scholarly journals Gravitropic Movement in Wheat Coleoptile is Regulated by Ultradian Growth Oscillations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Bastien ◽  
Olivia Guayasamin ◽  
Stéphane Douady ◽  
Bruno Moulia
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Curvature Variation ◽  
Perturbation Experiment ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTo stand straight and upright along their growth, plants needs to regulate actively their posture. Gravitropic movement, which occurs when plants modify their growth and curvature to orient their aerial organ against the force of gravity, is a major feature of this postural control. A recent model has shown that graviception and proprioception are sufficient to account for the gravitropic movement and subsequent organ posture demonstrated by a range of species. However, some plants, including wheat coleoptiles, exhibit a stronger regulation of posture than predicted by the model. Here, we performed an extensive kinematics study on wheat coleoptiles during a gravitropic perturbation experiment in order to better understand this unexpectedly strong regulation. Close temporal observation of the data revealed that both perturbed and unperturbed coleoptiles showed oscillatory pulses of elongation and curvature variation that propagated from the apex to the base of their aerial organs. In perturbed (tilted) coleoptiles, we discovered a non-trivial coupling between the oscillatory dynamics of curvature and elongation. This relationship appears to be critical to the postural control of the organ, and indicates the presence of a mechanism that is capable of affecting the relationship between elongation rate, differential growth, and curvature.

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

The relationship between trunk position sense and postural control in ataxic individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özge Onursal Kılınç ◽  
Ender Ayvat ◽  
Fatma Ayvat ◽  
Gülşah Sütçü ◽  
Muhammed Kılınç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trunk Position

scholarly journals Manual tracking impairs postural stability in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
Anna Rossiter ◽  
Matthew J Allsop ◽  
Rachael K Raw ◽  
Lindsay Howard ◽  
Raymond J Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manual Performance

Introduction Older adults show increased postural sway and a greater risk of falls when completing activities with high cognitive demands. While dual-task approaches have clarified an association between cognitive processes and postural control, it is unclear how manual ability, which is also required for the successful completion of cognitively demanding tasks (such as putting a key into a lock), affects this relationship. Method Kinematic technology was used to explore the relationship between postural sway and manual control in healthy younger and older adults. Participants ( n = 82) remained standing to complete a visual-motor tracking task on a tablet computer. Root mean square tracking error measured manual performance, and a balance board measured deviations in centre of pressure as a marker of postural sway. Results Older adults displayed poorer manual accuracy and increased postural sway across all testing conditions. Conclusions Cognitive capacity can interact with multiple task demands, and in turn affect postural sway in older adults. Improving our understanding of factors that influence postural control will assist falls-prevention efforts and inform clinical practice.

The Relationship Between Postural Control and Self-Reported Engagement in Physical Activity in Young and Older Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka ◽  
Aleksandra Maria Rogowska ◽  
Michał Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Postural Performance ◽  
Better Than

Physical activity is known to have beneficial effects on a host of factors related to physical and mental health, and positively affects postural control. However, there is no agreement on which measures of postural control and to what extent they are dependent on the past and present physical activity in older adults. To answer this question we compared the postural performance in a 20-s quiet stance with eyes open on a Kistler force plate in 38 subjects, aged 60–92, who were formerly and are currently physically active (AA) with those who were always inactive (II) and those who were either formerly (AI) or are currently (IA) active. Results indicated that only current activity promoted better postural control while former activity was ineffective. Postural control in AA and IA was very similar and much better than in II and AI who, in contrast, displayed similarly deteriorated postural control.

scholarly journals The influence of pre-recruitment growth on subsequent growth and age at first spawning in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Brophy ◽  
Bret S Danilowicz
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Calculation of the spawning stock biomass for fisheries management requires information on the numbers or proportions of fish in each age- or length-group that are mature each year. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth and age of first reproduction in herring stocks around Ireland. Measurements of otolith size at the onset of the first annulus (O1) were used to compare growth during the first year of life between 1-, 2-, and 3-group spawning herring collected from spawning grounds in the Celtic Sea over a period of 3 years. The 1-group spawning fish had significantly greater mean O1 measurements, and hence showed faster growth on average during the first year of life than 2- or 3-group spawning fish. Fish that exhibited slow growth during the first year were absent from the adult spawning population at age 1, but occurred at similar levels in the samples of 2- and 3-group spawning fish. Regression of O1 radius on fish length at capture showed that growth during the first year of life had a small but significant effect on subsequent growth up to age 3. The relationship between pre-recruitment growth and subsequent growth and age at first spawning has implications for recruitment patterns of juveniles from different nursery areas and for the lifetime fecundity of population components with differential growth.

The relationship between fear of falling and human postural control

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Davis ◽  
Adam D. Campbell ◽  
Allan L. Adkin ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
The Relationship

Resting-State Cortical Connectivity Underlying Cognitive-Motor Interactions in Gait and Postural Tasks in Young Adults

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S3.2-S3
Author(s):  
Nathan Morelli ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
Kimberly Kaiser ◽  
Richard Andreatta ◽  
Nicholas Heebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between intra- and internetwork connectivity and DTC of postural, gait, and cognitive performance in healthy, young adults.BackgroundDual-task (DT) deficits persist after return to activity in those recovering from a sports related concussion. However, little is known about the relationship of cortical network function to DT capacity. Current evidence regarding the relationship between network connectivity and dual-task balance and gait performance is limited by focusing on older adults and those with cognitive impairments, using a condensed set of task demands, and neglecting the role of connectivity in the ability to adapt to minimize DT cost (DTC).Design/MethodsTwelve adults (7 females; age: 23.41 ± 2.74 years; height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m; weight: 72.66 ± 11.25 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, as well as single and DT variants of the Concussion Balance Test, Sensory Organization Test, and gait. Functional connectivity within and between the default mode (DMN), salience (SAL), and sensorimotor (SMN) networks were calculated for all subjects. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the association of connectivity to balance and gait speed DTC.ResultsInter-network connectivity between to DMN to the SAL and SMN demonstrated moderate to strong association to DTC of gait speed and postural control during tasks which perturbed sensory environments (r = −0.59 to 0.94, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between connectivity and DTC of cognitive performance during DT (r = −0.50 to 0.54, p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of the SAL, SMN, and DMN in cognitive-motor interactions during gait and postural control. Furthermore, functional connectivity underlying DT gait and static postural control performance express inverse relationships, suggesting task-dependent differences in system level processing.

Differential Growth as Evidence of the Relationship of Monochamus notatus (Drury) and M. scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae),

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Anatomical Difference ◽  
Monochamus Notatus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wood Boring

Monochamus notatus (Drury) and M. scutellatus (Say) are both common wood-boring beetles in the coniferous forests of eastern Canada. The two species are usually separated on the basis of colour. The first is dark brown with lighter brown elytra, and is covered with white and brown pubescence, while the second , is typicaliy shining black. The scutellum of each bears a dense white pubescence which, in the case of M. notatus, is divided by a bare median line. Such a line also occurs in M. scutellatus but is usually incomplete. The writer has found that the presence or absence of a fringe of white hair around the compound eye constitutes the most consistent anatomical difference between the two species, it being present only in M. notatus. The elytra of the females of both species are generally marked with elongate spots. Body length is also used to separate the two species, but no clear-cut difference in length ranges occurs; instead, there is considerable overlap.

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