scholarly journals Identification of Vibrio campbellii isolated from diseased farm-shrimps from south India and establishment of its pathogenic potential in an Artemia model

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Haldar ◽  
Shruti Chatterjee ◽  
Norihiko Sugimoto ◽  
Surajit Das ◽  
Nityananda Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Vibrio Campbellii ◽  
Uridylate Kinase ◽  
Experimental Challenge

Shrimp diseases are frequently reported to be caused by closely related vibrios, and in many cases they are tentatively but inaccurately identified as Vibrio harveyi and related vibrios. In the present study, 28 biochemically identified V. harveyi-related strains isolated from diseased shrimps were randomly selected for further characterization by molecular tools. Twenty-six strains were identified as Vibrio campbellii and two as V. harveyi by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and uridylate kinase genes. Haemolysin-gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR also confirmed these results. Experimental challenge studies using Artemia as a model showed that eight isolates were highly pathogenic, three were moderately pathogenic and the remaining 17 were non-pathogenic. Ribotyping with BglI clearly distinguished V. campbellii from V. harveyi, but it failed to separate pathogenic and non-pathogenic clusters. Artemia nauplii challenged with a fluorescently labelled highly pathogenic strain (IPEY54) showed patches in the digestive tract. However, no patches were observed for a non-pathogenic strain (IPEY41). Direct bacterial counts also supported colonization potential for the highly pathogenic strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and accurate identification of large numbers of V. campbellii associated with shrimp disease in aquacultural farms. V. campbellii has long been considered to be non-pathogenic and classified with V. harveyi-related bacteria. However, we show that this species may be an emerging aquaculture pathogen. This study will help to formulate suitable strategies to combat this newly identified pathogen.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID INFECTION OF THE GALL BLADDER IN THE RABBIT

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Vaccine Treatment ◽  
Successive Passage ◽  
Close Observation

1. Besredka's living sensitized vaccine, given intravenously, does not produce a typhoid lesion of the gall bladder in the rabbit. 2. The first transplant of this vaccine is capable of producing this lesion. Hence this vaccine is not entirely safe to handle. 3. Regular infections of the gall bladder have not been produced by carrying a known pathogenic strain on rabbit blood agar, by successive passage through animals, or by the use of freshly isolated strains. 4. No evidence could be demonstrated in the rabbit of the immunity produced in man by vaccination with a whole killed vaccine. 5. Vaccine treatment did not cure the gall bladder lesion. 6. With the present methods of producing infections in the chimpanzee and the rabbit, neither of these animals is suitable for deciding the problems of the immunization of man by vaccines. These problems must be settled, as some of them already have been settled, by actual experience with large numbers of men kept under close observation.

ISSR-Derived Species-Specific SCAR Marker for Rapid and Accurate Authentication of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Vereena Rodrigues ◽  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Kuppusamy Baskaran ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum has been widely used in traditional medicine and has high medicinal value. High volume trade of this potential medicinal plant species led to unscrupulous adulteration of both crude drugs as well as formulations. Morphology-based authentication is difficult in cases of incomplete or damaged samples and in dried herbal materials. In such cases, PCR-based molecular methods may aid in accurate identification. The present study aimed at developing species-specific DNA marker(s) for the authentication of O. tenuiflorum. A species-specific amplicon (279 bp) generated through an inter-simple sequence repeat marker (UBC 835) in all individuals of O. tenuiflorum was cloned, sequenced, and a primer pair was developed (designated as CIM-OT-835F/CIM-OT-835R). The newly developed sequence characterized amplified region marker was validated through PCR amplification in all available seven species of Ocimum, and its specificity for O. tenuiflorum was confirmed with the consistent generation of an amplicon of 177 bp. The developed marker can be used for accurate and rapid identification of the species for certification purposes and will be useful in quality control of medicinal preparations containing this important medicinal species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli strains of environmental origin

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Carvalho ◽  
Fabrine Finkler ◽  
Tiela Trapp Grassotti ◽  
Hiran Castagnino Kunert Filho ◽  
Francisco Esmaile de Sales Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intermediate Degree

The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 109 samples of Escherichia coli (E. coli) of environmental origin and to characterize these isolates according to the degree of pathogenicity in vivo, verifying a possible relationship between this variable and susceptibility to the active principles tested. The isolates were subjected to disc diffusion test to 14 antibiotics. From 16.5% to 90% of the samples were sensitive; 1 - 28.5% showed intermediate degree of susceptibility and between 9 to 78% of E. coli analyzed were resistant. The highest resistance percentages were seen in the class of quinolones and tetracyclines (>75%), and for sensitivity in the class of amphenicols (68.8%). By inoculating 1- day - old chicks, the isolates were classified as highly pathogenic (2.7%), intermediate (10.1%), low (42.2%) and apathogenic (45%). It was observed a wide variation in the susceptibility profile of isolates in relation to antimicrobials. It was also found that most of the samples had pathogenic potential (55%), thus being considered as APEC (avian pathogenic E. coli). No relationship between pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility (P≤0.05) was observed.

scholarly journals Developing, Modifying, and Validating a TaqMan Real-Time PCR Technique for Accurate Identification of Leishmania Parasites Causing Most Leishmaniasis in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Ghafari ◽  
Paul Donald Ready ◽  
Parviz Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Amino Acid Permease ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Species Specific

Many laboratory methods are used to diagnose leishmaniasis because it is characterized by varied symptoms and caused by different Leishmania species. A quantitative real-time PCR method based on a TaqMan probe was developed and modified for accurate identification of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania major or Leishmania tropica) from endemic areas of Iran. Two gene regions of amino acid permease 3 (AAP3) and cytochrome oxidase II (COII) were considered. Six new sets of species-specific primers and probes were designed. A total of 123 samples were examined and employed to evaluate and validate real-time PCR. According to parasitic load of the genesig®Leishmania Advanced Standard Kit, a serial dilution of purified plasmid (2–2×107 copies/reaction) was prepared under the same conditions for both genes. Specific primers and probes were able to detect three and six parasite copies in AAP3 and COII genes, respectively, and were able to detect three copies of parasites for L. major and L. tropica. The sensitivities of the reference kit and our method were 98.7 and 98.1%, respectively, and specificity was 100% for detecting parasite genomes in all assays. Designed primers and probes performed well in terms of efficiency and regression coefficient. For AAP3 and COII genes, respectively, the linear log range was 7 and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.749 and 0.996 for the reference kit using the standard generated curve and 0.98 and 0.96 with serial dilutions of parasite DNA. This research detected L. major and L. tropica definitely and opens the horizon for the other scientists in the multiplex reactions in designing and optimization of the conditions in silico and in vivo.

scholarly journals Optimizing the location of watercraft inspection stations to slow the spread of aquatic invasive species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Haight ◽  
Amy C. Kinsley ◽  
Szu-Yu Kao ◽  
Denys Yemshanov ◽  
Nicholas B. D. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Infestation Status

AbstractThe accidental spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) by recreational boaters is a major concern of state and county environmental planners in the USA. While programs for watercraft inspection to educate boaters and slow AIS spread are common practice, large numbers of boats and waterbodies, together with limited budgets, make program design difficult. To facilitate program design, we developed an integer programming model for allocation of scarce inspection resources among lakes. Our model uses species-specific infestation status of lakes and estimates of boat movement between lakes. The objective is to select lakes for inspection stations to maximize the number of risky boats inspected, where risky boats are ones that move from infested to uninfested lakes. We apply our model in Stearns County in central Minnesota, USA, to prioritize lakes for inspection stations and evaluate alternative management objectives. With an objective of protecting uninfested lakes within and outside Stearns County, the optimal policy is to locate stations at infested lakes having the most boats departing for uninfested lakes inside and outside the county. With an objective of protecting only Stearns County lakes, the optimal policy is to locate stations at both infested and uninfested lakes having the riskiest boats arriving from within and outside the county and departing to in-county lakes. The tradeoff between these objectives is significant.

scholarly journals Species-Specific PCR as a Tool for the Identification of Burkholderia gladioli

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Paul W. Whitby ◽  
Lauren C. Pope ◽  
Karen B. Carter ◽  
John J. LiPuma ◽  
Terrence L. Stull
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Burkholderia gladioli colonizes the respiratory tracts of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. However, due to the high degree of phenotypic similarity between this species and closely related species in the Burkholderia cepacia complex, accurate identification is difficult. Incorrect identification of these species may have serious repercussions for the management of patients with cystic fibrosis. To develop an accurate procedure for the identification of B. gladioli , a molecular method to discriminate between this species and other species commonly isolated from the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated. The 23S ribosomal DNA was cloned from several clinical isolates of B. gladioli , and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Computer-assisted sequence comparisons indicated four regions of the 23S rRNA specific for this species; these regions were used to design three primer pairs for species-specific PCR. Two of the primer pairs showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for B. gladioli when tested against a panel of 47 isolates comprising 19 B. gladioli isolates and 28 isolates of 16 other bacterial species. One of the primer pairs was further assessed for species specificity by using a panel of 102 isolates obtained from the Burkholderia cepacia Research Laboratory and Repository. The species-specific PCR was positive for 70 of 74 isolates of B. gladioli and was negative for all other bacterial species examined. Overall, this primer pair displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% (89 of 93) and 100%, respectively. These data demonstrate the potential of species-specific PCR for the identification of B. gladioli .

scholarly journals Assessing the pathogenic potential of the V(D)J recombinase by interlocus immunoglobulin light-chain gene rearrangement.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Bailey ◽  
N Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chain ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Light Chain Gene ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Chain Gene Rearrangement

Chromosomal translocations involving antigen receptor genes and oncogenes have been observed in several forms of lymphoid malignancy. Observations of their lymphocyte-restricted occurrence and a molecular analysis of some translocation breakpoints have suggested that some of these rearrangements are generated by V(D)J recombinase activity. However, a direct correlation between this activity and the generation of such rearrangements has never been established. In addition, because these aberrant rearrangements are usually detected only after a tumor has been formed, the frequency with which the recombinase machinery generates translocations has never been assessed directly. To approach these issues, immunoglobulin light-chain gene rearrangements were induced in pre-B cells transformed by temperature-sensitive mutants of Abelson murine leukemia virus and PCR was used to identify interlocus recombinants. Vlambda Jkappa and Vkappa Jlambda rearrangements as well as signal joints resulting from the recombination of Vlambda and Jkappa coding elements were recovered and were found to be similar in structure to conventional intrachromosomal joints. Because these products were detected only when the cells were undergoing active intralocus rearrangement, they provide direct evidence that translocations can be generated by the V(D)J recombinase machinery. Dilution analyses revealed that interlocus rearrangements occur about 1,000 times less frequently than conventional intralocus rearrangements. Considering the large numbers of lymphocytes generated throughout life, aberrant rearrangements generated by the V(D)J recombinase may be relatively common.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document