scholarly journals XXVII. The Bakerian Lecture.-On radiant matter spectroscopy: The detection and wide distribution of Yttrium

1883 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 891-918 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Induction Coil ◽  
Great Intensity ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Appearance Changes

In March, 1881, I sent to the Royal Society a preliminary notice of some results I had obtained when working on the molecular discharge in high vacua. When the spark from a good induction coil traverses a tube having a flat aluminium pole at each end, the appearance changes according to the degree of exhaustion. Supposing atmospheric air to be the gas under exhaustion, at a pressure of about 7 millims. a narrow black space is seen to separate the luminous glow and the aluminium pole connected with the negative pole of the induction coil. As the exhaustion proceeds this dark space increases in thickness, until, at a pressure of about 0.02 millim. (between 20 and 30M.), the dark space has swollen out till it nearly fills the tube. The luminous cloud showing the presence of residual gas has almost disappeared, and the molecular discharge from the negative pole begins to excite phosphorescence on the glass where it strikes the side. There is great difference in the degree of exhaustion at which various substances begin to phosphoresce. Some refuse to glow until the exhaustion is so great that the vacuum is nearly non-conducting, whilst others begin to become luminous when the gauge is 5 or 10 millims. below the barometric level. The majority of bodies, however, do not phosphoresce till they are well within the negative dark space. This phosphorogenic phenomenon is at its maximum at about 1M., and, unless otherwise stated, the experiments now about to be described were all tried at this high degree of exhaustion. Under the influence of this discharge, which I have ventured to call radiant matter, a large number of substances emit phosphorescent light, some faintly and others with great intensity. On examining the emitted light in the spectroscope most bodies give a faint continuous spectrum, with a more or less decided concentration in one part of the spectrum, the superficial colour of the phosphorescing substance being governed by this preponderating emission in one or other part of the spectrum.

V. The Bakerian Lecture.—On the illumination of lines of molecular pressure, and the trajectory of molecules

1879 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 135-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Induction Coil ◽  
Platinum Wire ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
Dark Space

486. When the spark from a good induction coil traverses a glass tube containing a rarefied gas, certain phenomena are observed which vary greatly with the kind of gas and the degree of exhaustion. There is one appearance, however, which is constant in all the gases which I have examined, and within very wide limits of pressure, viz.: the well-known dark space round the negative pole. I have long been impressed with the idea that this dark space coating the pole was in some way related to the layer of molecular pressure causing movement in the radiometer, and the following experiments were instituted with the object of testing this hypothesis. A glass bulb (fig. 1) was furnished w ith platinum wire terminals sealed into the glass, ending outside in loops and. inside in aluminium poles; the positive pole being a wire and the negative pole a disk about 10 millims. diameter, bare in front and covered with mica at the back. The bulb being full of dry air and connected with the Sprengel pump, was exhausted. An induction coil capable of giving sparks 68 millims. long in air when actuated by 3 Grove’s cells, was connected with the terminals, the disk being always negative except when otherwise stated.

scholarly journals V. Contributions to molecular physics in high vacua

1879 ◽  
Vol 28 (190-195) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Molecular Physics ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Very High

This paper is a continuation of one “On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure, and the Trajectory of Molecules,” which was read before the Royal Society on the 5th of December last. The author has further examined the action of the molecular rays electrically pro­jected from the negative pole in very highly exhausted tubes, and finds that the green phosphorescence of the glass (by means of which the presence of the molecular rays is manifested) does not take place close to the negative pole. Within the dark space there is absolutely no phosphorescence; at very high exhaustions the luminous boundary of the dark space disappears, and now the phosphorescence extends all over the sensitive surface.

I. On the illumination of lines of molecular pressure, and the trajectory of molecules

1879 ◽  
Vol 28 (190-195) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Oblate Spheroid ◽  
Induction Coil ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Rarefied Gases ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Different Gases

Induction Spark through Rarefied Gases. Dark Space round the Negative Pole . The author has examined the dark space which appears round the negative pole of an ordinary vacuum tube when the spark from an induction coil is passed through it. He describes many experiments with different kinds of poles, a varying intensity of spark, and different gases, and arrives at the following propositions. Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure . a . Setting up an intense molecular vibration in a disk of metal by electrical means excites a molecular disturbance which affects the surface of the disk and the surrounding gas. With a dense gas the disturbance extends a short distance only from the metal; but as rarefaction continues the layer of molecular disturbance increases in thickness. In air at a pressure of .078 millim. this molecular disturbance extends for at least 8 millims. from the surface of the disk, forming an oblate spheroid around it.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 QUARANTINE MEASURES ON THE LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE SHCHUCHINSK-BOROVSKAYA RESORT AREA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikanov Balgabay ◽  
Auteleeva Laura
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Standard Index ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

In this study, changes in air quality were quantified before and during the introduction of COVID-19 quarantine measures in the Shchuchinsk-Borovskaya resort area. During 2020, there were only 49 resolutions "On strengthening restrictive quarantine measures in the territory of the Akmola region"on the territory of the resort zone. The maximum permissible concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmospheric air has been exceeded. We have revealed that in the entire territory of the resort area for 2018-2019. atmospheric air pollution, according to the standard index, was elevated and high (3.38 to 6.4), according to the highest frequency (16.6 to 100%), there was a very high degree of pollution, and in 2020, the indicators of the standard index and the highest frequency were within the norm.

scholarly journals VIII.—Note as to the Dynamical Equivalent of Temperature in Liquid Water, and the Specific Heat of Atmospheric Air and Steam, being a Supplement to a Paper On the Mechanical Action of Heat

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
William John Macquorn Rankine
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat

(33*.) In my paper on the Mechanical Action of Heat, published in the 1st Part of the 20th Volume of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, some of the numerical results depend upon the dynamical equivalent of a degree of temperature in liquid water. The value of that quantity which I then used, was calculated from the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard on the apparent specific heat of atmospheric air under constant pressure, as compared with liquid water.The experiments of Mr Joule on the production of heat by friction, give, for the specific heat of liquid water, an equivalent about one-ninth part greater than that which is determined from those of De la Roche and Bérard. I was formerly disposed to ascribe this discrepancy in a great measure to the smallness of the differences of temperature measured by Mr Joule, and to unknown causes of loss of power in his apparatus, such as the production of sound and of electricity; but, subsequently to the publication of my paper, I have seen the detailed account of Mr Joule's last experiments in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850, which has convinced me, that the uncertainty arising from the smallness of the elevations of temperature, is removed by the multitude of experiments (being forty on water, fifty on mercury, and twenty on cast iron); that the agreement amongst the results from substances so different, shews that the error by unknown losses of power is insensible, or nearly so; and that the necessary conclusion is, that the dynamical value assigned by Mr Joule to the specific heat of liquid water, viz.:—772 feet per degree of Fahrenheit, does not err by more than two or at the utmost, three feet; and therefore, that the discrepancy originates chiefly in the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard.

scholarly journals IV. On the height of the aurora borealis

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Induction Coil ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
Do So

Our experiments on the electric discharge, which have been already published in the “Phil. Trans.” and the “Proceedings of the Royal Society,” enable us to state with some degree of probability the height of the Aurora Borealis, when its display is of maximum brilliancy, and also the height at which this phenomenon could not occur on account of the great tenuity of the atmosphere. In Part III of our electric researches, “Phil. Trans.,” p. 159, vol. 171, we have shown that the least resistance to the discharge in hydrogen is at a pressure of 0·642 millim., 845 M; after this degree of exhaustion has been reached, a further reduction of pressure rapidly increases the resistance. When the exhaustion has reached 0·002 millim., 3 M, the discharge only just passes with a potential of 11,000 chloride of silver cells (11,330 volts) ; at the highest exhaust we have been able to obtain (and which we believe has not been surpassed), namely, 0·000055 millim., 0·066 M, not only did 11,000 cells fail to produce a discharge, but even a 1-inch spark from an induction coil could not do so.

scholarly journals XV. On the influence of atmospheric pressure upon some of the phenomena of combustion

1862 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Atmospheric Air

The author has concluded his experiments upon this subject ; and, in addition to the details of the results which have already been briefly mentioned in the ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society’, com­municates the following :— Although the rate of burning of candles and other similar combustibles, whose flames depend upon the volatilization and ignition of combustible matter in contact with atmospheric air, is not per­ceptibly affected by the pressure of the supporting medium, yet this is not true of all combustibles.

scholarly journals The Bakerian Lecture— On radiant matter spectroscopy. A new method of spectrum analysis

1883 ◽  
Vol 35 (224-226) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Great Intensity ◽  
Negative Pole

For several years I have been examining the phenomena presented by various substances when struck by the molecular discharge from the negative pole in a highly exhausted tube. I have ventured to call this discharge “ radiant matter,” and under its influence a large number of substances emit phosphorescent light, some faintly and others with great intensity. On examining the emitted light in the spectroscope most bodies give a faint continuous spectrum, with a more or less decided concentration in one part of the spectrum, the superficial colour of the phosphorescing substance being governed by this preponderating emission in -one or other part of the spectrum. Sometimes, but more rarely, the spectrum of the phosphorescent light is discontinuous, and it is to bodies manifesting this phenomenon that my attention has been specially directed.

scholarly journals XI. Experimental researches on the movement of atmospheric air in tubes

1856 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 466-475
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Open Atmosphere ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the year 1847, the author of this paper made numerous experiments for the purpose of ascertaining what are the conditions under which atmospheric air is placed with regard to motion or rest, when within a vertical tube having one extremity communicating within the interior of a building, and the other in the open atmosphere. The paper now submitted to the Royal Society contains the results of investigations undertaken in the year 1853 and continued to the present time, to ascertain whether the ordinary state of atmospheric air contained in a vertical cylindrical tube, open at both ends, and placed in the still atmosphere of a closed room, is one of rest or of motion; and if of motion, to investigate the influences of certain changes in the condition of the atmosphere which either produce, promote, retard, or arrest the movement.

Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
E.V. Kiryushin ◽  
O.V. Pilyaeva ◽  
I.I. Shepelev ◽  
E.N. Eskova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Purification Unit ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Purification

The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.

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