scholarly journals Multimodal nanoparticle imaging agents: design and applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2107) ◽  
pp. 20170261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Burke ◽  
Christopher Cawthorne ◽  
Stephen J. Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Agents ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Nanoparticle Imaging ◽  
Exciting Time

Molecular imaging, where the location of molecules or nanoscale constructs can be tracked in the body to report on disease or biochemical processes, is rapidly expanding to include combined modality or multimodal imaging. No single imaging technique can offer the optimum combination of properties (e.g. resolution, sensitivity, cost, availability). The rapid technological advances in hardware to scan patients, and software to process and fuse images, are pushing the boundaries of novel medical imaging approaches, and hand-in-hand with this is the requirement for advanced and specific multimodal imaging agents. These agents can be detected using a selection from radioisotope, magnetic resonance and optical imaging, among others. Nanoparticles offer great scope in this area as they lend themselves, via facile modification procedures, to act as multifunctional constructs. They have relevance as therapeutics and drug delivery agents that can be tracked by molecular imaging techniques with the particular development of applications in optically guided surgery and as radiosensitizers. There has been a huge amount of research work to produce nanoconstructs for imaging, and the parameters for successful clinical translation and validation of therapeutic applications are now becoming much better understood. It is an exciting time of progress for these agents as their potential is closer to being realized with translation into the clinic. The coming 5–10 years will be critical, as we will see if the predicted improvement in clinical outcomes becomes a reality. Some of the latest advances in combination modality agents are selected and the progression pathway to clinical trials analysed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.

A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. James ◽  
Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Agents ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Molecular Imaging Agents ◽  
Clinical Questions

Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.

scholarly journals Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abass Alavi ◽  
Thomas J. Werner ◽  
Ewa Ł. Stępień ◽  
Pawel Moskal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Pet Instrumentation ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.

Nanoparticles-mediated Brain Imaging and Disease Prognosis by Conventional as well as Modern Modal Imaging Techniques: a Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 2637-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Tang Pan ◽  
Wei-Hsi Chang ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Satya P. Singh ◽  
Aman Chandra Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Reporter Gene Imaging ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Disease Prognosis

Background: Multimodal imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of brain disorders. Neurological disorders need to be diagnosed at an early stage for their effective treatment as later, it is very difficult to treat them. If possible, diagnosing at an early stage can be much helpful in curing the disease with less harm to the body. There is a need for advanced and multimodal imaging techniques for the same. This paper provides an overview of conventional as well as modern imaging techniques for brain diseases, specifically for tumor imaging. In this paper, different imaging modalities are discussed for tumor detection in the brain along with their advantages and disadvantages. Conjugation of two and more than two modalities provides more accurate information rather than a single modality. They can monitor and differentiate the cellular processes of normal and diseased condition with more clarity. The advent of molecular imaging, including reporter gene imaging, has opened the door of more advanced noninvasive detection of brain tumors. Due to specific optical properties, semiconducting polymer-based nanoparticles also play a pivotal role in imaging tumors. Objective: The objective of this paper is to review nanoparticles-mediated brain imaging and disease prognosis by conventional as well as modern modal imaging techniques. Conclusion: We reviewed in detail various medical imaging techniques. This paper covers recent developments in detail and elaborates a possible research aspect for the readers in the field.

scholarly journals Target-responsive vasoactive probes for ultrasensitive molecular imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ohlendorf ◽  
Agata Wiśniowska ◽  
Mitul Desai ◽  
Ali Barandov ◽  
Adrian L. Slusarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Imaging Agents ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Molecular Imaging Agents ◽  
Imaging Probes

ABSTRACTThe ability to monitor molecules volumetrically throughout the body could provide valuable biomarkers for studies of healthy function and disease, but noninvasive detection of molecular targets in living subjects often suffers from poor sensitivity or selectivity. Here we describe a family of potent imaging probes that can be activated by molecules of interest in deep tissue, providing a basis for mapping nanomolar-scale analytes without the radiation or heavy metal content associated with traditional molecular imaging agents. The probes are reversibly-caged vasodilators that induce responses detectable by hemodynamic imaging; they are constructed by combining vasoactive peptides with synthetic chemical appendages and protein blocking domains. We use this architecture to create ultrasensitive biotin-responsive imaging agents, which we apply for wide-field mapping of targets in rat brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also adapt the sensor design for detecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, illustrating versatility of this approach for addressing biologically important molecules.

scholarly journals Current diagnostic trends in radiology

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorka Lucic ◽  
Dusan Hadnadjev ◽  
Mira Govorcin ◽  
Sanja Stojanovic ◽  
Viktor Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging Techniques ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad R?entgen at the end of the 19th century, diagnostic imaging techniques have been continously improved by technological advances, bringing radiological diagnosis into the very center of modern medicine. Nowadays, it is hard to imagine therapy planning without previous radiological examination. Great advances in the field of computer technology have been accompanied by development of radiological techniques, and today they include not only morphological and anatomical, but also dynamic, functional and molecular imaging. This paper is an overview of new and improved radiological techniques and their implementation.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

ROS-responsive nanomedicine: Towards targeting the breast tumor microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
RamaRao Malla ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Massive Accumulation

: The breast tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes drug resistance through an elaborated interaction of TME components mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite a massive accumulation of data concerning the targeting the ROS, but little is known about the ROS-responsive nanomedicine for targeting breast TME. This review submits the ROS landscape in breast TME, including ROS biology, ROS mediated carcinogenesis, reprogramming of stromal and immune cells of TME. We also discussed ROS-based precision strategies for imaging TME, including molecular imaging techniques with advanced probes, multiplexed methods, and multi-omic profiling strategies. ROS-responsive nanomedicine also describes various therapies, such as chemo-dynamic, photodynamic, photothermal, sono-dynamic, immune, and gene therapy for BC. We expound ROS-responsive primary delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, phytochemicals, and immunotherapeutics. This review also presents recent updates on nano-theranostics for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of BCs. We assume that review on this advancing field will be beneficial to the development of ROS-based nanotheranostics for BC.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Molecular Imaging Agents Targeting Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Joseph Lau ◽  
Julie Rousseau ◽  
Daniel Kwon ◽  
François Bénard ◽  
Kuo-Shyan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Imaging Agents ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Molecular Imaging Agents ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
B2 Receptors ◽  
Tissue Trauma

Kinins, bradykinin and kallidin are vasoactive peptides that signal through the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R is constitutively expressed in healthy tissues and mediates responses such as vasodilation, fluid balance and retention, smooth muscle contraction, and algesia, while B1R is absent in normal tissues and is induced by tissue trauma or inflammation. B2R is activated by kinins, while B1R is activated by kinins that lack the C-terminal arginine residue. Perturbations of the kinin system have been implicated in inflammation, chronic pain, vasculopathy, neuropathy, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In general, excess activation and signaling of the kinin system lead to a pro-inflammatory state. Depending on the disease context, agonism or antagonism of the bradykinin receptors have been considered as therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize molecular imaging agents targeting these G protein-coupled receptors, including optical and radioactive probes that have been used to interrogate B1R/B2R expression at the cellular and anatomical levels, respectively. Several of these preclinical agents, described herein, have the potential to guide therapeutic interventions for these receptors.

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