Pathways to man for radionuclides released from disposal sites on land

1986 ◽  
Vol 319 (1545) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
Far Future

To predict the potential radiological impact on man of the disposal of radioactive wastes it is necessary to identify all the events and processes that could cause releases of radionuclides into the environment, to estimate their probabilities of occurrence and to calculate their consequences, for both individuals and populations. This paper briefly reviews the types of releases that have to be considered for land disposal sites and describes the mathematical models used to calculate rates of transport of radionuclides through the environment and doses to man. The difficulties involved in predicting environmental conditions in the far future are discussed, in the light of the ways in which the results of consequence calculations will be used. Assessments of land disposal of long-lived and highly radioactive wastes are briefly reviewed, with the aim of identifying the most important radionuclides and exposure pathways, and the areas where the models and their databases require improvement.

Aspects of Land Disposal of Wastewater as Experienced in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Boll ◽  
Heribert Dernbach ◽  
Rolf Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The largest wastewater land treatment facility in operation in the Federal Republic of Germany is located in Braunschweig (Lower Saxony) and serves a population of about 290,000. The treatment process consists of three main components: a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3,000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 180 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Parameter Correlation in Models of Hyperthermic Cell Death

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Parameter Correlation ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Definition Of

A number of mathematical models have been developed to predict the survival of cells after heating. Some of these models have been based on first principle arguments, while others have been empirically motivated. Some models have been inspired by analogs of damage to cells by ionizing radiation. Evidence exists for multiple targets leading to cell death, although precise definition of the pathways for the various temperature ranges and environmental conditions remains in question. For reviews of the cellular targets of heating, see [1], [2], or [3].

scholarly journals Radiological Impact Assessment of Class 3 Landfill of TENORM Waste from Tin Industry in Bangka Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Zeni Anggraini ◽  
◽  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Nazhira Shadrina ◽  
Dadong Iskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
Tin Slag

This study assessed the potential radiological impact of a class 3 landfill as a disposal facility of the final tin slag from the tin industry in Bangka Island. Tin slag that contains TENORM (Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) with activity concentrations above exemption level limits should be stored safely and securely. The radiological impact analysis of storing TENORM waste was carried out before and after the construction of a landfill facility. RESRAD OFFSITE version 3.2 software was used to simulate dose and cancer risk, and analyze the contribution of exposure pathways. Radionuclide concentration, landfill facility specifications, hydrogeological data, climatological data, and food and water consumption data were used as input parameters of RESRAD. The receptor was a resident farmer who lives 100 meters from the facility, grows his own food, and consumes water from his land. The total dose before and after the construction of the landfill were 3.13 mSv/year and 1.84×10-2 mSv/year while cancer risks were 5.69×10-3 and 6.50×10-5, respectively. The exposure pathways from inhalation of radon become a major contributor to dose acceptance and cancer risk. Based on these results, the landfill facility is effective in reducing the potential impact of radiological hazards from dose acceptance and cancer risk.

Assessment of the Liquid Deicing Reagent Distribution Zone Deformation at Different Parameters of the Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
K.P. Mandrovskiy ◽  
Ya.S. Sadovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Operational Methods ◽  
Zone Deformation

The article considers distribution of liquid deicing reagents over aerodrome pavement. The deformation of the treatment zone contributing to the formation of unevenness of distribution under different environmental parameters (air temperature, wind speed and direction) is estimated. The research is based on the developed mathematical models of the reagent droplet movements over the distribution disk and in the air. The dependence of overlapping the two zones and the width of the untreated zone on the wind speed and direction is derived. The process of reagent distribution at different ambient temperatures and varying height of disks above the pavement is simulated. Estimation of quality indicators of anti-icing treatment for the temperature range from 0 to --15 °C is given on the basis of the obtained results. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of operational methods to ensure the quality of distribution of liquid chemicals under changing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Networks and webs in ecosystems and financial systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1987) ◽  
pp. 20120376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. May
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Real World ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper briefly outlines our growing understanding of the relationships between the network structure of ecological networks—both in mathematical models and in the real world—and their consequent dynamical properties. These are interesting, inter alia, because they affect the system’s ability to withstand disturbance, whether natural or human-created. The paper also sketches recent interest in the potential relevance of this work to ‘systemic risk’ and regulatory measures in banking systems, emphasizing the similarities and differences. I conclude with some cautions against drawing excessively general conclusions from any such models.

CVF ski-jump ramp profile optimisation for F-35B

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1140) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fry ◽  
R. Cook ◽  
N. Revill
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Theoretical Profile ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Aircraft Configurations ◽  
Optimum Profile

Abstract This paper presents a summary of the principles and processes used to design a ski-jump ramp profile for the UK’s Future Aircraft Carrier (CVF) optimised for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). The paper includes an overview of the CVF and JSF programs, a history and summary of the ski-jump ramp and the principles of its use in the shipborne Short Take-Off (STO) manoeuvre. The paper discusses the importance of defining optimisation boundaries including specified objectives, aircraft configurations and environmental conditions. It then demonstrates the process of balancing the design drivers of air vehicle performance and landing gear loads to achieve an optimum profile. Comparisons are made between the proposed candidate CVF ramp profile and the current in service ski-jump design as designed for the Harrier family of aircraft. The paper briefly covers some of the important issues and factors that have been experienced when a theoretical profile is translated into a physical ramp fitted to a ship, principally the effects on aircraft operations due to build and in-service variation from the nominal profile.

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