Evolution of a mimicry supergene from a multilocus architecture

The origin and evolution of supergenes have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. In the polymorphic butterfly Heliconius numata , a supergene controls the switch between multiple different forms, and results in near-perfect mimicry of model species. Here, we use a morphometric analysis to quantify the variation in wing pattern observed in two broods of H. numata with different alleles at the supergene locus, ‘ P ’. Further, we genotype the broods to associate the variation we capture with genetic differences. This allows us to begin mapping the quantitative trait loci that have minor effects on wing pattern. In addition to finding loci on novel chromosomes, our data, to our knowledge, suggest for the first time that ancestral colour-pattern loci, known to have major effects in closely related species, may contribute to the wing patterns displayed by H. numata , despite the large transfer of effects to the supergene.

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Six new species of Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 (Araneae: Agelenidae) from southern China, with the first description of the male of T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5091 (2) ◽

pp. 357-372

Author(s):

MENG ZHANG ◽

MUHAMMAD IRFAN ◽

LU-YU WANG ◽

ZHI-SHENG ZHANG

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Southern China ◽

New Combination ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

First Time

Six new species of the spider genus Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 are described from southern China: T. jinyunensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Chongqing, T. jiugongensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hubei, T. subtruculenta sp. nov. (♂♀), T. rutunda sp. nov. (♂♀) and T. yueliangensis sp. nov. (♂) from Guizhou and T. subrostrum sp. nov. (♂♀) from Hunan. In addition, T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000) is redescribed and its male is described here for the first time. Tonsilla subyanlingensis Liu & Xu, 2020 is transferred to Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999, hence the new combination Draconarius subyanlingensis (Liu & Xu, 2020) comb. nov. is established. The female of T. subyanlingensis Liu & Xu, 2020 should be treated as T. yanlingensis (Zhang, Yin & Kim, 2000). Detailed descriptions, photographs of copulatory organs and somatic features, a distribution map and comparisons with closely related species are presented.

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High Genetic Differentiation among European White Oak Species (Quercus spp.) at a Dehydrin Gene

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha43210128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 582-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iacob CRĂCIUNESC ◽

Barbara VORNAM ◽

Ludger LEINEMANN ◽

Reiner FINKELDEY ◽

Neculae ȘOFLETEA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Related Species ◽

Population Level ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

White Oak ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Significant Differentiation ◽

Dehydrin Gene ◽

First Time ◽

Two Populations

Dehydryn genes are involved in plant response to environmental stress and may be useful to examine functional diversity in relation to adaptive variation. Recently, a dehydrin gene (DHN3) was isolated in Quercus petraea and showed little differentiation between populations of the same species in an altitudinal transect. In the present study, inter- and intraspecific differentiation patterns in closely related and interfertile oaks were investigated for the first time at the DHN3 locus. A four-oak-species stand (Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L.) and two populations for each of five white oak species (Q. frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. robur L. and Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch) were analyzed. Three alleles shared by all five oak species were observed. However, only two alleles were present in each population, but with different frequencies according to the species. At population level, all interspecific pairs of populations showed significant differentiation, except for pure Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora populations. In contrast, no significant differentiation (p > 0.05) was found among conspecific populations. The DHN3 locus proved to be very useful to differentiate Q. frainetto and Q. pubescens from Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.914 and 0.660, respectively) and Q. robur (FST = 0.858 and 0.633, respectively). As expected, the lowest level of differentiation was detected between the most closely related species, Q. robur and Q. pedunculiflora (FST = 0.020). Our results suggest that DHN3 can be an important genetic marker for differentiating among European white oak species.

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The Ornithodoros capensis group (Acari: Argasidae): a morphological diagnosis and molecular characterization of O. capensis sensu stricto from Queimada Grande Island, Brazil

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.22.1.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ◽

Ricardo A. Dias ◽

Carlos R. Abrahão ◽

Marcelo B. Labruna

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Related Species ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Paulo State ◽

Morphological Diagnosis ◽

First Time

Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato (s. l.) is a worldwide-distributed group of soft ticks that parasitize birds in insular and continental lands. It is currently composed of 11 morphologically closely related species. Several viral and bacterial pathogens, and particularly Coxiella-like endosymbiont organisms have been described coexisting with ticks of this group. Since it last report in 1983, the presence of O. capensis s. l. in Brazil has remained undocumented. By a morphological analysis of larvae and a molecular characterization of ticks and Coxiella genes we describe for the first time O. capensis sensu stricto in Brazil from specimens collected on Queimada Grande Island, in São Paulo state.

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Larval development of the shrimp Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) reared in the laboratory, confirmation of the conspecific status of the two forms

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2579.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2579 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ALEXANDROS NTAKIS ◽

CHRYSSA ANASTASIADOU ◽

ROMAN LIASKO ◽

IOANNIS D. LEONARDOS

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Laboratory Confirmation ◽

Bibliographic Data ◽

Immature Form ◽

Complete Series ◽

First Time

The complete series of larval staging of Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B from Louros estuary was studied in the laboratory and described in detail for the first time. The reared larvae of H. sapphica passed through six zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. The larval monitoring completed when the individuals could be assigned clearly to form A and B via rostra formation. Under the experimental conditions, the average durations of the larval stages were as follows: three days for 1 st and 2 nd stages, three to four days for 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th and 6 th stages, four days for the megalopal stage and 19 to 30 days for immature form A and B individuals. Comparison of the larval morphological characters among the described material and the bibliographic data of closely related species was made and discussed. The offspring of females of the forma A includes forma A and B and the same can be said of the offspring of the forma B. This confirms that the formae A and B are indeed conspecific.

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Colaphellus palaestinus Achard, a new leaf-beetle for Europe (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4565.3.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4565 (3) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

DAVID MIFSUD ◽

MAURO DACCORDI

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Invasive Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Alien Invasive Species ◽

Local News ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

First Time

Colaphellus palaestinus Achard, an alien invasive species is here reported for the first time for Europe. It was found for the first time in Malta in November 2017, and the year after thousands of individuals were observed in Malta with many photographs posted in social media and local news. Global distribution of this species and information on closely related species is also provided here. Colaphellus zarudnyi Medvedev is probably a synonym of C. palaestinus.

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Reproductive isolation between two closely related species of the Queensland fruit fly Dracus tryoni (Frogg) and D. neohumeralis Hardy (Diptera : Tephritidae) I. Variation in humeral callus pattern and the occurrence of intermediate colour forms in the wild

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9670501 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 501 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H Wolda

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Related Species ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Similar Variation ◽

In The Wild

A number of samples from wild populations of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni and D. neohumeralis, were studied. There is a considerable variation in the colour pattern on the humeral callus. This variation is continuous so that any criterion for distinguishing between "intermediates" and "good species" is purely arbitrary. It was found in areas where D. neohumeralis does not occur as well as in localities where it is very abundant. By whatever criterion one defines intermediates, there appears to be no relation between the frequency of such forms and the presence or absence of D. neohumeralis or with the relative proportions of the two species in the population. However, flies with only a very small yellow area on an otherwise brown humeral callus were found only in Cairns where D. neohumeralis is usually the most abundant species. A similar variation in humeral callus pattern was found in other related species, such as D. kraussi and D. halfordiae. It is concluded that the intermediate colour forms may not be hybrids between D. tryoni and D. neohumeralis but variants of D. tryoni and, possibly the darker forms from Cairns, of D. neohumeralis.

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A NEW ANTHAXIA FROM THE AEOLIAN ISLANDS (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE)

Fragmenta Entomologica ◽

10.4081/fe.2010.218 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 499

Author(s):

Pietro Lo Cascio ◽

Ignazio Sparacio

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Body Shape ◽

Species Group ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Aeolian Islands ◽

Endemic Taxon

Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) flaviae n. sp. from the Aeolian Islands (Italy, Sicily) belonging to the A. (H.) olympica Kiesenwetter, 1880 species-group is described, illustrated and compared with A. (H.) scutellaris (Gené, 1839), the most closely related species. From this latter, the new species differs mainly for size and body shape, colour pattern of elytrae, shape of antennomera, margin of anterior tibiae and shape of aedeagus. Some zoogeographical considerations concerning the insular distribution of this endemic taxon are briefly discussed.

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First record of brachyuran crab Heteropanope glabra Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pilumnidae) from India

Marine Biodiversity Records ◽

10.1017/s1755267215000883 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jigneshkumar N. Trivedi ◽

Gunjan M. Soni ◽

Kauresh D. Vachhrajani

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

First Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Western Coast ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Brachyuran Crab ◽

The Past ◽

De Man ◽

First Time

Heteropanope glabraStimpson, 1858 belonging to family Pilumnidae is reported for the first time from the mangrove mudflats of India. The identification of the species is difficult because the species shares similar morphological characters with other closely related species likeBenthopanope indica(De Man, 1887). Studies in the past have reported the presence ofH. glabrafrom coastal areas of Burma to Japan. The present study reports the presence ofH. glabraon the western coast of India, which lies outside the old distribution range of the species.

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New species of the genus Epiphragma Osten Sacken from Yunnan, Southwest China (Diptera, Limoniidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2121.1.5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2121 (1) ◽

pp. 44-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MENG MAO ◽

DING YANG

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Southwest China ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

First Time

The subgenus Epiphragma (Epiphragma) Osten Sacken, 1860 is recorded from Yunnan (Southwest China) for the first time. The following five species with two dark rings on the femora are described as new to science: E. mediale sp. nov., E. yunnanense sp. nov., E. ancistrum sp. nov., E. breve sp. nov. and E. elongatum sp. nov. Their relationships with closely related species are discussed. A key to the species of the subgenus Epiphragma from China is presented for the first time.

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Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2694.1.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2694 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TAHIRY RASOLONJATOVO HIOBIARILANTO ◽

ROGER-DANIEL RANDRIANIAINA ◽

JULIAN GLOS ◽

AXEL STRAUß ◽

MIGUEL VENCES

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Related Species ◽

Lower Number ◽

Sister Species ◽

Morphological Similarity ◽

Additional Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Species Groups ◽

First Time

We provide morphological descriptions of the tadpoles of ten species of Malagasy treefrogs of the genus Boophis (family Mantellidae). Based on individuals determined by DNA barcoding, the larvae of eight species are described for the first time: B. anjanaharibeensis, B. axelmeyeri, B. elenae, B. englaenderi, B. luciae, B. rhodoscelis, B. roseipalmatus, and B. vittatus. For two additional species, B. andreonei and B. microtympanum, we provide descriptions from other localities than the previously known larvae. All tadpoles described herein are stream-adapted, exotrophic, and of a relatively generalized morphology. In general, we found a morphological similarity of larvae belonging to phenetic species groups of Boophis, but more detailed analyses showed several differences between taxa that are known to be sister species or closely related to each other: B. luciae has a much higher number of oral papillae than B. sibilans, B. roseipalmatus has a slightly lower number of papillae and possibly a stronger caudal musculature than B. madagascariensis, and B. elenae has a distinctly lower number of oral papillae and keratodonts in the first upper keratodont row than B. sandrae. This indicates that tadpole characters might, in some cases, provide good taxonomic characters in Boophis, a genus in which adults of closely related species are often morphologically extremely similar.

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