scholarly journals Cost Effective Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity and Bird Populations in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciira wa Maina ◽  
David Muchiri ◽  
Peter Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Audio Recordings

AbstractWith the increasing need to effectively monitor a growing number of ecosystems of interest due to risks posed to these ecosystems by human activity and climate change, novel approaches to biodiversity monitoring are needed. In this work we demonstrate the application of low cost acoustic recorders based on the Raspberry Pi microprocessor to biodiversity monitoring. The recorders are capable of capturing audio recordings from which we can compute acoustic indices of biodiversity and identify bird species of interest. We compare the acoustic indices of biodiversity and results of point counts aimed at determining bird species presence and find that the acoustic complexity index has a significant positive correlation to point count results. In addition, we show that the presence of the Hartlaub’s Turaco, a ubiquitous species in montane forests in Kenya with a distinct call, can be automatically determined using recordings obtained using our setup. Montane species are of interest for long-term automatic monitoring since they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Our system is able to deal with the large amounts of data generated by the acoustic recorders. The automatic screening of approximately five hours of recordings for presence of the Hartlaub’s Turaco call is achieved in approximately three minutes representing a large time saving that makes use of audio recordings for species identification feasible.

scholarly journals Helping farmers and regulators manage and assure the cumulative flood safety of agricultural dams: a cost-effective regionalised review/design tool from Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Pisaniello
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Safety Assurance

In Australia and other countries, small private dams in agricultural catchments pose both disastrous individual and cumulative dam failure flood threats to downstream communities; threats that can be exacerbated by increased rainfall intensities caused by climate change. This paper addresses the need for a low cost, scientifically acceptable mechanism and policy guidance to help dam owners and governments better understand and manage these risks and assure community safety. To this end an innovative, cost-effective farm dam flood safety review/design tool is developed and tested in Australia, including hydrology-diverse Tasmania, to complement best practice dam safety assurance policy. The tool's development involved generating complex catchment data to represent hydrologically homogenous regions using best practice water engineering methods, to derive simple regionalised dam flood capability prediction relationships of acceptable accuracy. Results demonstrate the tool's successful development and potential transferability to different hydrological regions; how the relationships can be refined by future research and potentially made to account for climate change; and how the tool can be applied within a best practice dam safety assurance policy which includes additional farmer-friendly elements. The findings are potentially transferable to any region to assure communities that cumulative safety threats posed by rural catchment dams are minimised.

scholarly journals Development of Smart Vehicle Security and Entertainment System (SSES) using Raspberry Pi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4077-4083 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Security System ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Vehicle Owner ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Vehicle Security

This paper deals with development of a Vehicle Security and Entertainment System, which is being used to monitor, track the vehicle, and to offer local entertainment system. The development system makes used of two embedded devices to split the entertainment system from the security system to ensure isolation and security. The security system is equipped with camera, distress signal switch and GPS/GPRS module to track, report a problem, and monitor the vehicle by sending data to a centralized database server where vehicle owner can access and retrieve these data to guarantee the safety of the passengers and the vehicle too. The second system is the entertainment system, where this system uses a powerful Intel atom embedded device and local network to allow users to connect and offer entertaining services. These services include, E-Book library and multimedia streaming. The main concept of research to develop a low cost system to secure and entertain passengers on vehicles like buses, train and even cars. The development is cost effective and as well as can be modified to add extra modules or to develop extra entertainment services. If the vehicle is stolen the system is able to send a distress signal to the owner or company. They can help the passengers by monitoring through the vehicle camera. In this research we have successfully developed and tested the system.

scholarly journals MIRRA: A Modular and Cost-Effective Microclimate Monitoring System for Real-Time Remote Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4615
Author(s):  
Olivier Pieters ◽  
Emiel Deprost ◽  
Jonas Van Der Donckt ◽  
Lore Brosens ◽  
Pieter Sanczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Microclimate Monitoring ◽  
Weather Stations

Monitoring climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural, and other societal systems, is often based on temperature data derived from official weather stations. Yet, these data do not capture most microclimates, influenced by soil, vegetation and topography, operating at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. Detecting and attributing climate change impacts with confidence and certainty will only be possible by a better quantification of temperature changes in forests, croplands, mountains, shrublands, and other remote habitats. There is an urgent need for a novel, miniature and simple device filling the gap between low-cost devices with manual data download (no instantaneous data) and high-end, expensive weather stations with real-time data access. Here, we develop an integrative real-time monitoring system for microclimate measurements: MIRRA (Microclimate Instrument for Real-time Remote Applications) to tackle this problem. The goal of this platform is the design of a miniature and simple instrument for near instantaneous, long-term and remote measurements of microclimates. To that end, we optimised power consumption and transfer data using a cellular uplink. MIRRA is modular, enabling the use of different sensors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil moisture and radiation) depending upon the application, and uses an innovative node system highly suitable for remote locations. Data from separate sensor modules are wirelessly sent to a gateway, thus avoiding the drawbacks of cables. With this sensor technology for the long-term, low-cost, real-time and remote sensing of microclimates, we lay the foundation and open a wide range of possibilities to map microclimates in different ecosystems, feeding a next generation of models. MIRRA is, however, not limited to microclimate monitoring thanks to its modular and wireless design. Within limits, it is suitable or any application requiring real-time data logging of power-efficient sensors over long periods of time. We compare the performance of this system to a reference system in real-world conditions in the field, indicating excellent correlation with data collected by established data loggers. This proof-of-concept forms an important foundation to creating the next version of MIRRA, fit for large scale deployment and possible commercialisation. In conclusion, we developed a novel wireless cost-effective sensor system for microclimates.

scholarly journals A simple and rapid method for isolating high-quality RNA from kenaf containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol contents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Liao ◽  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Yanhong Zhao ◽  
Wenhuan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Commercial Kits

AbstractThe isolation of high-quality RNA from kenaf is crucial for genetic and molecular biology studies. However, high levels of polysaccharide and polyphenol compounds in kenaf tissues could irreversibly bind to and coprecipitate with RNA, which complicates RNA extraction. In the present study, we proposed a simplified, time-saving and low-cost extraction method for isolating high quantities of high-quality RNA from several different kenaf tissues. RNA quality was measured for yield and purity, and the proposed protocol yielded high quantities of RNA (10.1-12.9 μg/g·FW). Spectrophotometric analysis showed that A260/280 ratios of RNA samples were in the range of 2.11 to 2.13, and A260/230 ratios were in the range of 2.04-2.24, indicating that the RNA samples were free of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and protein contaminants after isolation. The method of RNA extraction presented here was superior to the conventional CTAB method in terms of RNA isolation efficiency and was more sample-adaptable and cost-effective than commercial kits. Furthermore, to confirm downstream amenability, the high-quality RNA obtained from this method was successfully used for RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. We provide an efficient and low-cost method for extracting high quantities of high-quality RNA from plants that are rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides, and this method was also validated for the isolation of high-quality RNA from other plants.

scholarly journals Affordable Remote Monitoring of Plant Growth and Facilities using Raspberry Pi Computers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandin Grindstaff ◽  
Makenzie E. Mabry ◽  
Paul D. Blischak ◽  
Micheal Quinn ◽  
J. Chris Pires
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
List Type ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTPremise of the study: Environmentally controlled facilities, such as growth chambers, are essential tools for experimental research. Automated remote monitoring of such facilities with low-cost hardware can greatly improve both the reproducibility and the accurate maintenance of their conditions.Methods and Results: Using a Raspberry Pi computer, open-source software, environmental sensors, and a camera, we developed a cost-effective system for monitoring growth chamber conditions, which we have called ‘GMpi.’ Coupled with our software, GMpi_Pack, our setup automates sensor readings, photography, alerts when conditions fall out of range, and data transfer to cloud storage services.Conclusions: The GMpi offers low-cost access to environmental data logging, improving reproducibility of experiments, as well as reinforcing the stability of controlled environmental facilities. The device is also flexible and scalable, allowing customization and expansion to include other features such as machine vision.

scholarly journals Low-cost Voice Based Braille Script Communication for Teaching Aid

2021 ◽  
pp. 457-467
Author(s):  
Shaik Asif. Hussain ◽  
◽  
Shaik Javeed. Hussain ◽  
Raza Hasan ◽  
Salman Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Proximity Sensor ◽  
Ir Sensors ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
First Time

Though the Traditional method of teaching Braille script for the blind is simple, yet it has some potential drawbacks. Handling the marbles and the slate for a first-time does make learning very difficult. In most cases, the teacher will also be blind, so for each representation, the teacher must reach each student’s slate and change the arrangement of the marbles. This is a harder and time taking job. This project focuses on the design and development of an embedded system based electronic assistive device which eases the problem of teaching visually challenged beginner. This Project is implemented using an ordinary Braille slate with IR sensors and Raspberry Pi 2 Model B board which is cost-effective and simple. The Software is implemented in Simulink of MATLAB R2020. The placing of the marbles in the slate is sensed by the IR Proximity sensor. If the combination of the marbles placed is correct, then the Raspberry Pi’s Text to speak converter produces the audio sound output of the corresponding letter. This method provides an easy way of teaching Braille Script with less effort for the teacher.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fertilizer Applicator while Spraying Fertilizers in Warangal and Nagarkurnool District, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Afifa Jahan ◽  
R. Arunjyothi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Time Saving

Indian population is 73% depended on agricultural activities for their livelihood. Increasing population has increased the intensity of agricultural production for feeding and doubling of food production has increased usage of fertilizers. Spraying of fertilizers has reported to be a drudgery process by farmers. In the present study the fertilizer applicator developed by a farmer in wyra, Khammam district was studied in comparison to traditional practices of fertilization broadcasting and pocketing. The applicator studied in the present study is farmer friendly technology. Low cost Rs 2500 equipment which can be used with one labor and cattle pair. The results of the study concluded that with usage of fertilizer applicator the drudgery is reduced to 3 on REBA Scale which is low risk. It is cost effective and time saving technology compared to traditional fertilization methods of broadcasting fertilizers and pocketing fertilizers.

scholarly journals Building a Raspberry Pi School Magnetometer Network in the UK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán D. Beggan ◽  
Steve R. Marple
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations

Abstract. As computing and geophysical sensor components have become increasingly affordable over the past decade, it is now possible to design and build a cost-effective system for monitoring the Earth's natural magnetic field variations, in particular for space weather events. Modern fluxgate magnetometers are sensitive down to the sub-nanotesla level, which far exceeds the level of accuracy required to detect very small variations of the external magnetic field. When the popular Raspberry Pi single-board computer is combined with a suitable digitiser it can be used as a low-cost data logger. We adapted off-the-shelf components to design a magnetometer system for schools and developed bespoke Python software to build a network of low-cost magnetometers across the UK. We describe the system and software and how it was deployed to schools around the UK. In addition, we show the results recorded by the systems from one of the largest geomagnetic storms of the current solar cycle.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Sources of Non-Migratory Avian Mortalities In Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
David J. X. TAN ◽  
Ding Li YONG ◽  
Bing Wen LOW ◽  
Alan OWYONG ◽  
Alfred CHIA
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Methodologies

Although urban spaces are increasingly recognised as viable habitats for wildlife, cities remain a major source of anthropogenic mortality for wild birds. While the sources of urban avian mortalities have been well documented in North America, these phenomena remain poorly studied in Southeast Asia, especially for resident species. Here we present the first summary of non-migratory urban bird mortalities for the heavily urbanised island of Singapore. We conducted a citizen science study using print and social media outreach to encourage members of the public to report their observations of dead birds between November 2013 and October 2017, and collected a total of 362 mortality records across 65 resident bird species and five mortality sources. Our results show that a diverse array of bird species is directly impacted by anthropogenic sources of mortality, although mortalities stemming from roadkill and cat predation are likely to be undersampled. We also find that forest-edge frugivores such as the Pink-necked Green Pigeon are likely to be especially vulnerable to building collisions. Our study shows that despite its limitations, opportunistic sampling using citizen science can generate large amounts of ecological data at relatively low cost, and serve as a cost-effective complement to standardised survey methodologies.

Development of a High-Throughput Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Multiple Antibiotic Residues in Cosmetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Xun ◽  
Hai Yan ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Li Li Shi ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Antibiotics Detection ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Antibiotic residues in cosmetics can cause seriously healthy problems such as sensitization, systemic toxicity, or even death. The developments of rapid methods for multiple antibiotics detection are needed to conveniently detect out the illegal additives. In this study, a simple, cost-effective and time-saving immunoassay, multi-analyte dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Multi-Dot-ELISA), for the simultaneous detection of three most common abused antibiotics (CPFX, TC, and SMD) was successfully designed and developed. Based on the competitive Multi-Dot-ELISA, real samples from 5 of 15 (33%) commercial cosmetic products were found CPFX and SMD additives which are banned in China. We demonstrate that this rapid and low-cost platform is a promising tool in human health protection.

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