scholarly journals Cochran’s Q-Test on Soil Helminth Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
I. J. David ◽  
M. U. Adehi ◽  
P. O. Ikwuoche
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Technique

Summary A study was made of the prevalence of nine geohelminth egg types in 184 soil samples from 16 recreational parks in Abuja metropolis, Nigeria. Cochran’s Q-test was applied to determine whether the difference in the proportions of the egg types found in the soil samples was significant. At a 5% significance level, it was found that the prevalence of the egg types was significantly different in the 184 soil samples from 16 parks. To identify which of the geohelminth eggs had a significantly larger mean proportional prevalence, a minimum required difference mean comparison technique was applied. The mean comparison test showed that Taenia and Coccocidia eggs were highly prevalent, with significantly larger mean proportions than the other analyzed geohelminth eggs in the 184 examined soil samples.

scholarly journals Micrometeorological conditions of the soloteca of Embrapa Solos -Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Evaldo de Paiva Lima ◽  
Rosandro Boligon Minuzzi ◽  
Yuri de Almeida Lyra Corrêa ◽  
Camila Sanches De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Micrometeorological Conditions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Soloteca is the term used in Brazil to refer to the place where reference soil samples are stored. The Soloteca of Embrapa Solos-RJ, for example, stores soil samples from different regions of Brazil, and these samples need to be stored in conditions that preserve their intrinsic characteristics. In this context, the objective of this work was to determine the air temperature and relative humidity conditions in the Soloteca of Embrapa Solos-RJ. The data were collected by three Thermo hygrometers, installed inside and outside the place where the samples are stored, in the period from December 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017, corresponding to summer 2016/17. The difference between the mean and variance of the data for each environment/height was evaluated at the 5% level, respectively, by the  t-Student and Snedecor's F tests. The other statistical analyses were presented by boxplots. It was observed that the air temperature, on average, did not differ between the indoor and outdoor environments at a height of 1.6 meters, but there was a difference with the sensor installed near the surface (0.5 meters). On the other hand, the dispersion of the data attested by the variance and the coefficient of variation in the external environment was greater than those recorded internally.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals Researches on the tides. Seventh series. On the diurnal inequality of the height of the tide, especially at Plymouth and at Sincapore : and on the mean level of the sea

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 465-466
Keyword(s):  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Naval Officers ◽  
Similar Kind

The diurnal inequality which the author investigates in the present paper, is that by which the height of the morning tide differs from that of the evening of the same day; a difference which is often very considerable, and of great importance in practical navigation, naval officers having frequently found that the preservation or destruction of a ship depended on a correct knowledge of the amount of this variation. In the first section of the paper he treats of the diurnal inequality in the height of the tides at Plymouth, at which port good tide observations are regularly made at the Dock Yard ; and these observations clearly indicate the existence of this inequality. As all the other inequalities of the tides have been found to follow the laws of the equilibrium theory, the author has endeavoured to trace the laws of the diurnal inequality by assuming a similar kind of correspondence with the same theory; and the results have confirmed, in the most striking manner, the correctness of that assumption. By taking the moon’s declination four days anterior to the day of observation, the results of computation accorded, with great accuracy, with the observed heights of the tides: that is, the period employed was the fifth lunar transit preceding each tide. In the second section, the observations made on the tides at Sincapore from August 1834 to August 1835, are discussed. A diurnal inequality was found to exist at that place, nearly agreeing in law and in amount with that at Plymouth ; the only difference being that, instead of four days, it was found necessary to take the lunar declination a day and a half preceding the tide ; or, more exactly, at the interpolated,or north lunar transit, which intervened between the second and third south transit preceding the tide. The diurnal inequality at Sincapore is of enormous magnitude, amounting in many cases to six feet of difference between the morning and evening tides; the whole rise of the mean tide being only seven feet at spring tides, and the difference between mean spring and neap tides not exceeding two feet.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

Reply to Discussion by J. R. Hearst and R. C. Carlson

Geophysics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1464-1464
Author(s):  
J. R. Hearst ◽  
R. C. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Outer Radius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gradient Term ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Our equations (3) and (4) are correct. They represent the difference between the attraction of the shell viewed from [Formula: see text], the outer radius of the shell, and [Formula: see text], its inner radius. (The attraction of the shell viewed from [Formula: see text] is zero.) On the other hand, equations (5) and (6) of Fahlquist and Carlson represent the difference in attraction of the entire earth from the same viewpoints and thus, as they say, include a free‐air gradient term. However, their equation (5) would be correct only if the mean density of the earth were equal to that of the shell, and the free‐air gradient obtained by their equation (10) is correct only under these circumstances.

scholarly journals Avaliação da Diminuição da Força de Ativação de Elásticos Correntes de Diferentes Cores: Estudo in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Larissa Gomes ◽  
Renata Almeida-Pedrin ◽  
Victor Ladewig ◽  
Victor Didier ◽  
Joel Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Elastomeric Chains ◽  
Calculated Analysis

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em comparar a degradação de força de cinco cores diferentes de elásticos corrente, a fim de buscar parâmetros clínicos para o uso desses elásticos nas terapias ortodônticas. Foram avaliados 10 segmentos com 6 elos de elásticos corrente de força média da marca Morelli, das cores preto, cinza, azul, rosa e transparente, provenientes de embalagens seladas e dentro do prazo de validade. Os elásticos foram distendidos até o dobro de seu comprimento e mantidos por dispositivos simples com duas pontas de metal, simulando o uso contínuo dos elásticos por parte dos pacientes. Esses dispositivos foram submersos em saliva artificial a 370C dentro de recipientes mantidos em estufa.  As forças dos segmentos de elásticos foram mensuradas com um dinamômetro ortodôntico de precisão ao início e nos intervalos de 1, 7,14, 21 e 30 dias após a imersão, e a média de força para cada grupo e tempo foi calculada. A Análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios (tempo e grupos) e o teste de Tukey foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Todas as cores de elásticos degradaram com o tempo, sendo a porcentagem média de degradação após 1 dia de 40,4%; 7 dias 48,2%; 14 dias 56,8%; 21 dias 65% e 81% após 30 dias. Entretanto, há diferença de degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos. Os elásticos Transparente e Azul apresentaram menor degradação da força, sendo que após 30 dias o elástico Transparente se mostrou mais efetivo, seguido do Azul, Cinza, Preto e Rosa. Mesmo com a diferença na degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos, esses dados não apresentam relevância clínica se utilizados por até 14 dias, após esse período seria melhor a utilização do elástico Transparente.   Palavras-chave: Ortodontia. Látex. Elasticidade   Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the force degradation of five different colors of elastomeric chains, in order to achieve clinical parameters for the use of these elastics in orthodontic therapies. The sample was composed by 10 segments with 6 links (medium force) for each color of elastomeric chain (Morelli); black, gray, blue, pink and transparent, from sealed packages and within the expiration date. The elastics were stretched twice their length and maintained by simple devices with two metal tips, simulating the continuous use of the elastics by the patients. These devices were submerged in artificial saliva at 370C to simulate the oral environment. The  elastic segments strengths were measured with a precision orthodontic dynamometer at the beginning and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after immersion, and the mean strength for each group and time was calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two criteria (time and groups) and the Tukey test were used for data analysis. In all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All the  elastics colors degraded over time, with the average  degradation percentage after 1 day being 40.4%; 7 days 48.2%; 14 days 56.8%; 21 days 65% and 81% after 30 days. However, there is a difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors. The Transparent and Blue elastics showed less force degradation, and after 30 days the Transparent elastic was more effective, followed by Blue, Gray, Black and Pink. Even with the difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors, these data are not clinically relevant they are used for up to 14 days, after that period it would be better to use the Transparent elastic.   Keywords: Orthodontics. Latex. Elasticity

scholarly journals Implementasi Implementasi Metode Bahtsul Masail Berbasis Pendidikan Pesantren untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Menganalisis Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Sri Jumini ◽  
Jauharotul Insiyyah ◽  
Ahmad Khoiri
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gain Score ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The aims of this study to (1) determine the student ability of critical think and analyze, using the bahtsul masail method, (2) to find out the difference between the bahtsul masail method and the conventional method in physics learning. The method in this study using a true experimental quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population used was all class XI students of SMA NU Al-Ma'ruf Kudus  and samples were students of class XI MIPA 2 and MIPA 4 taken by random sampling techniques. The data collection used the pretest and posttest to determine the effect of the bahtsul masail method. The results shows (1) The student thinking ability using the Bahtsul Masail method get higher results. (2) Based on the results of data analysis using paired t-test, it is obtained tcount of -7.4828 and ttable of 1.67 with a significance level of 5% and degrees of freedom of 58 so that if t <ttable, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted; This means that there is a difference between the mean pretest and posttest scores, there is also a positive and significant relationship between the bahtsul masail model with students' critical thinking and analyzing abilities. The N-gain value is obtained by an average N-gain score of 0.5902 in the medium category. And for the N-gain score obtained an average of 59,023 which is categorized as quite effective. Thus the application of the bahtsul masail method is effective enough to be applied in a lesson.

scholarly journals A model for determining baseline morphometrics of skeletal myofibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mars ◽  
Michael A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Result ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The minimum diameter method of morphometry (MDM) is used to measure and detect changes in myofibre diameters (FD). The MDM is used to identify pathology in skeletal muscle. In such studies, an assumption is made that the mean FD in a particular muscle in both limbs is essentially the same. This study explored this premise to determine the accuracy of MDM as a means of morphometric analysis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the left (G1) and right (G2) tibialis anterior of four vervet monkeys and from the massaged left (G3) and untreated right (G4) tibialis anterior of four animals. Wax sections were prepared for MDM and FD was measured. Three specimens were re-measured on four occasions. The mean FD of each biopsy from G1 and G2 limbs were compared and the number of measurements necessary to produce a meaningful result determined. Repeated measurement showed a difference of < 3.0% in FD means between the first and three subsequent measurements. There was no significant difference of FD means between G1 and G2, whilst the difference between G3 and G4 was 11.2%. When > 175 FD were measured, the difference from the final mean was less than 2.0%. These data show that, (1) FD data derived from a muscle in an untreated limb can be used as a control for experiment mediated changes of FD in the other, (2) MDM is a reliable means of measuring FD and (3) 150–175 FD are needed to provide a dependable result.

Comparison of the effectiveness of captopril and olmesartan in hypertensive patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Hypertensive conditions are situations that require immediate intervention in emergency services. Captopril is one of the most commonly used drugs in patients presenting to emergency departments with high blood pressure. In this study; we aimed to find an answer to the question of whether orally administered olmesartan could be an alternative to captopril in urgent hypertensive situations. Material and Method: In this study, blood pressure measurements were made after a 5-minute rest period in patients who presented to the emergency department of our hospital with the diagnosis of hypertension. Patients with a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg and above and no signs of end-organ damage were followed up. Forty patients were given sublingual captopril 25 mg, and the other 40 patients were given 40 mg of olmesartan, and they were allowed to swallow the drug with some water. Afterward, the patients were followed for 3 hours (with blood pressure and pulse measurements), and their blood pressure was measured and recorded at five-minute intervals. Results: The mean age of the patients receiving captopril was 60.70±11.43 years, and the mean age of the patients receiving olmesartan was 57.02±13.86 years. Of the patients receiving captopril, 19 (57.5%) were male, 21 (52.5%) were female, 17 (42.5%) of the patients receiving olmesartan were male and 23 (57.5%) were female. In this study, patients treated with captopril and olmesartan were monitored for 3 hours and the differences between them in pulse and blood pressure measurements were evaluated. When the systolic blood pressures were compared, the difference at the tenth minute was significant, but the difference between the other minutes was not significant. Differences in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significant. Conclusion: Oral administration of olmesartan in emergency hypertensive patients may be an alternative to captopril due to its effectiveness in reducing mortality and morbidity.

Independent eye movements in the turtle

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ariel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Retinal Slip ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Velocity

AbstractIn order to evaluate the normal eye movements of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, the positions of each eye were recorded simultaneously using two search-coil contact lenses. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was strikingly unyoked in this animal such that one eye's slow-phase velocity was substantially independent of that of the other eye. On the other hand, the fast-phase motions of both eyes occurred more or less in synchrony.An eye's slow-phase gain is primarily dependent on the direction and velocity of the stimulus to that eye. Using monocular stimuli, the highest mean gain (0.54 ± 0.047; mean ± standard error of mean) occurred using temporal-to-nasal movement at 2.5 deg/s. The mean OKN gain for nasal-to-temporal movement was only 0.13 ± 0.015 at that velocity. Additionally, using the optimal monocular stimulus (temporal-to-nasal stimulation at 2.5 deg/s) only drove the occluded eye to move nasal-to-temporally at 0.085 deg/s, equivalent to a “gain” of only 0.034 ± 0.011.The binocular OKN gain during rotational stimuli was higher than monocular gain, especially during nasal-to-temporal movement at high velocities. Also the difference in slow-phase eye velocity between the two eyes was smaller during binocular rotational stimuli. In contrast, when each eye simultaneously viewed its temporal-to-nasal stimulus at an equal velocity, two behaviors were observed. Often, OKN alternated between an animal's left eye and right eye. Occasionally, both eyes moved at equal but opposite velocities.These behavioral data provide a quantitative baseline to interpret the properties of the retinal slip information in the turtle's accessory optic system. Those properties are similar to the behavior of the turtle in that both are tuned to direction and velocity independently for each eye (Rosenberg & Ariel, 1990).

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