scholarly journals The insectivorous bat Pipistrellus nathusii uses a mixed-fuel strategy to power autumn migration

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1743) ◽  
pp. 3772-3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Karin Sörgel ◽  
Jurģis Šuba ◽  
Oskars Keišs ◽  
Gunārs Pētersons
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Oxidized Fatty Acids

In contrast to birds, bats are possibly limited in their capacity to use body fat as an energy source for long migrations. Here, we studied the fuel choice of migratory Pipistrellus nathusii (approximate weight: 8 g) by analysing the stable carbon isotope ratio ( δ 13 C V-PDB ) of breath and potential energy sources. Breath δ 13 C V-PDB was intermediate between δ 13 C V-PDB of insect prey and adipocyte triacylglycerols, suggesting a mixed-fuel use of P. nathusii during autumn migration. To clarify the origin of oxidized fatty acids, we performed feeding experiments with captive P. nathusii . After an insect diet, bat breath was enriched in 13 C relative to the bulk and fat portion of insects, but not deviating from the non-fat portion of insects, suggesting that bats oxidized exogenous proteins and carbohydrates, but not exogenous fatty acids. A feeding experiment with 13 C-labelled substrates confirmed these findings. In conclusion, migratory P. nathusii oxidized dietary proteins directly from insects captured en route in combination with endogenous fatty acids from adipocytes, and replenished their body reserves by routing dietary fatty acids to their body reserves.

scholarly journals Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of c9,t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Cow’s Milk as Related to Dietary Fatty Acids

Lipids ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Katharina Richter ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Fenja Klevenhusen ◽  
Carla R. Soliva ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope Composition

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio and Composition of Microbial Fatty Acids in Tropical Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Burke ◽  
Marirosa Molina ◽  
Julia E. Cox ◽  
Laurie J. Osher ◽  
Marisa C. Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio

scholarly journals The critical importance of experimentation in biomarker-based trophic ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20190638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. E. Galloway ◽  
Suzanne M. Budge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Soil Food Webs ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Fatty acids are commonly used as biomarkers for making inferences about trophic relationships in aquatic and soil food webs. However, researchers are often unaware of the physiological constraints within organisms on the trophic transfer and modification of dietary biomarkers in consumers. Fatty acids are bioactive molecules, which have diverse structures and functions that both complicate and enhance their value as trophic tracers. For instance, consumers may synthesize confounding non-dietary sourced markers from precursor molecules, and environmental conditions also affect fatty acid composition. There is a vital need for more research on the uptake and transfer of trophic biomarkers in individual organisms in order to advance the field and make meaningful use of these tools at the scale of populations or ecosystems. This special issue is focused on controlled feeding experiments on a diverse taxonomic breadth of model consumers from freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems with a goal of creating a more integrated understanding of the connection between consumer physiology and trophic ecology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

scholarly journals Juvenile Dungeness crabs ( Metacarcinus magister ) selectively integrate and modify the fatty acids of their experimental diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20200038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Thomas ◽  
Julie B. Schram ◽  
Zade F. Clark-Henry ◽  
Bree K. Yednock ◽  
Alan L. Shanks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Dungeness Crabs ◽  
Juvenile Crab

Dungeness crabs ( Metacarcinus magister ) are ecologically and economically important in the coastal Northeast Pacific, yet relatively little is currently known about their feeding behaviour in the wild or their natural diet. Trophic biomarkers, such as fatty acids (FA), can be used to reveal trophic interactions. We used two feeding experiments to assess differences in FA composition of juvenile crabs fed different known foods to evaluate how they modify and integrate dietary FA into their own tissues and determine whether crab FA reflect diet changes over a six-week period. These experimental results were then compared with the FA signatures of wild caught juvenile crab with undetermined diets. We found that juvenile Dungeness crabs fed different foods assimilated dietary FA into their tissues and were distinct in their FA signatures when analysed with multivariate statistics. Experimentally fed juvenile crabs contained greater proportions of the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA, >C20) than their foods. Crabs fed foods lacking in LCPUFA, particularly DHA (22:6 ω 3, docosahexaenoic acid), did not survive or grew slower than crabs fed other foods. This suggests that LCPUFA are physiologically important for this species and indicates biosynthesis of these FA does not occur or is not sufficient to meet their needs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’.

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio and Composition of Microbial Fatty Acids in Tropical Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Burke ◽  
Marirosa Molina ◽  
Julia E. Cox ◽  
Laurie J. Osher ◽  
Marisa C. Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio

scholarly journals Dietary fat concentrations influence fatty acid assimilation patterns in Atlantic pollock ( Pollachius virens )

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20190649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Budge ◽  
Kathryn Townsend ◽  
Santosh P. Lall ◽  
Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Calibration Coefficients

A key aspect in the use of fatty acids (FA) to estimate predator diets using quantitative FA signature analysis (QFASA) is the ability to account for FA assimilation through the use of calibration coefficients (CC). Here, we tested the assumption that CC are independent of dietary fat concentrations by feeding Atlantic pollock ( Pollachius virens ) three formulated diets with very similar FA proportions but different fat concentrations (5–9% of diet) for 20 weeks. CC calculated using FA profiles of diet and triacylglycerols in pollock liver were significantly different for the three diets. To test the robustness of diet estimates to these differences, we used the CC set derived from feeding the diet with the lowest fat concentration, published prey FA profiles and realistic diet estimates of pollock to construct ‘pseudo-predators'. Application of QFASA to each pseudo-predator using the three sets of CC and the same prey FA profiles resulted in diet estimate biases of twofold for major prey items and approximately fivefold for minor prey items. This work illustrates the importance of incorporating diets with fat concentrations that are similar to natural prey when conducting feeding experiments to calculate CC. This article is part of the theme ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

Postprandial Activation of Coagulant Factor VII by Long-chain Dietary Fatty Acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A B Sanders ◽  
G J Miller ◽  
Tamara de Grassi ◽  
Najat Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

SummaryFactor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several reports have suggested that dietary fat intake or hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with elevated levels of FVII. This study demonstrates that an intake of long-chain fatty acids sufficient to induce postprandial lipaemia in healthy subjects leads to a substantial elevation in both FVIIc and the concentration of FVII circulating in the activated form. Such an increase in FVIIc could not be induced by medium-chain triglycerides. These results suggest that the consumption of a sufficient amount of long-chain triglycerides to induce postprandial lipaemia induces the activation of FVII.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

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