Extensively drug‐resistant Raoultella planticola carrying multiple resistance genes including blaNDM‐1

ABSTRACTThe emergence and transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) pose an increasing threat to global TB control. This study aimed to identify the patterns of evolution and transmission dynamics of XDR-TB in populations in a region of China where TB is highly endemic. We analyzed a total of 95 XDR-TB isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 in Chongqing, China. Eight drug resistance genes covering 7 drugs that define XDR-TB were amplified by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Variable-number tandem repeat 16-locus (VNTR-16) genotyping and genotypic drug resistance profiles were used to determine the evolution or transmission patterns of XDR-TB strains. Our results indicated that the Beijing genotype was predominant (85/95 [89.5%]) in XDR-TB strains, and as many as 40.0% (38/95) of the isolates were distributed into 6 clusters based on VNTR-16 genotyping and drug resistance mutation profiles. All isolates of each cluster harbored as many as six identical resistance mutations in the drug resistance genesrpoB,katG,inhApromoter,embB,rpsL, andgidB. Among the nine cases with continuous isolates from multidrug-resistant (MDR) to XDR-TB, 4 cases represented acquired drug resistance, 4 cases were caused by transmission, and 1 case was due to exogenous superinfection. The XDR-TB epidemic in China is mainly caused by a high degree of clonal transmission, but evolution from MDR to XDR and even superinfection with a new XDR strain can also occur.

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WGS based study of the population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6260-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Pernille Gymoese ◽

Kristoffer Kiil ◽

Mia Torpdahl ◽

Mark T. Østerlund ◽

Gitte Sørensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Food Sources ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Infectious Clones ◽

Genetic Clusters ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes

Abstract Background Salmonella Infantis (S. Infantis) is one of the most frequent Salmonella serovars isolated from human cases of salmonellosis and the most detected serovar from animal and food sources in Europe. The serovar is commonly associated with poultry and there is increasing concern over multidrug resistant clones spreading worldwide, as the dominating clones are characterized by presence of large plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes. Increasing the knowledge of the S. Infantis population and evolution is important for understanding and preventing further spread. In this study, we analysed a collection of strains representing different decades, sources and geographic locations. We analysed the population structure and the accessory genome, in particular we identified prophages with a view to understand the role of prophages in relation to the evolution of this serovar. Results We sequenced a global collection of 100 S. Infantis strains. A core-genome SNP analysis separated five strains in e-Burst Group (eBG) 297 with a long branch. The remaining strains, all in eBG31, were divided into three lineages that were estimated to have separated approximately 150 years ago. One lineage contained the vast majority of strains. In five of six clusters, no obvious correlation with source or geographical locations was seen. However, one cluster contained mostly strains from human and avian sources, indicating a clone with preference for these sources. The majority of strains within this cluster harboured a pESI-like plasmid with multiple resistance genes. Another lineage contained three genetic clusters with more rarely isolated strains of mainly animal origin, possibly less sampled or less infectious clones. Conserved prophages were identified in all strains, likely representing bacteriophages which integrated into the chromosome of a common ancestor to S. Infantis. We also saw that some prophages were specific to clusters and were probably introduced when the clusters were formed. Conclusions This study analysed a global S. Infantis population and described its genetic structure. We hypothesize that the population has evolved in three separate lineages, with one more successfully emerging lineage. We furthermore detected conserved prophages present in the entire population and cluster specific prophages, which probably shaped the population structure.

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Expression of Multiple Resistance Genes Enhances Tolerance to Environmental Stressors in Transgenic Poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Guariento’)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0024614 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. e24614 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Xiaohua Su ◽

Yanguang Chu ◽

Huan Li ◽

Yingjie Hou ◽

Bingyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Transgenic Poplar ◽

Populus Euramericana ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes

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ISCR2 is associated with the dissemination of multiple resistance genes among Vibrio spp. and Pseudoalteromonas spp. isolated from farmed fish

Archives of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00203-017-1365-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 199 (6) ◽

pp. 891-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yixiang Xu ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Gang Zhang ◽

Jingjing Tian ◽

Ying Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes ◽

Vibrio Spp

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Marker-assisted introgression of multiple resistance genes confers broad spectrum resistance against bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases in Putra-1 rice variety

10.1101/750216 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel C. Chukwu ◽

Mohd Y. Rafii ◽

Shairul I. Ramlee ◽

Siti I. Ismail ◽

Yusuff Oladosu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Gene Action ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Single Gene ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Background Selection ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes

AbstractThis experiment was conducted with the aim of introgressing multiple resistance genes against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Two dominant (Xa4 and Xa21) and two recessive (xa5 and xa13) BLB resistance genes were introgressed into a Malaysian elite rice variety Putra-1 with genetic background of three blast resistance (Piz, Pi2 and Pi9) genes and high yielding. Eight polymorphic tightly linked functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection of target genes. 79 polymorphic SSR markers were used in background selection. The plants were challenged at initial stage of breeding and challenged again at BC2F2 with the most virulent Malaysian pathotypes of Xoo (P7.7) and Magnaporthe oryzae (P7.2) to test their resistance. Results obtained from foreground marker analysis showed that the BC1F1 and BC2F1 both fitted into the Mendel’s single gene segregation ratio of 1:1 for both Xoo and blast resistance. At BC2F2, result obtained indicated that foreground marker segregation fitted into the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1 for blast resistance only. Marker-assisted background selection revealed high percentage of recurrent parent genome recovery (95.9%). It was concluded that resistance to Xoo pathotype P7.7 in IRBB60 was neither due to two independent gene action nor epistasis but substantially due to single nuclear gene action. Also, the inheritance of blast resistance in the pyramided lines to pathotype P7.2 was also attributed to single gene action. The incorporation of four bacterial leaf blight and three blast resistance genes (Xa4+xa5+xa13+Xa21+Pi9+Pi2+Piz) in the newly developed lines provides for broad spectrum and durable resistance against the two major diseases studied.

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Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST369 Infection in Emergency Intensive Care Unit in Shandong Province, China

10.21203/rs.2.22414/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meijie Jiang ◽

Lin Li ◽

Shuang Liu ◽

Zhijun Zhang ◽

Ning Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Control Measures ◽

Pulse Field ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant

Abstract Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial infectious pathogen worldwide. The aim of this study is to characterize the molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the clinical infection, providing the epidemiology data for prevention and control. Four patients hospitalized in EICU on January 31st, 2014, and then Acinetobacter baumannii infection was observed. Antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR sequencing. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze these strains’ clonal relatedness. Results: Sixteen strains were recovered, of which 4 strains were isolated from 4 patients, and others were from environment in EICU, such as air, phone and ventilator. All strains belonged to clonal pulsotype A and ST369. Sixteen antibiotics were used to perform the susceptibility testing, and all strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, they were only susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin B, but resistant to others, including carbapenems and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Furthermore, all strains carried blaOXA-23-like carbapenemases gene with ISAba1 insertion sequence in the upstream, aminoglycoside resistance genes ant(3″)-I, 16S rRNA methylase gene armA and disinfectant resistant gene qacE△1, which were mainly responsible for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Fortunately, enhanced control measures were immediately implemented after this infection, and new strains were no longer detected for consecutive three months. Conclusions: molecular epidemiology of blaOXA-23-like carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii ST369 in EICU of a hospital was characterized. Routine monitoring should be strengthen to prevent outbreaks of this disease.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Associated with Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport Isolates from Food Animals

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00842-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 353-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Aaron M. Lynne ◽

Bobbie S. Rhodes-Clark ◽

Kimberly Bliven ◽

Shaohua Zhao ◽

Steven L. Foley

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Dna Sequencing Analysis ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serotype Newport is an important cause of salmonellosis, with strains increasingly being resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. The increase is associated with the acquisition of multiple resistance genes. This study characterizes the genetic basis of resistance of serotype Newport isolates collected from veterinary sources by PCR and DNA sequencing analysis.

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