scholarly journals Targeting Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Acute Myocardial Infarction

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Di Filippo ◽  
Francesco Rossi ◽  
Michele D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Lipid Kinase ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Several studies have recognized the strong impact that the acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) have on the morbidity and mortality of patients affected by cardiovascular diseases. Still open, however, is the field concerning the mediators and the pathways involved in the etiology of this cardiovascular event. The present review would support the relatively new discovered role that the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have in the pathogenesis of the AMI, through a brief analysis of past and ongoing research. Particularly, it is reviewed here the possibility that inhibition of the activity of PMNs and inhibition of the signaling pathways related to their activity may result useful in AMI and may improve the prognosis of this pathology. This review, indeed, presents and discusses new data on one of the lipid kinase, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ), and its role in neutrophil recruitment during AMI.

scholarly journals Amphetamine Containing Dietary Supplements and Acute Myocardial Infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Perez-Downes ◽  
Abdulwahab Hritani ◽  
Candice Baldeo ◽  
Patrick Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
American Society ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Disease Present

Weight loss is one of the most researched and marketed topics in American society. Dietary regimens, medications that claim to boost the metabolism, and the constant pressure to fit into society all play a role in our patient’s choices regarding new dietary products. One of the products that are well known to suppress appetite and cause weight loss is amphetamines. While these medications suppress appetite, most people are not aware of the detrimental side effects of amphetamines, including hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and in certain instances acute myocardial infarction. Here we present the uncommon entity of an acute myocardial infarction due to chronic use of an amphetamine containing dietary supplement in conjunction with an exercise regimen. Our case brings to light further awareness regarding use of amphetamines. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of use of these substances when young patients with no risk factors for coronary artery disease present with acute arrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial infarctions.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1 and the Inflammasome as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 1260-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Abbate ◽  
Stefano Toldo ◽  
Carlo Marchetti ◽  
Jordana Kron ◽  
Benjamin W. Van Tassell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intracellular Sensing ◽  
Inflammasome Inhibitors

The intracellular sensing protein termed NLRP3 (for NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) forms a macromolecular structure called the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a major role in inflammation, particularly in the production of IL (interleukin)-1β. IL-1β is the most studied of the IL-1 family of cytokines, including 11 members, among which are IL-1α and IL-18. Here, we summarize preclinical and clinical findings supporting the key pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1 cytokines in the formation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis, in ischemic (acute myocardial infarction), and nonischemic injury to the myocardium (myocarditis) and the progression to heart failure. We also review the clinically available IL-1 inhibitors, although not currently approved for cardiovascular indications, and discuss other IL-1 inhibitors, not currently approved, as well as oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors currently in clinical development. Canakinumab, IL-1β antibody, prevented the recurrence of ischemic events in patients with prior acute myocardial infarction in a large phase III clinical trial, including 10 061 patients world-wide. Phase II clinical trials show promising data with anakinra, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, in patients with ST-segment–elevation acute myocardial infarction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Anakinra also improved outcomes in patients with pericarditis, and it is now considered standard of care as second-line treatment for patients with recurrent/refractory pericarditis. Rilonacept, a soluble IL-1 receptor chimeric fusion protein neutralizing IL-1α and IL-1β, has also shown promising results in a phase II study in recurrent/refractory pericarditis. In conclusion, there is overwhelming evidence linking the NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-1 cytokines with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The future will likely include targeted inhibitors to block the IL-1 isoforms, and possibly oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Influence of Smoking on the Location of Acute Myocardial Infarctions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Alemu ◽  
Eileen E. Fuller ◽  
John F. Harper ◽  
Mark Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
The Right

Objective. To determine whether there is an association between smoking and the location of acute myocardial infarctions. Methods. Using a cohort from our hospital and published cohorts from Ireland, Uruguay, and Israel, we calculated odds of having an inferior wall as opposed to an anterior wall acute myocardial infarction among smokers and nonsmokers. Results. In our cohort, there was a higher proportion of smokers than nonsmokers in patients with inferior acute myocardial infarctions than in patients with anterior infarctions. This difference was also present in each of the other cohorts. Odds ratios for an inferior versus an anterior acute myocardial infarction among smokers ranged from 1.15 to 2.00 (median odds ratio, 1.32). When the cohorts were combined (), the pooled odds ratio for an inferior as opposed to an anterior acute myocardial infarction among smokers was 1.38 ( confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.58) (). Conclusions. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of inferior wall acute myocardial infarction more than the risk of anterior wall infarction. Smoking thus appears to adversely affect the right coronary arterial circulation to a greater extent than the left coronary arterial circulation by a mechanism not yet understood.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effects and pharmacokinetic properties of a controlled release formulation of a novel hydrogen sulfide donor in rats with acute myocardial infarction

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba Hieu Tran ◽  
Chengrong Huang ◽  
Qiuyan Zhang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Shizhou Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Controlled Release Formulation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

The present study confirms that CR-SPRC is stable, effective and is thus an alternative candidate for hydrogen sulfide-mediated long-term prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Short Term Outcome of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Preceded by Angina

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
AFK Ahmed ◽  
AK Choudhury ◽  
A Khan ◽  
M Ali ◽  
A Zaher
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome

Background: It has been reported that acute myocardial infarction preceded by angina has favorable short term outcome. To validate this in our setting, this study was undertaken in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. Method: This is a prospective and observational study. 100 patients were evaluated for the short term outcomes of patients of AMI preceded by angina. Result : Observation showed that patients of AMI preceded by angina has less damage of the myocardium as evident by lower CK-MB values and better preservation of left ventricular function. It has also been shown that early complications like death, VT & VF, asystole, CHB, acute LVF, cardiogenic shock were significantly lower in patients of AMI preceded by angina than those without angina. Conclusion: It is observed that incidence of previous angina is an important independent predictor of outcome of the patients with myocardial infarction. Key words: AMI, Angina, Ischaemic heart Disease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8204 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1):48-52

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