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Generic Core Scale ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Pedsql 4.0 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may seriously affects patients’ quality of life (QoL), but it was rarely focused and studied in China, so we explore JIA children’s QoL using Chinese version of the PedsQL4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, and analyzed the psychometric properties of these two Scales among Chinese JIA children. Methods We recruited 180 JIA patients from Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics and Hebei Yanda Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. The questionnaires include information related on JIA, PedsQL4.0 generic core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scales. According to the disease type, onset age of and course of JIA, we divided them into different groups, then compared the QoL status among different groups. Moreover, we analyzed the reliability and validity of these two scales in these 180 JIA children. Results The mean score of PedsQL4.0 generic core scale on these 180 patients was 82.85 ± 14.82, for these in active period was 72.05 ± 15.29, in remission period was 89.77 ± 9.23; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 77.05 ± 19.11, 84.33 ± 12.46 and 87.12 ± 10.23. The mean score of PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale on 180 patients was 91.22 ± 9.45, for these in active period was 84.70 ± 11.37, in remission period was 95.43 ± 4.48; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 89.41 ± 11.54, 89.38 ± 10.08 and 93.71 ± 6.92. In the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core scale, the α coefficients of total scale and almost every dimension are all greater than 0.8 except for the school activity dimension of 0.589; the correlation coefficients of 22 items’ scores (total 23 items) with the scores of dimensions they belong to are greater than 0.5 (maximum value is 0.864), and the other one is 0.406. In PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, except for the treatment and worry dimensions of 0.652 and 0.635, the α coefficients of other dimensions and the total scale are all greater than 0.7; the correlation coefficients of all items’ score were greater than 0.5 (the maximum is 0.933, the minimum is 0.515). Conclusions The QoL of Chinese JIA children is worse than their healthy peers, these in active period and diagnosed as systemic type were undergoing worst quality of life. The reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale in Chinese JIA children are satisfactory, and can be used in clinical and scientific researches.

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