scholarly journals Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1243-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Conic ◽  
Irena Dimov ◽  
Desanka Tasic-Dimov ◽  
Biljana Djordjevic ◽  
Vladisav Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
And Function

The last decade witnessed an explosion of interest in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The realization of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) as a CSC-related disease has the potential to change approaches in the treatment of this devastating disease dramatically. The etiology and early events in the progression of these carcinomas are among the least understood of all major human malignancies. Compared to the CSCs of other cancer types, the identification and study of EOC stem cells (EOCSCs) is rather difficult due to several major obstacles: the heterogeneity of tumors comprising EOCs, unknown cells of origin, and lack of knowledge considering the normal ovarian stem cells. This poses a major challenge for urgent development in this research field. This review summarizes and evaluates the current evidence for the existence of candidate normal ovarian epithelial stem cells as well as EOCSCs, emphasizing the requirement for a more definitive laboratory approach for the isolation, identification, and enrichment of EOCSCs. The present review also revisits the ongoing debate regarding other cells and tissues of origin of EOCs, and discusses early events in the pathogenesis of this disease. Finally, this review discusses the signaling pathways that are important regulators of candidate EOCSC maintenance and function, their potential role in the distinct pathogenesis of different EOC subtypes, as well as potential mechanisms and clinical relevance of EOCSC involvement in drug resistance.

Role of Aberrant Lipid Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Chunxia Su
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Cancer Types

: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small population of cancer cells that are able to self-renew and initiate tumors, which undergo epigenetic, epithelial-mesenchymal, immunological, and metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment as well as survive host defense or therapeutic insults. The metabolic reprogramming that accompanies cancer onset is known to be critical for the disease pathogenesis. A coordinated dysregulation of lipid metabolism is observed in nearly all cancer types. In addition to fulfilling basic requirements of structural lipids for membrane synthesis, lipids function importantly as signaling molecules and contribute to energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the attractive research field of aberrant lipid metabolism regarding CSCs in cancer progression, which provides insights into therapeutic agents targeting CSCs based upon their modulation of lipid metabolism.

Distribution of amniotic stem cells in human term amnion membrane

Microscopy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Koike ◽  
Jun Sugimoto ◽  
Motonori Okabe ◽  
Kenichi Arai ◽  
Makiko Nogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Amnion Membrane ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site

Abstract Amnion membrane studies related to miscarriage have been conducted in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. However, the distribution of stem cells within the amnion and the differences in the properties of each type of stem cells are still not well understood. We address this gap in knowledge in the present study where we morphologically classified the amnion membrane, and we clarified the distribution of stem cells here to identify functionally different amniotic membrane–derived stem cells. The amnion can be divided into a site that is continuous with the umbilical cord (region A), a site that adheres to the placenta (region B), and a site that is located opposite the placenta (region C). We found that human amnion epithelial stem cells (HAECs) that strongly express stem cell markers were abundant in area A. HAEC not only expressesed stem cell-specific surface markers TRA-1-60, Tra-1-81, SSEA4, SSEA3, but was also OCT-3/4 positive and had alkaline phosphatase activity. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells expressed KLF-A, OCTA, Oct3/4, c-MYC and Sox2 which is transcription factor. Especially, in regions A and B they have expressed CD73, and the higher expression of BCRP which is drug excretion transporter protein than the other parts. These data suggest that different types of stem cells may have existed in different area. The understanding the relation with characteristics of the stem cells in each area and function would allow for the efficient harvest of suitable HAE and HAM stem cells as using tool for regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Role of autophagy in the maintenance and function of cancer stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilio Vitale ◽  
Gwenola Manic ◽  
Vito Dandrea ◽  
Ruggero De Maria
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Contributions of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer Initiation and Metastasis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Mei ◽  
Xiaozeng Lin ◽  
Anil Kapoor ◽  
Yan Gu ◽  
Kuncheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Prostate Cancer Stem Cells

Research in the last decade has clearly revealed a critical role of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) in prostate cancer (PC). Prostate stem cells (PSCs) reside in both basal and luminal layers, and are the target cells of oncogenic transformation, suggesting a role of PCSCs in PC initiation. Mutations in PTEN, TP53, and RB1 commonly occur in PC, particularly in metastasis and castration-resistant PC. The loss of PTEN together with Ras activation induces partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major mechanism that confers plasticity to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and PCSCs, which contributes to metastasis. While PTEN inactivation leads to PC, it is not sufficient for metastasis, the loss of PTEN concurrently with the inactivation of both TP53 and RB1 empower lineage plasticity in PC cells, which substantially promotes PC metastasis and the conversion to PC adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine PC (NEPC), demonstrating the essential function of TP53 and RB1 in the suppression of PCSCs. TP53 and RB1 suppress lineage plasticity through the inhibition of SOX2 expression. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence supporting a major role of PCSCs in PC initiation and metastasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms regulating PCSCs. These discussions will be developed along with the cancer stem cell (CSC) knowledge in other cancer types.

scholarly journals IDH1/2 Mutations in Cancer Stem Cells and Their Implications for Differentiation Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Remco J. Molenaar ◽  
Johanna W. Wilmink
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Differentiation Therapy ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Mutant Idh1 ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are enzymes recurrently mutated in various types of cancer, including glioma, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. Mutant IDH1/2 induce a block in differentiation and thereby contribute to the stemness and oncogenesis of their cells of origin. Recently, small-molecule inhibitors of mutant IDH1/2 have been Food and Drug Administration–approved for the treatment of IDH1/2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. These inhibitors decrease the stemness of the targeted IDH1/2-mutated cancer cells and induce their differentiation to more mature cells. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which mutant IDH1/2 induce a block in differentiation and the biological and clinical effects of the release into differentiation by mutant-IDH1/2 inhibitors. (J Histochem Cytochem 70:83–97, 2022)

scholarly journals Linking Tumor Microenvironment to Plasticity of Cancer Stem Cells: Mechanisms and Application in Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zheng ◽  
Chune Yu ◽  
Mingqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a minority subset of cancer cells that can drive tumor initiation, promote tumor progression, and induce drug resistance. CSCs are difficult to eliminate by conventional therapies and eventually mediate tumor relapse and metastasis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that CSCs display plasticity that renders them to alter their phenotype and function. Consequently, the varied phenotypes result in varied tumorigenesis, dissemination, and drug-resistance potential, thereby adding to the complexity of tumor heterogeneity and further challenging clinical management of cancers. In recent years, tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a hotspot in cancer research owing to its successful application in clinical tumor immunotherapy. Notably, emerging evidence shows that the TME is involved in regulating CSC plasticity. TME can activate stemness pathways and promote immune escape through cytokines and exosomes secreted by immune cells or stromal cells, thereby inducing non-CSCs to acquire CSC properties and increasing CSC plasticity. However, the relationship between TME and plasticity of CSCs remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the emerging investigations on TME and CSC plasticity to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and potential implications in suppressing cancer progression and drug resistance. We consider that this review can help develop novel therapeutic strategies by taking into account the interlink between TME and CSC plasticity.

Chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer – potential role of cancer stem cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Renner ◽  
Y Zhao ◽  
I Ischenko ◽  
P Camaj ◽  
JW Ellwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance

scholarly journals Endometrial Stem Cell Markers: Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Tempest ◽  
Alison Maclean ◽  
Dharani Hapangama
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Layer ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

The human endometrium is a highly regenerative organ undergoing over 400 cycles of shedding and regeneration over a woman’s lifetime. Menstrual shedding and the subsequent repair of the functional layer of the endometrium is a process unique to humans and higher-order primates. This massive regenerative capacity is thought to have a stem cell basis, with human endometrial stromal stem cells having already been extensively studied. Studies on endometrial epithelial stem cells are sparse, and the current belief is that the endometrial epithelial stem cells reside in the terminal ends of the basalis glands at the endometrial/myometrial interface. Since almost all endometrial pathologies are thought to originate from aberrations in stem cells that regularly regenerate the functionalis layer, expansion of our current understanding of stem cells is necessary in order for curative treatment strategies to be developed. This review critically appraises the postulated markers in order to identify endometrial stem cells. It also examines the current evidence supporting the existence of epithelial stem cells in the human endometrium that are likely to be involved both in glandular regeneration and in the pathogenesis of endometrial proliferative diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer.

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