scholarly journals Researches on the tides. Seventh series. On the diurnal inequality of the height of the tide, especially at Plymouth and at Sincapore : and on the mean level of the sea

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 465-466
Keyword(s):  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Naval Officers ◽  
Similar Kind

The diurnal inequality which the author investigates in the present paper, is that by which the height of the morning tide differs from that of the evening of the same day; a difference which is often very considerable, and of great importance in practical navigation, naval officers having frequently found that the preservation or destruction of a ship depended on a correct knowledge of the amount of this variation. In the first section of the paper he treats of the diurnal inequality in the height of the tides at Plymouth, at which port good tide observations are regularly made at the Dock Yard ; and these observations clearly indicate the existence of this inequality. As all the other inequalities of the tides have been found to follow the laws of the equilibrium theory, the author has endeavoured to trace the laws of the diurnal inequality by assuming a similar kind of correspondence with the same theory; and the results have confirmed, in the most striking manner, the correctness of that assumption. By taking the moon’s declination four days anterior to the day of observation, the results of computation accorded, with great accuracy, with the observed heights of the tides: that is, the period employed was the fifth lunar transit preceding each tide. In the second section, the observations made on the tides at Sincapore from August 1834 to August 1835, are discussed. A diurnal inequality was found to exist at that place, nearly agreeing in law and in amount with that at Plymouth ; the only difference being that, instead of four days, it was found necessary to take the lunar declination a day and a half preceding the tide ; or, more exactly, at the interpolated,or north lunar transit, which intervened between the second and third south transit preceding the tide. The diurnal inequality at Sincapore is of enormous magnitude, amounting in many cases to six feet of difference between the morning and evening tides; the whole rise of the mean tide being only seven feet at spring tides, and the difference between mean spring and neap tides not exceeding two feet.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

Reply to Discussion by J. R. Hearst and R. C. Carlson

Geophysics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1464-1464
Author(s):  
J. R. Hearst ◽  
R. C. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Outer Radius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gradient Term ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Our equations (3) and (4) are correct. They represent the difference between the attraction of the shell viewed from [Formula: see text], the outer radius of the shell, and [Formula: see text], its inner radius. (The attraction of the shell viewed from [Formula: see text] is zero.) On the other hand, equations (5) and (6) of Fahlquist and Carlson represent the difference in attraction of the entire earth from the same viewpoints and thus, as they say, include a free‐air gradient term. However, their equation (5) would be correct only if the mean density of the earth were equal to that of the shell, and the free‐air gradient obtained by their equation (10) is correct only under these circumstances.

scholarly journals Cochran’s Q-Test on Soil Helminth Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
I. J. David ◽  
M. U. Adehi ◽  
P. O. Ikwuoche
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Technique

Summary A study was made of the prevalence of nine geohelminth egg types in 184 soil samples from 16 recreational parks in Abuja metropolis, Nigeria. Cochran’s Q-test was applied to determine whether the difference in the proportions of the egg types found in the soil samples was significant. At a 5% significance level, it was found that the prevalence of the egg types was significantly different in the 184 soil samples from 16 parks. To identify which of the geohelminth eggs had a significantly larger mean proportional prevalence, a minimum required difference mean comparison technique was applied. The mean comparison test showed that Taenia and Coccocidia eggs were highly prevalent, with significantly larger mean proportions than the other analyzed geohelminth eggs in the 184 examined soil samples.

scholarly journals A model for determining baseline morphometrics of skeletal myofibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mars ◽  
Michael A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Result ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The minimum diameter method of morphometry (MDM) is used to measure and detect changes in myofibre diameters (FD). The MDM is used to identify pathology in skeletal muscle. In such studies, an assumption is made that the mean FD in a particular muscle in both limbs is essentially the same. This study explored this premise to determine the accuracy of MDM as a means of morphometric analysis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the left (G1) and right (G2) tibialis anterior of four vervet monkeys and from the massaged left (G3) and untreated right (G4) tibialis anterior of four animals. Wax sections were prepared for MDM and FD was measured. Three specimens were re-measured on four occasions. The mean FD of each biopsy from G1 and G2 limbs were compared and the number of measurements necessary to produce a meaningful result determined. Repeated measurement showed a difference of < 3.0% in FD means between the first and three subsequent measurements. There was no significant difference of FD means between G1 and G2, whilst the difference between G3 and G4 was 11.2%. When > 175 FD were measured, the difference from the final mean was less than 2.0%. These data show that, (1) FD data derived from a muscle in an untreated limb can be used as a control for experiment mediated changes of FD in the other, (2) MDM is a reliable means of measuring FD and (3) 150–175 FD are needed to provide a dependable result.

Comparison of the effectiveness of captopril and olmesartan in hypertensive patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Hypertensive conditions are situations that require immediate intervention in emergency services. Captopril is one of the most commonly used drugs in patients presenting to emergency departments with high blood pressure. In this study; we aimed to find an answer to the question of whether orally administered olmesartan could be an alternative to captopril in urgent hypertensive situations. Material and Method: In this study, blood pressure measurements were made after a 5-minute rest period in patients who presented to the emergency department of our hospital with the diagnosis of hypertension. Patients with a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg and above and no signs of end-organ damage were followed up. Forty patients were given sublingual captopril 25 mg, and the other 40 patients were given 40 mg of olmesartan, and they were allowed to swallow the drug with some water. Afterward, the patients were followed for 3 hours (with blood pressure and pulse measurements), and their blood pressure was measured and recorded at five-minute intervals. Results: The mean age of the patients receiving captopril was 60.70±11.43 years, and the mean age of the patients receiving olmesartan was 57.02±13.86 years. Of the patients receiving captopril, 19 (57.5%) were male, 21 (52.5%) were female, 17 (42.5%) of the patients receiving olmesartan were male and 23 (57.5%) were female. In this study, patients treated with captopril and olmesartan were monitored for 3 hours and the differences between them in pulse and blood pressure measurements were evaluated. When the systolic blood pressures were compared, the difference at the tenth minute was significant, but the difference between the other minutes was not significant. Differences in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significant. Conclusion: Oral administration of olmesartan in emergency hypertensive patients may be an alternative to captopril due to its effectiveness in reducing mortality and morbidity.

Independent eye movements in the turtle

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ariel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Retinal Slip ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Velocity

AbstractIn order to evaluate the normal eye movements of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, the positions of each eye were recorded simultaneously using two search-coil contact lenses. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was strikingly unyoked in this animal such that one eye's slow-phase velocity was substantially independent of that of the other eye. On the other hand, the fast-phase motions of both eyes occurred more or less in synchrony.An eye's slow-phase gain is primarily dependent on the direction and velocity of the stimulus to that eye. Using monocular stimuli, the highest mean gain (0.54 ± 0.047; mean ± standard error of mean) occurred using temporal-to-nasal movement at 2.5 deg/s. The mean OKN gain for nasal-to-temporal movement was only 0.13 ± 0.015 at that velocity. Additionally, using the optimal monocular stimulus (temporal-to-nasal stimulation at 2.5 deg/s) only drove the occluded eye to move nasal-to-temporally at 0.085 deg/s, equivalent to a “gain” of only 0.034 ± 0.011.The binocular OKN gain during rotational stimuli was higher than monocular gain, especially during nasal-to-temporal movement at high velocities. Also the difference in slow-phase eye velocity between the two eyes was smaller during binocular rotational stimuli. In contrast, when each eye simultaneously viewed its temporal-to-nasal stimulus at an equal velocity, two behaviors were observed. Often, OKN alternated between an animal's left eye and right eye. Occasionally, both eyes moved at equal but opposite velocities.These behavioral data provide a quantitative baseline to interpret the properties of the retinal slip information in the turtle's accessory optic system. Those properties are similar to the behavior of the turtle in that both are tuned to direction and velocity independently for each eye (Rosenberg & Ariel, 1990).

The incidence of Anoplocephaline cestodes in a population of rabbits in Surrey, England

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mead-Briggs ◽  
J. A. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Seasonal Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Host Infection

Samples of approximately five wild rabbits were obtained each week over the 4-year period 1967–70, and their intestines examined for adult tapeworms. Pour species of anoplocephalinae were found, Cittotaenia pectinata, C. denticulata, C. ctenoides and Andrya cuniculi. C. pectinata was found in 29% of the 968 rabbits examined, C. denticulata in 14%, C. ctenoides in 12% and A. cuniculi in 6%. There were 63 double infections, of which 44 involved A. cuniculi, and three triple infections. The most frequent number of worms per infection was one for C. pectinata and A. cuniculi and two for C. denticulata and C. clenoides, although the mean numbers for these species were respectively 7·2, 5·3, 2·7 and 1·8. A. cuniculi, and to a lesser extent C. ctenoides, were very restricted in distribution within the study area, occurring only on the higher, chalk downland (250–550 ft A.S.L.). This finding implies that individual rabbits usually spend their lives within relatively small areas. Considering all the material a seasonal trend in host infection rate was apparent only with C. denticulata, which increased in abundance from July to a peak in September and then declined gradually to a low level, lasting from April to June. Infections, including small specimens of any of the four species, were rare from February to June and it is presumed that infected intermediate hosts were correspondingly rare during this period. Except for C. denticulata, which was found more frequently in male rabbits than females, the sex of the host had no influence on its likelihood of infection. However, except for C. pectinata, the age of the host was important. Thus, C. denticulata and A. cuniculi were significantly more frequent in juveniles than adults whilst the reverse was true for C. ctenoides. Small (‘young’) specimens of C. denticulata and A. cuniculi were more frequent in juvenile than adult rabbits, but the difference was not significant for the other two species. It is concluded that only C. ctenoides survives for more than a year and that this species and C. pectinata are more likely to infect rabbits that are adult than are the other two species.

scholarly journals A Note on the Role of Mean Flows in Doppler-Shifted Frequencies

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Gerkema ◽  
Leo R. M. Maas ◽  
Hans van Haren
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Doppler Shifts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to resolve a confusion that may arise from two quite distinct definitions of “Doppler shifts”: both are used in the oceanographic literature but they are sometimes conflated. One refers to the difference in frequencies measured by two observers, one at a fixed position and one moving with the mean flow—here referred to as “quasi-Doppler shifts.” The other definition is the one used in physics, where the frequency measured by an observer is compared to that of the source. In the latter sense, Doppler shifts occur only if the source and observer move with respect to each other; a steady mean flow alone cannot create a Doppler shift. This paper rehashes the classical theory to straighten out some misconceptions. It is also discussed how wave dispersion affects the classical relations and their application.

scholarly journals On the flow of viscous fluids through smooth circular pipes

1914 ◽  
Vol 91 (623) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stream Line ◽  
Circular Section ◽  
Circular Pipes ◽  
Line Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

1.The problem of the flow of a viscous fluid through a tube of circular section is of considerable interest both to physicists and to engineers. Since Stokes showed the connection between the viscosity of the fluid and the empirical formula given by Poiseuille for the rate of slow or stream-line flow of the fluid through a capillary tube, the tube method has been one of the most useful and accurate for the determination of viscosity. On the other hand, the extensive use of pipes for the transmission of gas, compressed air, water and oil, at speeds much above those which obtain in a Poiseuille experiment, rendered it necessary to investigate the laws of "turbulent" flow of viscous fluids through tubes, and there are at the present time several formulae in use by engineers giving the mean rate of flow of such a fluid through a pipe and the difference of pressure between its ends.

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